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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/23 8:54:33 Chen xiwen： Breading can listed to let consumers have the right to
Xinhuanet, Beijing, January 22 (reporters Yu Wenjing and and Dong Jun)-22nd at a press conference of the information Office of the State Council. Deputy Head of the Central leading group on rural work, Office Director Chen and Tang Renjian, Deputy Director of the Office first, to conduct a comprehensive study of the newly released. Among them, ensuring national food security, improve the important agricultural price formation mechanisms, the establishment of a long-term mechanism for the sustainable development of agriculture, deepening the reform of rural land system and a series of community focus of attention, as reporters to focus on the issues of general interest.
To ensure grain self-sufficiency, food is absolutely safe
In recent years, China's grain production to a new step at the same time, imports continue to increase. Chen said that most notably soybeans increased imports. Is the total food imports 80.24 million tons from the year before in China, 58.38 million tons of soybean. Food imports last year was estimated at more than 90 million tons, accounted for more than 63 million tons of soybean.
First, explicitly to ensure grain self-sufficiency, food is perfectly safe. Chen explained that internationally cereals are wheat, rice and corn, food statistics in China, in addition to three grains, soybeans and potatoes were also part of the food inside, if you get the soybean is that China had little imported quantities of cereals.
"In 2013, the total grain output in China 1.2 trillion pounds or more, imported grain 2.7% was not equivalent to the proportion of domestic production of cereals, grain basic subsistence requirements consistent with the status quo. "He said," food is absolutely safe, we really value yield of more than 200 million tons of maize as a staple food, the proportion is less than 20%. Rations of absolute security, emphasis is on wheat and rice, wheat and rice imports between the specific gravity of about 2.5% per cent and imports does not mean that insufficient domestic, but because of transfers and price factors. ”
Chen said that the future they need a modest increase in soybean imports, on the other hand stressed the Chinese jobs mainly with Chinese food, mainly to install Chinese-made wheat and rice. Corn imports likely to moderate growth, so speaking of maize grain self-sufficiency is taken into account, speaking mainly speak of absolute security for rations of wheat and rice.
Food "ten continuous increases" when land to rest
"This year, a highlight is the Middle first, offering to let excessive exploitation of agricultural resources to recuperate. "Tang Renjian said, my food has" ten continuous increases ", the effectiveness, but also very large over the ecology and the environment. China's per capita arable land is equivalent to less than half the world average, per capita water resources in numbers had dropped. Use of chemical fertilizer in China the world's highest, usage is much higher than the world average, about 1.8 million tons of pesticides, agricultural film of 2.4 million tons, has resulted in soil contamination and soil fertility decline.
Chen said that how to speed up the transformation of development mode of agriculture, agriculture to achieve sustainable development, is a very prominent problem. Starting from this year will be 5 in terms of pushing the damaged land to rest.
--Heavy metals exceeded the land to take physical, chemical and biological means for processing. Produces heavy metals exceeded, affect human health in agricultural lands, you must exit the production of edible agricultural products.
--25-above steep slope cropland to cropland. China has more than 60 million acres is on sloping land in General, easily lead to soil erosion and even geological disasters.
--Shouldn't have reclaimed wetlands reclamation, gradually returning farmland to wet.
--Drinking water upstream for agricultural production but also to the exit.
--The country's 230,000 square kilometers of land due to overmining of groundwater and formed a "funnel" to strictly limit in these areas over-exploitation of groundwater, groundwater to recharge.
Important agricultural subsidies "testing the water" target price
Chen said that the price determination mechanism of our country over the years, mainly through the Government set minimum purchasing prices and the temporary purchasing decisions, protect peasant interests at the same time, domestic and international prices upside down, highlighting issues such as increased imports.
"The Central Government will reform the grain price forming mechanism, the direction of change is simply using the fixing of minimum prices and carry out temporary stockpiling of food towards implementing the target price. "Chen said.
This year we will be on cotton in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Northeast soybean price target pilot, the other under the pilot to proceed further. Published by the Government before the sowing situation and forecast of supply and demand price levels. Actual production after the results, if the price is higher than the target price, Government subsidies for urban low-income consumers are properly; when the actual market prices below the Government target price, and subsidies to farmers by the Government.
Chen said it set target prices to take into account the farmer's costs and profits, international markets and lower prices than in the domestic market, there are different varieties of domestic and foreign market share. Such as soybeans, more than 80% from the international market, factors that might look more to the international market.
Transgenic research in China cannot be left behind
Chen said that the frontiers of molecular breeding is a global life sciences technology, as a large agricultural country, China cannot lag behind scientific research must strive to catch up with the world-leading. Transgenic breeding can be listed for sale is subject to very strict auditing and to allow consumers to have a full knowledge of it.
According to Chen introduced, truly introduced transgenic edible agricultural products in the domestic market is very small. Countries are larger plantings of genetically modified organisms in China, but mainly GM cotton, edible only papayas in a variety of agricultural products. Tomatoes, bell peppers, etc are not genetically modified varieties.
"GM crops in the world now, the real in order to boost production there were not many, primarily an increase in resistance to diseases and pests, which can reduce the amount of pesticides used. "He said," in the marketing of genetically modified agricultural products, if it contains genetically modified ingredients must be labeled, by consumer discretion, this basic principle will be stuck. ”
Laws and regulations relating to rural land policies would be adjusted
The first document on 18 referred to in the decision of the third plenary session of rural land system reform has made specific arrangements. In response, Chen pointed out that promoting land reform will involve the adjustment of existing laws, regulations and policies. There are three areas requested by the third plenary session: the planning and control of rural collective-owned construction land allowed to enter the market, and the power of State-owned land with the same price; rural farmers ' land contract and mortgage-backed issues; farmers housing mortgage, guarantee and transfer of property rights.
"Collective land for construction purposes are classified into three types, land for housing, public facilities and public welfare, as well as commercial purpose, is that rural enterprises to use. Only in accordance with planning and land use control, such as township enterprises, collective land for construction purposes, this part of the land will have direct access to the market. "Chen xiwen said.
He also noted that the housing property rights referred to in the decision, did not address, but land and housing are inseparable, housing title certificate must include land inside, whether property rights included ratification of farmer to farmer housing using ' right? Need to be further explored.
Chen said these policies would gradually clear, set rules. This year, did a great job in this regard. While encouraging, the land as a production factor flows, so as to stimulate vitality, but flows to have rules, bottom line.
新华网北京1月22日电(记者于文静、董峻) 国务院新闻办公室22日举行新闻发布会。中央农村工作领导小组副组长、办公室主任陈锡文和办公室副主任唐仁健对新近公布的一号文件进行全面解读。其中，确保国家粮食安全、完善重要农产品价格形成机制、建立农业可持续发展长效机制、深化农村土地制度改革等一系列社会关注的热点，成为记者们普遍关心的焦点问题。
确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全
近年来，我国粮食产量不断迈上新台阶，与此同时，进口不断增加。陈锡文说，进口增加最主要的是大豆。我国前年进口的粮食总量是8024万吨，其中大豆占了5838万吨。去年进口的粮食估计在9000万吨以上，大豆占6300多万吨。
一号文件中明确，确保谷物基本自给，口粮绝对安全。陈锡文解释说，国际上讲谷物就是小麦、稻谷和玉米，中国的粮食统计口径，除了这三大谷物之外，还把大豆和薯类算在粮食里面，如果把大豆拿出来单算的话，中国进口的谷物数量并不大。
“2013年我国粮食总产12000亿斤以上，进口谷物相当于国内生产谷物的比重不到2.7%，谷物基本自给的要求与现状吻合。”他说，“对于口粮绝对安全，我国2亿多吨玉米产量中真正作为主食吃的比重不到20%。口粮要绝对安全，强调的是小麦和大米，小麦和大米进口比重大概在2.5%到2.6%之间，而且进口也并不是说国内不够，而是因为品种调剂和价格因素。”
陈锡文说，今后一方面要适度增加大豆进口，另一方面要强调中国人的饭碗里主要装中国粮、主要装中国产的小麦和大米。玉米进口数量可能也会适度增长，因此讲到谷物基本自给是考虑到玉米因素，讲口粮的绝对安全主要是讲小麦和大米。
粮食“十连增”后让土地休养生息
“今年中央一号文件一个突出亮点是，提出要让过度开发的农业资源得到休养生息。”唐仁健说，我国粮食已经“十连增”了，成效很大，但生态和环境的代价也非常大。我国人均耕地相当于世界平均水平不到一半，人均水资源数字逐年下降。我国化肥使用量世界最高，亩均使用量远高于世界平均水平，农药约180万吨、农膜240万吨，都造成土地污染和地力下降。
陈锡文说，如何加快农业发展方式的转变，让农业实现可持续发展，是非常突出的问题。从今年开始，将在5个方面推进受损害土地休养生息。
——对重金属超标的土地将采取物理、化学、生物手段进行处理。对于生产出重金属超标、影响人体健康的农产品的土地，必须退出食用农产品的生产。
——25度以上陡坡耕地要进行退耕还林。我国有6000多万亩是一般的坡地，容易引起水土流失甚至地质灾害。
——开垦了不该开垦的湿地，应逐步退耕还湿。
——饮用水源上游进行农业生产的也要退出。
——全国23万平方公里的土地由于超采地下水形成了“漏斗”，对这些地方要严格限制超采地下水，对地下水要进行补给。
重要农产品补贴“试水”目标价格制
陈锡文说，多年来我国的粮价决定机制，主要是通过政府制定最低收购价和临时收储价决定，在保障种粮农民利益的同时，国内国际粮价倒挂、进口增加等问题凸显。
“中央将对粮食价格的形成机制进行改革，改革的方向就是从单纯的制定最低价格和实行粮食的临时收储转向逐步实行目标价格。”陈锡文表示。
今年我国将对新疆的棉花和东北、内蒙古的大豆实行目标价格试点，其他根据试点的情况进一步推进。播种之前由政府公布供求情况和预测的价格水平。实际生产结果出来之后，如果价格高于目标价格，政府对城镇的低收入消费者进行适当补贴；当实际市场价格低于政府公布的目标价格时，由政府对农民进行补贴。
陈锡文表示，制定目标价格要综合考虑农民的成本和获利情况、国际市场和国内市场价格比较差，还有国内外各个不同品种的比重。比如大豆，80%以上来自国际市场，可能就会更多考虑国际市场的因素。
中国转基因科研不能落后
陈锡文说，分子育种是全球生命科学的前沿技术，中国作为一个农业大国不能落后，科学研究必须努力赶上世界前沿。而转基因育种能否上市销售，必须经过极其严格的审核，并要让消费者有充分的知情权。
据陈锡文介绍，国内市场真正推出的转基因食用农产品非常少。我国是转基因农产品播种面积较大的国家，但主要是转基因棉花，食用的农产品中只有木瓜这一个品种。小西红柿、彩椒等都不是转基因品种。
“目前全球的转基因作物，真正为了提高产量的还不多，主要是增强抗病虫害能力，这样可以减少农药使用量。”他说，“在销售的转基因农产品中，如果含有转基因成分，必须进行标注，由消费者自主决定，这个基本原则会长期坚持。”
涉及农村土地的法律法规政策将有所调整
此次一号文件对十八届三中全会决定中提到的农村土地制度改革作出了具体安排。对此，陈锡文指出，推进土地制度改革会涉及现行法律法规政策的调整。从三中全会提出的要求看有三方面：符合规划和用途管制的农村集体经营性建设用地允许进入市场，和国有土地同权同价；农村农民土地承包经营权抵押担保的问题；农民住房财产权的抵押、担保和转让。
“集体经营性建设用地分三类，有宅基地、公共设施和公益性用地，还有经营性用地，就是乡镇企业用地。只有符合规划和用途管制的土地，比如乡镇企业用地、集体经营性建设用地，这部分土地才可以直接进入市场。”陈锡文说。
他还指出，决定里讲到住房财产权，没有涉及地，但是地和房是不可分的，房屋产权证一定包括土地使用权在里面，农民住房财产权到底是不是包括批准给农民使用的宅基地使用权？需要进一步探讨。
陈锡文表示，这些政策将逐步理清，定出规矩。今年要做的很大工作就是这方面。一方面要鼓励，土地作为生产要素要流动，这样才能激发活力，但流动要有规矩、底线。
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