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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/23 8:54:55 Chinese dream · my dreams： a father and son have been 35 years of research of hybrid rape
National hundreds of Web sites looking for "dreamer" reports (Hunan's rednet)
Shen Changjian: father and son have been 35 years of research of hybrid rape dream as well as "a big step"
Red net reporter Zeng Xiaoying
And dream up is never easy. Heard himself referred to as is typical of the Chinese dream, yangqiao village, linlixian Cedar Township in Hunan province 47 year old farmer Shen Changjian embarrassed. Farmer and his son rape research, prior to this, many people "not to say we ' dream catcher ', but that ' dream '. ”
35 sons in succession, only to dream of a strain of rapeseed. Newspaper headlines, CCTV news ... ... Acclaim and fame followed. However, said Shen Changjian, distance themselves with dreams are "not far from a big step closer."
Despite media reports called the "Super rape", Shen Changjian cultivated varieties are still waiting for the new crop species validation. Shall not be put into operation, have no benefits. Over several years of the validation program, sample testing and refinement of the tasks require significant funding effort. Due to a lack of money, Shen Chang built rapeseed breeding can only "walk slowly" through validation of the length of time may be required.
It's been 35 years, the family studying rape, earned a reputation, make tired, is not to make money. Shen Changjian's wife Zhu Chungui couldn't help but interject here: maybe now his village is the largest in fame, it is estimated that people who are in debt up to.
Annoying, Shen Changjian persuaded his wife to convince yourself. Rape, rape in the end have to talk, "fame and don't have a child relationship. ”
35, "a study of rape"
In fact, fame, not right away. Road to hardship in farmers ' breeding, the "tree rape" brought pride, regardless of size, is 35 years, supported Shen Kequan father and son go power.
Go back in time to 35 years ago, said Shen Changjian, father Shen Kequan 1978 beekeeping in Guizhou province found several strains of wild rape grew particularly well, to cultivate new rapeseed species in their hometowns. "Beekeeping has come up with a new variety" folks were amazed, old Shen became famous in the village.
Shen Changjian was 22 years old, might be curious, always likes to touch his father was praised by several strains of rape. Unexpectedly, this touch is 35 years.
By the year 1982, just land to farmers are motivated by the new Shen Kequan because high-yield seeds, and very popular. County Farm Bureau to the countryside and transposition of agricultural cadres Tan Youbin heard, Maxivista Shen Kequan systematic breeding of new species, giving agricultural science books, teaching research methods, led into the cultivation of hybrid rape Shen Kequan gate.
Rape has both stamens and pistils, often self-pollination. In order to breed hybrid rapeseed flowers, must find a CMS only pistils and stamens abortion. Shen Kequan, from the mining of Guizhou rapeseed, sterile germplasm of rare material, Shen Kequan named "expensive wild a" sterile, began the path of hybrid rape research. This time, Pat Heung, Shi Li Shen Kequan really became famous.
Even the wife He Xiuying, an ordinary woman, Shen Kequan rape research. With any breeding, along with the data and study notes. Shen Changjian find father Shen Kequan second Cole notes, title page says, "a study of rape – Shen Kequan 1978, He Xiuying 1984". "My mother is not at all know began to learn", Shen Changjian between the emotion and pride.
Into the 90 's, Shen Kequan breeding hybrid rapeseed grew and grew. In 1990, Shen Wenxiang in Linli County Association Secretary-General, assisted by Shen Kequan, who created the linlixian rural applied technology Research Institute and the Association for the study of linlixian rape, mainly in the major oilseed rape growers in the County of new hybrid combinations in experiment and demonstration.
Driving profitable little son Shen Changjian, also often called home to help dig into rape. Then Shen Changjian opening CMB can earn 200 Yuan a day, "had never been so prosperous life".
By the year 1996, and for rape study carried debt down. His father Shen Kequan persuasion, Shen Changjian bite the bullet and sell CMB, car home with 30,000 yuan of specialized rape research and development. Rapeseed breeding does not make money. In addition to the five or six mu of rations and vegetable fields, Shen Changjian family livelihood depends on son and daughter-in-law Zhu Chungui rest period to go out doing small business supplement.
After being used to drive out to make more money easily, in fact, in their hometown of Shen Changjian are not willing to spend all day on a few acres of rape to be poor. But one little thing confirmed his father's determination to go ahead: perhaps because Shen Jiaxin seeds obtained rapeseed harvest, father Shen Kequan folks from "old Shen" became "old Shen".
Then called "Shen-old" more, even there are people all over the country to beg for Shen's seed. Before canceling, and rapeseed harvests are often farmers a vital source of cash to pay agricultural tax. An acre of land by using fewer workers, the extra dozens of pounds of vegetable seeds, shenjia around the parent-child has developed new types of farmers rushing to TT.
Could you please also come. Some say farmers could not come up with the new hybrid combinations, found to be selling fake seeds, to a fine of 8,000 yuan, also said he would go to jail. Beard, white with Shen Kequan was crying in public, "farmers cannot do science? ”
Cry and then went on with the work. No professional equipment, Shen Kequan and his son can only rely on more detailed field observations, records sum up regularly. In 2004, the breeding of Shen Kequan and his son, "your wild a" sterile material of Brassica napus new combinations of national invention patent certificate. In 2007, Shen Kequan cultivation take their massive rape "armed with" the 12th International rapeseed Conference in Wuhan, has caused quite a stir.
December 10, 2009, 70, Shen Kequan died due to illness, leaving the charge was rape. Shen Changjian remembers his father died saying "rape don't leave, will succeed"; also hope after rape breeding success, has been helping his cast of veteran Shen Wenxiang, writing a book for himself and rapeseed.
Next thing is nothing more than insist on rape breeding. But slowly, Shen Changjian and rape story attracted more and more public attention. Front of the camera, under the spotlight, Shen Changjian faces some stiff, and tells stories of rape.
"Are actually Professional (rape) on the matter, said that didn't mean much. Not in the field ", October 30, sent to serve their own involves a county party Secretary, Shen Changjian replaced Patten, move on to the next field.
Dreams on the road are "not far from a big step closer"
"Shen's out! "Now go out, Shen Changjian always hear folks behind us, it said. Expecting to find leadership requested support also seems easier.
Rape is not known but can be solved, Shen's pace of oilseed rape breeding business as usual and difficult business as usual. Shen Changjian explained that "research is the research and development", breeding, not confident or less general interest to try and a cut in several sets of data. Dream, Shen Changjian self-supporting, there are "not far from a big step closer"
Shen Changjian breed of hybrid rapeseed "oil mixed Shen", 202, new species, even ordinary cultivation, break the yield of 200 kg mark. And because of sparse planting, plant only 2,200 per acre, can save a lot of field management workforce. Cole, suited to work and want to grab some more income in the fields of farmers, should have enough to compete.
However, from 2000 onwards under the seeds Act, has been adopted both national and provincial level validation of new seeds are not allowed to promote, produce and enter the circulation. In other words, has not generated any revenue. For farmer breeders, this is a terrible ordeal.
Shen Changjian new samples to pass validation requires at least 3-5 years. Screening experiment of a year or two years testing, followed by the production testing. Validation procedure itself is free of charge, samples of each link requires a large amount of contrast, high standards of management and sample test, which implies continued strong financial and human investment.
Now Shen Changjian "Shen oils miscellaneous", 202 in region test link, five acres of 300 individual samples in the inspection of plots, 200 yuan each sample submitted for once; 300-acre demonstration movies still owes more than 20,000 in wages and fertilizer in the fertilization of another 20,000 of money right away ... ... Shen Changjian, already 35 years without earnings, "eating, research can only rely on borrowing". For more than 30 years, Shen Kequan, Shen Changjian father and son raise research funds of more than 1.5 million Yuan, Government also financed in these few years, Shen House owe a lot of debt, "almost all the relatives take over. ”
His wife Zhu Chungui said that in August or September of this year, are calling internship little daughters not living back at home but could not come up with the money that he put down the phone and cried. Zhu Chungui in order to save money, though six years ago to taking experimentation shed broke her waist, what up to now has been on work first, "How dry I am a worker, they spent less money. ”
Expert Lee Berry Academy of rapeseed in Hunan province researchers told reporters that the breeding is a rigorous scientific, but is fraught with uncertainty, "like art or even gambling." Even in scientific research institutes, with adequate resources are protected, not researchers, we also cultivate a new species. And rape is Monoecious, self pollination and cross-breeding has become much harder.
Farmer breeders, breeding barriers is higher. Research unit lab allows new rearing better equipment and higher investment, greater scale to avoid detours, Lee Berry said that even in the West, and some giant seed company, has spliced DNA directly in the laboratory, "custom" crop has some excellent character. Breeders and farmers can only rely on persistence and luck.
"You cannot crop the validation, is out the window," Lee Berry said, if the validation failed, seeds of the same DNA does not again participate in validation. Increasing input, very uncertain benefits, increasing the competition threshold, fewer and fewer farmers Shen Changjian breeders. "Like Li Denghai, King of hybrid corn, the breeder by the farmers to seed giant's story may be hard to copy. ”
"That is none of your business", Shen Changjian said their rape breeding may have to "walk", but it will go on forever.
"If the West, 9,981 difficult, I may have to the 80th. ”
The "tree rape" in dreams
Look, their being called "by dreamers," typical ", Shen Changjian total look sloppy. Breeding success, seed listing promotion, leisure time Shen Changjian and often for his portrayal of the dream at that moment.
35 road of rape has received too much and good people with the help of experts. Through validation, it is important to hold a press conference to pleasing everyone, get everyone to witness the best "daughters" Grand.
"I can't be a Li Denghai, don't seed company". Now the seeds through validation, Shen Changjian said it would sell the seed companies to develop, to hold their money rolling development of the next generation of new hybrid rapeseed combinations, "the next goal is to yield of 300 kg. ”
Before these, Shen Changjian most want to do is, take the seeds through validation and report to look at the graves of the fathers to the father.
In 2009, after the death of his father Shen Kequan, wills was buried in plots on the hillside opposite, "so my dad can watch us every day that rape. ”
"I cannot afford to fail", said Shen Changjian.
全国百家网站寻找“追梦人”报道(湖南红网)
沈昌健：父子相继35年研究杂交油菜 离梦想还有“一大步”
红网记者 曾小颖
能与梦想扯上边的事从来都不会容易。听说自己被称作是中国梦的典型，湖南临澧县柏枝乡杨桥村47岁的农民沈昌健有些尴尬。农民父子搞油菜科研，在此之前，许多人“不是说我们父子‘追梦’，而是说‘做梦’。”
35年父子相继，只为一株油菜的梦想。报纸头条、央视新闻……赞誉与声名接踵而至。然而，沈昌健说，自己与梦想的距离还有“不远不近一大步”。
尽管在媒体报道中被称作“超级油菜”，沈昌健培育的新品种其实还在等待作物新种审定。不得投产，也无从获益。长达几年的审定程序中，样本送检和精细化的田间管理都需要大量资金精力。由于缺钱，沈昌建的油菜育种只能“慢慢走”，通过审定所需的时间也许会格外长。
这35年来，一家人钻研油菜，赚了名声也赚了累，就是没赚到钱。沈昌健的妻子朱春贵忍不住插一句：也许现在自家在乡里是名气最大的，但估计也是背债最多的人家。
要耐得烦，沈昌健说服妻子也说服自己。油菜的事，最后还是靠油菜说话，“这和名气没得么子关系吧。”
35年，“一棵油菜的研究”
其实，名气不是现在才有的。在农民育种的艰辛之路上，“一棵油菜”每次带来的骄傲，不论大小，都是35年来支持沈克泉父子俩走下去的动力。
时间倒回35年前，沈昌健说，父亲沈克泉1978年在贵州养蜂发现几株长势特别好的野油菜，带回乡要培育油菜新种。“养蜂还搞出个油菜新品种”，乡亲们啧啧称奇，老沈在村里出了名。
那时沈昌健十一二岁，也许是好奇，总喜欢去摸摸父亲被人称赞的那几株油菜。没想到，这一摸就是35年。
到了1982年，刚刚分田到户的农民们干劲十足，沈克泉的油菜新种子因为高产、省工而大受欢迎。当时县农业局下乡挂职的农技干部谭友斌听说后，手把手教沈克泉如何系统性的选育新种，赠送农科书籍，传授科研方法，把沈克泉带进了杂交油菜培育的大门。
油菜花中既有雄蕊又有雌蕊，常常是自花受粉。要想培育出杂交油菜花，必须找出一种只有雌蕊而雄蕊败育的雄性不育系。而沈克泉从贵州采回的油菜，正是难得的不育系种质材料，沈克泉为其命名为“贵野A”不育系，开始了杂交油菜科研之路。这回沈克泉真在十里八乡出名了。
就连老伴何秀英，一个普通农妇，也被沈克泉带着搞起了油菜科研。一起下田育种，一起记录数据和做学习笔记。沈昌健找出父亲沈克泉第二本油菜笔记，扉页上写着“一棵油菜的研究——沈克泉1978，何秀英1984”。“我娘是一点不懂开始自学的”，沈昌健又是感慨又是自豪。
进入90年代，沈克泉的杂交油菜选育越做越大。1990年，在当时临澧县科协秘书长的沈文祥协助下，沈克泉等人创建了临澧县农村实用技术研究所和临澧县油菜研究协会，主要在县内各大油菜种植户中开展杂交油菜新组合的试验示范。
在外开车赚钱的小儿子沈昌健也常被叫回家帮忙钻研油菜。那时沈昌健开中巴一天能挣上200元，过着“从没那么富裕过的生活”。
到了1996年，家里为搞油菜研究欠债扛不下去。在父亲沈克泉的劝说下，沈昌健咬咬牙，卖掉中巴，带着三万元卖车款回家专门搞油菜研发。油菜育种不赚钱。除了五六亩口粮田和菜地，一家人的生计就靠儿子沈昌健和儿媳朱春贵农闲时外出做些小生意贴补。
在外过惯了开车赚大钱的轻松日子，其实回乡的沈昌健并不甘心成天对着几亩油菜受穷。但一件小事坚定了他跟着父亲干下去的决心：也许是因为种沈家新种子获得了油菜大丰收，父亲沈克泉在乡亲们口中从“老沈”变成了“沈老”。
接下来叫“沈老”的更多了，甚至全国各地都有人来讨要沈家的种子。在取消农业税之前，油菜收成往往是农民缴纳农业税的重要现金来源。能让一亩地少用几个工、多收几十斤菜籽，沈家父子培育出的油菜新种成了各地农民抢着要的香饽饽。
可麻烦也随之上门。有人说农民不可能搞出杂交油菜新组合，认定是在卖假冒伪劣种子，要罚款8000元，还说要坐牢。胡子都白了的沈克泉气得当众哭起来，“难道农民就不能搞科研？”
哭过之后还得接着干。没有专业仪器，沈克泉父子只能靠更详细的田间观察，凭记录总结规律。2004年，沈克泉父子繁育的“贵野A”不育系材料油菜新组合获国家发明专利证书。2007年，沈克泉带着自己培育的巨型油菜“独闯”在武汉召开的第12届国际油菜大会，引起了不小的轰动。
2009年12月10日，70岁的沈克泉因病去世，留下的嘱咐全是油菜。沈昌健记得父亲临死都在说“油菜不要丢，一定会成功”；还希望油菜育种事业成功后，一直帮自己的科协老干部沈文祥，能为自己和油菜写本书。
接下来的事无非还是坚持油菜育种。但慢慢地，沈昌健一家与油菜的故事吸引了越来越多的公众目光。镜头前、聚光灯下，沈昌健表情有些拘谨，一次次讲诉油菜的故事。
“其实都是专业(油菜)上的事，说多了也没意思。成不成都在田里”，10月30日，送走来为自己鼓劲的县委书记，沈昌健换上套鞋继续下田。
梦想在路上 还有“不远不近一大步”
“沈家熬出头了！”现在只要出门，沈昌健总能听见乡亲在身后说。自己想找领导请求支持，似乎也更容易了。
但油菜的事不是名气可以解决的，其实沈家油菜育种的步伐照旧，难度也照旧。沈昌健解释说，“科研就是科研”，育种的事不是自己有信心或大家关心就可以少试验一年少几组数据的。离梦想实现，沈昌健自承，还有“不远不近一大步”
沈昌健培育出的杂交油菜“沈油杂”202、819等新种，即使普通种植，突破了亩产200公斤的大关。而且因为稀疏种植，每亩植株仅2200株，可以节约大量田间管理的劳动力。这样的油菜，适合要打工又想在田里多抓些收入的农家，应当有足够的竞争力。
然而，从2000年起根据种子法，未通过国省两级审定的作物新种子，一律不得推广、生产和进入流通环节。换而言之，没有任何收益。对于农民育种家而言，这是一个可怕的煎熬。
沈昌健的新样品想要通过审定至少需要长达三到五年。一年的筛选试验、两年的区域试验、其后还有生产试验。审定程序本身是免费的，可每个环节都需要大量的对比样本，高标准的田间管理和样本检测，这些都意味着持续高强度的资金与人力投入。
现在沈昌健的“沈油杂”202、819已进入区域试验环节，五亩送检试验田里有300个单株样本，每个样本送检一次就是200元；300亩的示范片里还欠着两万多的工钱，马上要施肥又是两万的肥料钱……而沈昌健一家，已经35年没有主业收入而言，“吃饭靠田，科研就只能靠借”。30多年来，沈克泉、沈昌健父子俩自筹科研经费150多万元，这几年政府也常有资助，可沈家里欠下了不少债，“几乎所有亲戚都借遍了。”
妻子朱春贵说，就在今年八九月间，正在实习的小女儿没有生活费了打电话回来，家里却怎么也凑不出钱，自己放下电话就哭了。而朱春贵为了节约工钱，尽管六年前就为搭试验棚摔伤了腰，到现在都一直是有啥粗活自己先上，“我多干一个工，就少花一个工的钱。”
湖南省农科院作油菜专家李莓研究员告诉记者，育种是一门严谨的科研，但充满着不确定性，“像艺术甚至赌博”。即使在科研院所，有着充分的资源保障下，也有研究人员一辈子都培育不出一个新种。而油菜是雌雄同株、自花授粉，杂交育种更是难上加难。
对于农民育种家，育种的壁垒就更高了。科研单位的新种培育可以凭借实验室里更好的设备和更高的投入、更大的规模来少走弯路，李莓称，甚至在西方和一些巨型种业公司，已经在实验室里直接拼接DNA，来“定制”作物某种优良品性了。而农民育种家只能靠坚持与运气。
“不能通过作物审定，则前功尽弃”，李莓称，如果审定不合格，相同DNA的种子不能再次参加审定。越来越高的投入，极不确定的收益，越来越高的竞争门槛，都让沈昌健这样的农民育种家越来越少。“像杂交玉米大王李登海那样，由农民育种家到种业巨头的故事也许再难复制。”
“那是别人的事”，沈昌建说自己的油菜育种也许得“慢慢走”，但怎么也会走下去。
“如果拿西天取经比，九九八十一难，我也许到到第八十难了吧。”
“一棵油菜”里的梦想
听着自家被称作“逐梦者”典型，沈昌健总表情不太自然。等到育种成功了，种子能上市推广了，闲暇时沈昌健也常为自己描绘梦想实现的那一刻。
35年的油菜之路得到了太多专家和好人的帮助。通过审定了，一定要办一个发布会来告慰大家，把所有人都请来见证，最好“像嫁女儿那样”盛大。
“我当不了李登海，也搞不起种子公司”。等现在的种子通过审定了，沈昌健说会卖给种子公司开发，自己则拿着资金去滚动开发下一代油菜杂交新组合，“接下来的目标是亩产300公斤。”
当然在这些之前，沈昌健最想做的是，拿着通过审定的种子和报告书，去父亲的坟头给父亲看看。
2009年父亲沈克泉逝世后，按遗嘱葬在了试验田对面的山坡上，“这样父亲就可以天天看着我们的油菜了。”
“我不能辜负”，沈昌健说。
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