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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/23 8:53:43 Beijing air pollution legislation first into the idling without banned smoking
Concern of the Beijing air pollution control Ordinance was passed yesterday by the municipal NPC of higher ticket, will be formally implemented in March. Ordinance, Chapter 8, section a total. During the meeting, there are 211 delegates for 443 comments on the Bill. Regulations drafting Department conducted a total of more than 50 articles for 111 changes. Among them, the new provisions in the Ordinance, for the first time "to reduce pollution by motor vehicles idle and low speeds" into legislation, and the commencement date of the Ordinance from "today" to "March 1", to allow a certain grace period. In addition, penalties for illegal sewage has added a penalty, made the Bill's penalty increased from 39 to 40.
What's new
Hood shipped the muck can be fined from 500 to 3,000
Terms and conditions: transporting garbage, waste, bulk, liquid material, such as sand, earth-moving vehicles should be shipped with the municipal city authorities issued permits, installation of satellite positioning systems, enclosed transport. Violation of the above-mentioned provisions, the comprehensive urban management enforcement department ordered corrective action, fined a maximum of 500 Yuan to 3,000 yuan.
Why: for controlling dust pollution, to increase the punishment for illegal transport of bulk liquid material released the above penalties.
"Reducing idling low pollution" first method
Terms and conditions: amendments according to the representative, simultaneously with the amount imposed on motor vehicle regulation, new provisions of the Ordinance, "optimal road in the city to set up and manage and reduce pollution caused by motor vehicle idling and low speed. ”
The reason: the municipal environmental protection Bureau Li kunsheng, Director of vehicle emission management service had disclosed to the media a Bill: If the city has 100,000 2 standard car, idling for more than 3 minutes to emit various pollutants every day 270 kilograms, almost 100 tonnes a year. These pollutants are emission at low altitudes, causing direct harm to human health.
Glossary
Idle speed: refers to the vehicle in parking state start the engine, stable operation the minimum speed of the engine. Only points ignition, the car is in idle state.
Idle speed: car when driving without oil, engine revolutions also stayed at idle speed in stages.
New convergence of execution mechanism
Articles: Administrative Department of environmental protection and public security administrative law enforcement and judicial organs shall establish and improve air pollution cases linking mechanism, perfect case, informed the trail system.
Why: in terms of accountability of criminal liability, it is necessary to establish execution interface mechanism between the environmental authorities and the public security organs.
Exhaust check list to be announced
Terms and conditions: vehicle emission tests on a regular basis, commissioned by the City Department of environmental protection administration testing institution. City Department of environmental protection administration should inform the public of test list.
Why: in terms of increasing public, adding "open test list" requirement.
Modify content
CAP and trade to "pilot"
Terms and conditions: "can pilot atmospheric pollutant emissions trading system" amended to read "air pollution emissions trading pilot project".
Why: in the process of considering, for fear of "paying sewage", a number of representatives proposed the deletion of "cap and trade system". In order to avoid such a situation, play a role in promoting emission reduction in the market at the same time, municipal people's Congress Law Committee for this modification, left to cap and trade, a new space for further refinement.
Don't keep monitoring data are punished
Terms and conditions: "no monitoring data are published according to the provisions, the Administrative Department of environmental protection ordered corrective action, 10,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan shall be" changed to "do not publish or save the data according to the provisions, the Administrative Department of environmental protection ordered corrective action, fined a maximum of 10,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan".
Why: if not required to save the environmental monitoring data, also will face heavy punishment.
Implementation date revised to March 1
Terms and conditions: "this Ordinance shall enter into force on the date of its publication" amended to read "this Ordinance shall come into force on March 1, 2014".
Why: municipal people's Congress Law Committee believes that, to allow preparation of regulations to implement and carry out extensive outreach, not immediately after the publication of the implementation of the Ordinance.
Reducing PM2.5 control focus
Articles: "the city's air pollution prevention and control should be to reduce the concentrations of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere as the goal" amended to read "the city's air pollution prevention and control, with an emphasis on reducing concentrations of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere".
Reason: clearly focused on pollution prevention and control in the city, and suggested a change. Municipal Law Committee of the NPC has adopted this proposal.
Refine public articles
Terms and conditions: municipal people's Government shall, in accordance with the polluter accountability and polluter, who govern and who pay principle, "determine the imposition of such fees and levies standard" amended to "determine and publish the imposition of such fees and levies".
Atmospheric environment pollution from municipal people's Governments should improve the reporting system, "public telephone" amended to read ", such as telephone hotlines, Web sites to the public."
Total emission control targets in the city and region, emissions in key industries and key enterprises ... ... "to the public" amended to read "annually to the public".
Why: in efforts to increase public respect, time requirements to publicize more refinement, and increases network report, to encourage public supervision.
"What has not changed,"
Parking stall without penalty
"In eight categories of specific locations such as schools, hospitals, parking for more than 3 minutes to be stalling," whether penalties were necessary, the delegates expressed different views.
In this regard, the integrated Law Committee of the NPC representatives, hearings, and many other opinion concluded, set against parking stall penalties, there is a subject of law enforcement to identify, on-site evidence more difficult practical problems, difficult to implement, in order to safeguard the seriousness and authority of the law, recommended no punishment.
"The ban on smoking" without method
Consideration of a number of representatives proposed to increase "the environmental public interest litigation", "burden of proof", "the right to compensation for environmental damage", increased aircraft in air pollution prevention and control, the creation of air pollution prevention and control Fund, increase prohibits the discharge of fireworks and firecrackers, prohibit smoking in public places.
NPC Law Committee said that taking into account these recommendations, some outside the local legislative power, some belonging to the administration of the State Council, have developed or are developing regulations, so not manipulated to the Ordinance.
"Daily penalty" did not accept the
Represented on the proposed increase "daily penalty", the Law Committee said, because of the national environmental protection Act (draft) are studying the provisions of the system, such as formal, law enforcement authorities can be implemented directly in accordance with the plan by the day. Therefore not increase "daily".
"How to do"
For key issues
Should be carried out in the second half to check
Delegates suggested that "if implementation of laws are not in place, is useless. To strengthen the enforcement efforts of the Government, truly enforced, and law-breakers are law-breakers are prosecuted. ”
In this regard, the Law Committee recommended that outreach focus on regulations in the first half of this year, improving compatibility. Second half of Standing Committee to to Ordinance for law enforcement check, focuses on check government law enforcement power, and law enforcement capacity and law enforcement personnel quality whether adapted to Ordinance of new provides new requirements; check specification free cut volume right, developed supporting law enforcement rules, provides law enforcement program, situation; check representative were concern of ban open barbecue, and burning garbage and straw, provides of implementation situation, urged Government strengthened law enforcement, do strictly management, punished illegal.
Morning news reporter Zou Le Hana
(Original title: reducing idling pollution into law for the first time)
备受关注的《北京市大气污染防治条例》昨天经市人代会高票通过，将于3月起正式实施。条例共8章130条。会议期间，共有211位代表针对条例草案提出了443条意见。法规起草部门共对超过50个条文进行了111处修改。其中，条例新增规定，首次将“减少机动车怠速和低速行驶造成的污染”纳入立法，并将条例的实施日期从“即日”改为“3月1日”，留出了一定的缓冲期。另外，在严惩违法排污方面增加了一条处罚，使得条例的罚则从原来的39条增至40条。
新增内容
敞篷运渣土可罚五百到三千
条款：运输垃圾、渣土、砂石、土方等散装、流体物料的车辆，应当使用具有市政市容主管部门核发的准运证，安装卫星定位系统，密闭运输。违反上述规定，由城市管理综合执法部门责令改正，处500元以上3000元以下罚款。
缘由：针对防治扬尘污染，为加大对违法运输散装流体物料的惩治力度，新增上述罚则。
“减少怠速低速污染”首次入法
条款：根据代表的修改意见，在对机动车实施数量调控的同时，条例新增规定，“本市优化道路设置和管理，减少机动车怠速和低速行驶造成的污染。”
缘由：市环保局机动车排放管理处处长李昆生曾向媒体披露过一笔账：如果全市有10万辆国2标准的汽车，每天怠速3分钟以上会排出各种污染物270公斤，一年将近100吨。这些污染物都是低空排放，会对人体健康造成直接的危害。
■名词解释
怠速：是指车辆处于驻车状态启动发动机，发动机稳定运转的最低转速。也就是只要点着火，汽车就处于怠速状态。
怠速行驶：汽车在行驶过程中，不给油，发动机的转数还维持在怠速的阶段。
新增行刑衔接机制
条款：环境保护行政主管部门与公安机关应当建立健全大气污染案件行政执法和司法衔接机制，完善案件移送、线索通报等制度。
缘由：在追究责任人的刑事责任方面，有必要建立环保机关与公安机关之间的行刑衔接机制。
尾气检测机构名单需公布
条款：机动车排放污染定期检测，由市环保行政主管部门委托的检测机构承担。市环保行政主管部门应当向社会公布检测机构名单。
缘由：在加大政府公开力度方面，增加了“公开检测机构名单”的要求。
修改内容
排污权交易改为“试点”
条款：“可以试行大气污染物排污权交易制度”修改为“可以进行大气污染排污权交易试点”。
缘由：在审议过程中，因担心发生“花钱买排污”现象，多位代表建议删除“排污权交易制度”。为了避免发生这样的情况，同时发挥市场在促进减排方面的作用，市人大法制委员会作此修改，给排污权交易这一新生事物留下了进一步完善的空间。
不保存监测数据也受罚
条款：“未按照规定公布监测数据的，由环境保护行政主管部门责令限期改正，处1万元以上10万元以下罚款”更改为“未按照规定公布或者保存监测数据的，由环境保护行政主管部门责令限期改正，处1万元以上10万元以下罚款”。
缘由：如果不按规定保存环境监测数据，同样将面临高额处罚。
实施日期修改为3月1日
条款：“本条例自公布之日起施行”修改为“本条例自2014年3月1日起施行”。
缘由：市人大法制委员会认为，要预留法规实施的准备时间，进行广泛宣传普及，不宜条例公布后就立即实施。
降PM2.5成防治工作重点
条款：“本市大气污染防治，应当以降低大气中的细颗粒物浓度为目标”，修改为“本市大气污染防治，应当以降低大气中的细颗粒物浓度为重点”。
缘由：在明确本市污染防治的工作重点方面，代表建议作此修改。市人大法制委员会采纳了这个建议。
细化政府公开条款
条款：市人民政府应当按照污染者担责和谁污染、谁治理、谁付费的原则，“确定排污费征收事项和征收标准”，修改为“确定并公布排污费征收事项和征收标准”。
市人民政府应当完善污染大气环境举报制度，“向社会公开举报电话”，修改为“向社会公开举报电话、网址等”。
全市排放总量控制的目标以及区域、重点行业和重点企业的排放总量……“向社会公布”，修改为“每年向社会公布”。
缘由：在加大政府公开力度方面，对向社会公布的时间要求更加细化，并增加了网络举报方式，鼓励社会监督。
【哪些未改】
停车熄火仍无罚则
针对“在学校、医院等八类特定地段，停车3分钟以上时应当熄火”是否需要设定处罚，代表们提出了不同意见。
对此，人大法制委员会综合代表、听证会等多方面意见，最终认为，针对停车熄火设定处罚，存在着执法主体难确定、现场取证较困难等实际问题，难以执行到位，为了维护法律的严肃性和权威性，建议不设处罚。
“禁放禁烟”未入法
审议中有多位代表提出增加“环境公益诉讼”、“举证责任倒置”、“环境损害赔偿权”，增加航空器大气污染防治、设立大气污染防治基金，增加禁止燃放烟花爆竹、禁止在公共场所吸烟等意见。
人大法制委员会表示，考虑到这些建议中，有的超出了地方立法权限、有的属于国务院管理范围、有的已经制定或者正在研究制定法规，所以未对条例做相应修改。
“按日计罚”未采纳
针对有代表建议的增加“按日计罚”的内容，法制委员会表示，由于国家《环境保护法(草案)》正在研究规定该制度，如正式颁布，执法部门可以直接依法实施按日计划。因此暂不增加“按日计罚”。
【如何执行】
针对重点问题
应下半年开展检查
多位代表提出，“法律如果实施不到位，就是形同虚设。政府要切实加强执法工作，真正做到有法必依、执法必严、违法必究。”
对此，法制委员会建议，今年上半年注重对条例进行宣传普及，完善配套性工作。下半年常委会要对条例进行执法检查，着重检查政府执法力量、执法能力和执法人员素质是否适应条例的新规定新要求；检查规范自由裁量权，制定配套执法细则，规定执法程序等情况；检查代表们关注的禁止露天烧烤、焚烧垃圾和秸秆等规定的执行情况，督促政府加强执法，做到严格管理，严惩违法。
晨报记者 邹乐 韩娜
(原标题：减少怠速污染首次入法)
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