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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/23 8:54:37 Chen： China’s first transgenic rice market is unlikely
Chen xiwen, Director of the Office of the central rural work leading group yesterday in the country's new press release response to attitudes toward genetically modified agricultural products, said China is not lag behind in research of transgenic technology, genetically modified products go on sale must be scrutinized to ensure you do not produce any side effects, and to make sure consumers are fully informed. Chen said, China took the lead in consumption of genetically modified rice is unlikely.
-Publish
GM product safety needs to be discussed
Chen believes that whether through molecular breeding transgenic varieties of security needs to be discussed.
"Genetically modified, this time the public attention, discussions are also very warm, in fact this phenomenon not only in China, is happening all over the world to some extent", Chen said that "the United States population has some comments on this issue, but overall was acceptable. ”
Chen introduced, China is the world's plantings of genetically modified organisms than in larger countries, probably came in second, third in the world, but mainly GM cotton grown, truly introduced transgenic edible agricultural products is very small, only papaya, "now opinion on tomatoes, peppers, vegetables, and so on, those are not (GM)".
Chen introduced varieties of transgenic breeding aim is to make better performance and transgenic breeding true for higher yields in the world now is not too much capacity mainly for the increase in resistance to pests and diseases, and reduce the amount of pesticides used, protection of the environment.
Genetically engineered product sales consumers should be informed
Chen said the central rural work leading Group Office of basic attitudes towards genetically modified technology and industrialization has three points, the first molecular breeding is a global life sciences technologies, advanced technologies at the forefront of that China, as a large agricultural country, not lag behind in this respect, in scientific research, must strive to catch up with the world-leading.
Secondly, the Breading could go on sale, available to consumers, and must go through extremely rigorous auditing, just make sure you don't have any side effects when, before permitting the listing as a product offered to consumers, otherwise no one can decide for themselves as a commodity it out.
Again, to make sure consumers are fully informed. Sales of genetically modified agricultural products, including processed food containing genetically modified ingredients must be labeled, so that consumers know that the product is genetically modified products, or the processing of agricultural products containing genetically modified ingredients, know to buy or not to buy for the consumer decision-making, this basic principle will be stuck.
Get an interview
United States has approved the commercialization of transgenic rice
Central Agricultural University life science and Technology College Professor, and national major technology special "anti-insect transgenic rice new varieties foster" project heads forest Yongjun yesterday accept Jinghua Times reporter interview Shi introduced, Iran 2005 has commercialization planting 4,000 hectares transgenic anti-insect rice, United States early in 2000 also has approved Bayer company foster of two species anti-herbicide rice edible and feeding with security certificate, actual equivalent Yu industrialization, because in United States got certificate on can to company acts to development.
"The United States is no commercial planting was also considered for commercial interests, not like our varieties after the security certificate" Yongjun, said Lin.
Scale dissemination of transgenic technologies not yet ripe
Cheng Guoqiang, a researcher at the development research center of the State Council believes that promotion of genetically modified products with caution. From security angle see may exists hidden, this is current controversy of main, but more important of problem is strategy competition, transgenic technology itself is commercial mode of huge success, Meng mountain are, abroad company has occupy commercial mode vantage point, transgenic rice, industrialization once in domestic has policy Shang of loose, China no who enterprise can and these international big company contend, may instant between Subversion domestic species industry market layout, brings of consequences not assessment.
Cheng Guoqiang noted that current GM technology is controlled by a handful of seed industry giants, China does not have the GM technology power, nor with a mature business model, after its technology from the lab without outreach mechanisms, capital strength, there is no strategic layout, and no brand, not able to get the Chinese scientists in this market and therefore opposed the rush to promote genetically modified technology.
"From currently agricultural operating pattern see, some varieties also may not be needs promotion transgenic technology", Cheng Guoqiang pointed out that, China wheat supply balance, rice also not needs yield many, in storage capacity limited of situation Xia production high meant with price fell, farmers not is beneficiaries, and existing transgenic technology mostly for anti-insect anti-grass, abridged version increased effect, and this in China small scale family operating of situation Xia effect hard achieved, so now promotion transgenic technology is not necessary, also non-needed.
-Dialogue
Commercialization of transgenic rice plants still need to be worked out
Yesterday after the launch of the new Office, Chen xiwen, industrialization of transgenic rice to accept Jinghua times, said in an interview, GM industrialization will be based on the reaction of the various sectors of the community, the Chinese took the lead in the commercialisation of genetically modified rice is unlikely.
Reporter: Central 1th, 2010 had to put forward new GM varieties of industrialization, this document refers only to enhance molecular breeding and biotechnology development, if countries are more cautious in industrialization of genetically modified?
Chen: Yes, it is also depends on the reaction of the various sectors of the community, if you do not accept, then slowly look at, but the research could not stop, is nothing but turn it into goods that tougher, more accepted practice test.
Reporter: China's existing two safety certificates transgenic rice will expire this year, is it possible to achieve the commercial planting of genetically modified rice before it expires?
Chen xiwen: concrete is like that of the Ministry of agriculture in the tube, but as far as I know, the commercialization of GM rice all over the world there is no, so China will take the lead in eat this stuff, and I think unlikely, must be further studied.
Reporter: China's current seed markets how much foreign capital share of? Seed security worry you?
Chen: Yes, I have a problem. This breed is different, probably accounted for about three-fourths of vegetables, grain corn now one thing on, did not. Just you want to get out of a seed, genetically modified fast, everyone on the GM does not accept.
Reporter: genetically modified rice has not yet commercialized in the world, China cannot be commercialized?
Chen: I think unlikely, studies.
Links
"GM" has 5 writes "1th files"
19th certain opinions on comprehensively deepening rural reforms to accelerate the modernization of agriculture publication, it's a new century, the CPC Central Committee Department of State the 11th "1th file" locked in guiding rural reform and development.
File did not refer directly to the GM, but in terms of promoting the innovation of agricultural science and technology refer to "strengthening basic research focused on molecular breeding and biotechnology development", some observation on speculation Central attitudes towards industrialization of genetically modified.
Jinghua times, combs since 2004 11 1th, associated with agriculture, found "genetically modified" 5 times are written to the file, was first mentioned in document per cent in 2007, "strict implementation of GM food labeling system, liquid milk and other agricultural products", in which the 1th, 2007 refers to genetically modified food and biotechnology for 4 consecutive years.
2008 "start a new GMO varieties to cultivate science and technology major projects" document write 1th, 2009 document referred to the promotion of research and development and promoting industrialization of new transgenic varieties. 2010 document sets "based on scientific assessment, management according to the law, promote industrialization of genetically modified varieties" Huazhong agricultural University Rector, academician of Chinese Academy of engineering, Deng x x accept science and technology daily, said in an interview, "this is central to GM for the first time this variety improvement of keynote. ”
1th, no further mention of the following years industrialization of genetically modified varieties, referred to in document per cent in 2012, continued implementation of new GMO varieties to cultivate science and technology major projects, 1th this year, this element does not appear in the file.
-Other publications
Self-sufficient in wheat and rice more than 97%
Chen xiwen, introduction, food imports are increasing in recent years, the most important are soybeans, total food imports last year estimated at more than 90 million tons, among them more than 63 million tons of soybeans about. According to international statistical standards of food to take out the beans separate statistics, the number of China's imports of grain is not large, 13.98 million tons the previous year, slightly increased to about 15 million tons last year, domestic grain weight less than 2.7%, said that the basic subsistence.
"Stressing the Chinese jobs mainly with Chinese food, mainly wheat and rice, are mounted in China", Chen introduced wheat and rice imports currently accounted for about between 2.5% and 97% per cent self-sufficiency, which rice imports was mainly price factors, Southeast Asia's rice growing relatively fast in recent years, prices are much lower than domestic.
Soybean cotton will pilot a target price
This year 1th, file in the made advance food target price market system reform, Chen xiwen, introduced, reform of direction is from simple of developed minimum price and implemented food of temporary purchasing turned to gradually implemented target price, this year will to Xinjiang Autonomous Region of cotton and Northeast, and Inner Mongolia autonomous region of soybean first pilot, other according to pilot situation further advance, are is developed specific programme, country development and Reform Commission, and Treasury, are in for measurement.
"If in the future target prices announced last during the sales process did not meet, partly subsidized by the Government of the poor", Chen introduced, target price to take into account several factors, including the cost and profitability of farmers, poor international prices in the domestic market share of different varieties, domestic and foreign.
Hype is the development of measures
Some local hype phenomena such as land, Chen said in formulating various policies and measures, do not encourage firms to the countryside with farmers over limited arable land resources, it must be observed at all main transfer land or lease land use control, agricultural farm, without change of use.
"This year is to do a lot of work in this area", Chen said, on the one hand to encourage land as a factor of production flow, flow to stimulate energy, but there are rules, there is the bottom line. Breaking the bottom line, to the detriment of farmers ' interests, to the detriment of rural basic system, damaging the country's food security, must not be allowed.
Jinghua times, Shangxi
(Original title: GM product shall ensure that no side effects)
中央农村工作领导小组办公室主任陈锡文昨天在国新办发布会上回应对转基因农产品的态度时表示，中国在转基因技术研究上不能落后，但转基因产品上市销售必须经过严格审核，确保不会产生任何副作用，且一定要让消费者有充分的知情权。陈锡文还表示，中国率先食用转基因水稻的可能性不大。
□发布
转基因产品是否安全需要讨论
陈锡文认为，对通过分子育种产生的转基因品种到底是否安全需要讨论。
“关于转基因，这段时间社会舆论高度关注，讨论也非常热烈，其实这个现象不光在中国，一定程度上是在世界范围内发生的”，陈锡文提到，“美国民众对这个问题也有一定的议论，但是总体来看是接受的。”
陈锡文介绍，中国是世界上转基因农产品播种面积比较大的国家，大概排在全世界第二、第三位，但种植的主要是转基因棉花，真正推出的转基因食用农产品非常少，只有木瓜，“现在舆论上说的西红柿、辣椒、蔬菜等等，那些都不是(转基因)”。
陈锡文介绍，转基因育种目的是为让品种性能更好，目前全球转基因育种真正为提高产量的还不太多，主要为增强抗病虫害能力，减少农药使用量，保护环境。
转基因产品销售消费者应知情
陈锡文表示，中央农村工作领导小组办公室对转基因技术和产业化的基本态度有三点，首先分子级的育种是全球生命科学的前沿技术、先进技术，中国作为一个农业大国，在这方面不能落后，所以在科学研究上，必须努力赶上世界前沿。
其次，转基因育种能否上市销售，提供给消费者，必须经过极其严格的审核，只有确保不会产生任何副作用的时候，才可以批准上市，作为商品提供给消费者，否则任何人不能自己决定将其作为商品推出去。
再次，一定要让消费者有充分的知情权。销售的转基因农产品，包括含有转基因成分的加工食品，必须进行标注，让消费者知道这个产品是转基因产品，或者这个加工的农产品里含有转基因成分，知道之后买或不买由消费者自主决策，这个基本原则会长期坚持。
□马上就访
美国已批准转基因水稻商业化
华中农业大学生命科学技术学院教授、国家重大科技专项“抗虫转基因水稻新品种培育”项目负责人林拥军昨天接受京华时报记者采访时介绍，伊朗2005年已经商业化种植4000公顷转基因抗虫水稻，美国早在2000年也已批准拜耳公司培育的两种抗除草剂水稻食用和饲用安全证书，实际等同于产业化，因为在美国拿到证书就可以以公司行为去开发。
“美国之所以还没有商业化种植是出于商业利益的考虑，不像我们获安全证书后还要品种审定”，林拥军表示。
转基因技术规模推广尚未成熟
国务院发展研究中心研究员程国强认为，转基因产品的推广要谨慎。从安全角度看可能存在隐患，这也是当前争论的主要问题，但更重要的问题在于战略竞争，转基因技术本身是商业模式的巨大成功，孟山都等国外公司已占据商业模式制高点，转基因水稻等产业化一旦在国内有政策上的松动，中国没有一家企业能与这些国际大公司抗衡，可能顷刻间颠覆国内种业市场布局，带来的后果不可评估。
程国强指出，当前转基因技术被少数种业巨头所掌控，中国不具备转基因技术实力，也不具备成熟的商业模式，技术从实验室出来后没有推广机制、没有资本实力、没有战略布局，也没有品牌，这个市场不是中国的科学家们能够拿到的，因此反对急匆匆地推广转基因技术。
“从目前农业经营格局看，有些品种也未必需要推广转基因技术”，程国强指出，中国小麦供需平衡，水稻也不需要增产很多，在存储能力有限的情况下产量高意味着价格下跌，农民不见得是受益者，且现有转基因技术大都用于抗虫抗草等节本增效，而这在中国小规模家庭经营的情况下效果很难实现，因此现在推广转基因技术并非必要，也非急需。
□对话
转基因水稻商业化还需研究
昨天国新办发布会后，陈锡文现场就转基因水稻产业化等接受京华时报记者采访时表示，转基因产业化也会根据社会各方面的反应，中国人率先将转基因水稻商品化的可能性不大。
记者：2010年中央1号文件曾明确提出推进转基因新品种产业化，今年文件只提到加强分子育种和生物技术开发，是不是国家在转基因产业化方面的政策更加慎重？
陈锡文：对，它也是要根据社会各方面的反应，你既然不接受，慢慢再看看，但是科研不能停，无非就是把它转为商品的过程更加严格，更多接受实践的检验。
记者：中国现有的两张转基因水稻的安全证书今年就将过期，在过期之前有没有可能实现转基因水稻的商业化种植？
陈锡文：具体的事儿是农业部在管，但据我所知，全世界转基因水稻都没有商品化，所以中国会不会去带头吃这个东西，我觉得可能性不大，还要进一步研究。
记者：目前中国的种子市场外资占的份额有多少？种子安全堪忧吗？
陈锡文：是，有问题。这个品种不一样，蔬菜大概占四分之三左右，粮食上现在玉米有一点，别的还没有。一个种子不是你想弄就能弄出来的，转基因快一点，大家对转基因又不接受。
记者：转基因水稻世界上还没有商业化，中国也不可能商业化？
陈锡文：我觉得不大可能，还得研究。
■链接
“转基因”曾5次写入“1号文件”
本月19日关于全面深化农村改革加快推进农业现代化的若干意见发布，这是新世纪以来中共中央国务院第11次把“1号文件”锁定在指导农村改革和发展上。
文件中没有直接提到转基因，但在推进农业科技创新方面提到要“加强以分子育种为重点的基础研究和生物技术开发”，一些观察就此揣测中央对转基因产业化的态度。
京华时报记者梳理2004年至今11份与农业相关的1号文件，发现“转基因”曾5次被写入文件，最早是2007年的1号文件提到“严格执行转基因食品、液态奶等农产品标识制度”，其中2007年至2010年的1号文件连续4年提到转基因食品和转基因技术。
2008年“启动转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项”写入1号文件，2009年1号文件提到促进加大研发转基因新品种并促进产业化。2010年1号文件提出“在科学评估、依法管理基础上，推进转基因新品种产业化”，当时华中农业大学校长、中国工程院院士邓秀新接受科技日报采访时表示，“这是中央文件第一次给转基因这一品种改良途径的发展定基调。”
此后几年的1号文件没有再提及转基因品种产业化，2012年的1号文件提到继续实施转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项，这一内容在今年的1号文件中没有出现。
□其他发布
小麦大米97%以上自给
陈锡文介绍，近年粮食进口在增加，最主要的是大豆，去年进口的粮食总量估计在9000万吨以上，其中大豆约占6300多万吨。如果按国际粮食统计口径把大豆拿出来单独统计，中国进口的谷物数量并不大，前年是1398万吨，去年略增至约1500万吨，占国内谷物比重不到2.7%，可以说基本自给。
“强调中国人的饭碗里主要装中国粮，主要是装中国生产的小麦和大米”，陈锡文介绍，目前小麦和大米的进口占比约在2.5%到2.6%之间，97%以上自给，其中大米进口主要是价格因素导致，东南亚的大米近几年增长比较快，价格也确实比国内低得多。
大豆棉花将试点目标价
今年1号文件中提出推进粮食目标价格市场制度改革，陈锡文介绍，改革的方向就是从单纯的制定最低价格和实行粮食的临时收储转向逐步实行目标价格，今年将对新疆自治区的棉花和东北、内蒙古自治区的大豆先行试点，其他根据试点情况进一步推进，现正在制定具体方案，国家发改委、财政部等都在进行测算。
“如果将来公布的目标价格最后在销售过程中没有达到，差的这部分由政府补贴”，陈锡文介绍，目标价格要考虑几个因素，包括农民的成本和获利情况、国际国内市场价格比较差、国内外各个不同品种的比重等。
针对炒作土地正制定措施
针对一些地方炒作土地等现象，陈锡文表示在抓紧制定各种政策措施，不鼓励公司企业到农村去跟农民争夺有限的耕地资源，任何主体流转土地或租赁土地都必须坚持用途管制，农地农用，不能随意改变用途。
“今年要做的很大的工作就是这方面”，陈锡文表示，一方面要鼓励土地作为生产要素流动，流动才能激发活力，但要有规矩，要有底线。突破底线，损害农民利益，损害农村的基本制度，损害国家的粮食安全，绝对不能允许。
京华时报记者商西
(原标题：转基因产品上市须确保无副作用)
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