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The author:(作者)delvpublished in(发表于) 2014/1/23 8:59:14 Taiyuan insured unit into a private restaurant， menu including clocks， such as abalone dishes
, Hangzhou, Beijing, Shanxi and other celebrities and cultural sites within the luxury clubhouse, because public resources "personal" triggered strong dissatisfaction of the masses, have been shut down. Recently, this reporter found, because of the complex property rights, lack of inputs, poor supervision, "Wen" to "Club" phenomenon is particularly serious in the city, County and district-level cultural relics.
The chaos
Municipal insurance units into a high-end private restaurant, are expensive on the menu dishes
Located in yingze district, Taiyuan, Shanxi, hat Lane, 27th in Taiyuan City cultural relics protection unit "Bank of Shansi-suiyuan railway site" is important in Shanxi in the period of the Bank. Last June, turned into "Hui-House", set "eat, drink, play" in one of the recreation Hall, become a hot topic for local people.
Lease this Dragon-Hui of Shanxi cultural media co said Liu Xiaodong, head, this "House" originally designed for consumers includes high, middle and low, upscale consumer 360 Yuan per capita. Last year, the site soon after repair works that media exposure, followed by Taiyuan municipality stopped operating. It has been 3 months, is waiting for liquidation of rectification.
Meanwhile, another the Taiyuan municipal conservation units "King Mansion" are still open. Xihua gate is located in Taiyuan City, 6th alley "residence of King" is not prepossessing, alley does not have any presentation, only the rows of red lanterns hanging. "King Mansion" Yan Xishan hotel, formerly known as Commander of the tenth Legion and garrison commander Wang Jingguo mansion of Taiyuan, Taiyuan, now claims to be the highest-end "a private restaurant".
When reporters entered the hotel to see its architecture mainly brick red wood, water wall, Dragon Wall, beautifully carved wall surface. Hallway where "King Mansion stored value card offers" shows that the minimum amount of stored value is 10,000 yuan cash credit can earn 3,888 Yuan more than 70,000 yuan, "King Mansion a special wine bottle", one-time only discounts are available for consumption of more than 4,000 yuan to give back. Reporters saw on the menu, "best dry abalone 988 per person", "den 798/example", there are many clocks, dishes, such as abalone, dried terrapin, deer.
The root causes
Grade less, protection requirements, ownership of heritage complex and long-term inadequate protection
2011 National Heritage Board introduced the State-owned cultural relics protection units of business activity management regulations (trial) provides that the State-owned cultural relics protection units of business activities forbidden to betray the public cultural property may not be leasing, Contracting, transfer and mortagage of cultural relics protection units in order for profit for commercial development.
Countries under the ban, how to implement these units make up? Reporters found that this unit is most often for lower-level cultural relics of the city, County and district level, and there are less funds ownership complex, protection of cultural relics, a lack of protection for a long time or for any other use.
First of all, complex, chronic lack of protection of property rights is currently faced by lower-level status. Xiaodong Liu, said that "the Bank of Shansi-suiyuan railway site" prior to 1986 is Taiyuan branch office locations, property owned by the Shanxi administration of section chiefs. 1986, is administered by the food Street, Taiyuan City management company, site of a layer is the hotel, the second layer of the roof had collapsed. In April 2012, the original leaseholders "three good haode poly restaurant" unable to repair, Liu Xiaodong and food Street, Taiyuan City management company signed a lease contract of 3 years, the annual rent of more than 100,000 yuan, and subsequently invested more than 7 million Yuan to repair, eventually becoming "the Whitney Mansion".
In addition, the heritage the serious shortage of funds, lax enforcement of heritage is also a major dilemma facing lower-level cultural relic protection. Introduced since China's cultural relics "territorial management, rating, is responsible for" system to protect funds for government investment. A case study of Shanxi, thousands of State security and the provincial units are still 60% more urgent maintenance, protection, and has more than 9,000 locations in 119 counties, county-level units (cities, districts), only more than 40 counties protection requirements incorporated into the present budget of heritage.
According to the cultural relics protection law, rational utilization of municipal conservation units, subject to approval by the Administrative Department for cultural relics. This reporter learned that, "Bank of Shansi-suiyuan railway site" repairs so far without the approval of Taiyuan City, Shanxi province, and the cultural relics Department. "Supervision of the cultural sector did not do well, each unit has custody, for acts of breach repairs could not have been unaware. "Primary relics workers who who asked not to be named said.
Crack
Draw a clear authority and responsibility, perfecting the claim system of heritage, enhance conservation funding guarantee
In this regard, the basic-level cultural relic protection and experts recommend, avoid "text" to "Club", an urgent need to improve the heritage claim system, clear authority and accountability of management, to ensure funding for enhanced heritage preservation.
Investigative journalist learned that ancient building in Shanxi province as an example, more than old building up to more than 28,000 locations, because of funding and lack of repair teams, even though protection for 10% per cent of maintenance, completed over more than 20 each year, 140 years to complete. Therefore, in recent years, Shanxi has been exploring the lower-level cultural relics of ancient building to "adopt" approach.
"Adoption is low grade road of ancient building protection, but to prevent go from one extreme to the other. "In quwo County, Shanxi province cultural relics Bureau, former Director of Sun Yonghe said that from 2011, the local cultural relics Department selection 6 higher value, there is an urgent need to protect County buildings organize local entrepreneurs to reclaim, repairs. In the meantime, in quwo County people's Congress enacted the ancient architecture in quwo County has claimed protection interim measures, local rules and forms for confirmation.
Sun Yong and recommendations to avoid artifacts get rid of "snub" after being over-exploited, departments of cultural relics must be claimed in the course, to claim eligibility for protection, repair design, tendering, construction processes, strict review of signed claims agreements and other links check.
Xu Gaozhe, Director of Shanxi Provincial Bureau of cultural relics administrative regulations, Shanxi cultural relics have been claimed as a five-year legislative plan project, it is proposed to allow municipal and county levels and there is no level of heritage accepted private capital to claim, but to ensure that the heritage is claimed, unchanged, the public use of property rights remains unchanged, it is prohibited to be used as hotels and private clubs.
(,, Xinhua News Agency Taiyuan January 22-journalist Liang Xiaofei, Wang Xuetao)
北京、杭州、山西等地名人故居和文化遗址内的高档会馆，由于把公共资源“私人化”，引发群众强烈不满，正相继被关停。记者日前调查发现，由于产权复杂、投入不足、监管不力，“文保”变“会所”现象，在市、县、区级文物中尤为严重。
乱象
市级文保单位变成高端私家菜馆，菜单上不乏名贵菜品
位于山西太原市迎泽区帽儿巷27号的太原市文物保护单位“晋绥铁路银行旧址”，是民国时期山西的重要银行。去年6月，摇身一变为“惠公馆”，成了集“吃、喝、玩”于一体的娱乐会馆，成为当地群众的热议话题。
承租这一文保单位的山西龙城惠文化传媒有限公司负责人刘晓东说，该“公馆”最初设计的消费人群包括高、中、低三档，其中高档消费人均360元起。去年，旧址修复工程结束不久即被媒体曝光，随后被太原市政府叫停营业。至今已有3个多月，正在等待清算整改。
与此同时，另一家太原市级文保单位“王公馆”，却仍在正常营业。地处太原市西华门6号一条小巷子里的“王公馆”并不起眼，巷子口没有任何介绍，只挂着一排排红灯笼。“王公馆”酒店的前身是阎锡山第十兵团司令兼太原守备司令王靖国的公馆，如今号称是太原市最高端的“私家菜馆”。
记者进入酒店时看到，其建筑大都为青砖红木，内有水壁、龙壁，墙面雕刻精美。走廊处摆放着“王公馆储值卡优惠活动”显示，其最低储值金额为1万元，现金充值7万元以上可获赠3888元的“王公馆特供酒一瓶”，一次性消费4000元以上才可享受优惠回馈。记者在菜单上看到，“极品干鲍988元／位”、“窝里壮798元／例”，不乏鲍鱼、鳖、鹿脯等名贵菜品。
根源
文物等级低、保护经费少、权属复杂、长期保护不力
2011年国家文物局出台的《国有文物保护单位经营性活动管理规定(试行)》规定，国有文物保护单位经营性活动禁止背离公共文化属性；不得租赁、承包、转让、抵押文物保护单位，以营利为目的进行商业开发。
国家禁令之下，这些文保单位如何实现变身？记者调查发现，此类文保单位大都为市、县、区级的低等级文物，且存在文物权属复杂、保护经费少、长期保护不力或挪作他用的情况。
首先，产权复杂、长期缺乏保护是目前低等级文保面临的现状。刘晓东介绍说，“晋绥铁路银行旧址”在1986年以前是太原市科干局的办公场所，产权归山西省直机关管理局。1986年至2012年，由太原市食品街管理公司负责管理，旧址的一层一直是饭店，二层房顶已经坍塌。2012年4月，原承租单位“三善豪德聚饭庄”无力修缮，刘晓东与太原市食品街管理公司签署了承租3年的合同，每年租金10余万元，随后投入700多万元进行修缮，最终变身为“惠公馆”。
另外，文物保护经费严重不足、文物执法不严也是低等级文物保护面临的一大困境。由于我国文物实行“属地管理、分级负责”体制，保护经费以政府投入为主。以山西为例，近千座国保和省保单位尚有60%以上亟待维修保护，有着9000多处市、县级文保单位的119个县(市、区)中，只有40多个县将文物保护经费纳入本级财政预算。
按照文物保护法规定，市级文保单位的合理利用，须经相应的文物行政部门批准。但记者了解到，“晋绥铁路银行旧址”的修缮至今未经山西省和太原市文物部门批准。“文物部门的监管没有做好，每个文保单位都有看管员，对于违规修缮行为不可能不知道。”一位不愿透露姓名的基层文物工作者说。
破解
划清权责，完善文物认领制度，增强文物保护的经费保障
对此，基层文物保护人士和专家建议，避免“文保”变“会所”，亟须完善文物认领制度，建立权责清晰的管理办法，增强文物保护的经费保障。
记者调查了解到，以古建大省山西为例，古建筑多达28000余处，由于资金和修缮队伍的缺乏，即使对其中10%即2800处进行保护维修，每年完成20余处，也得140年才能修完。因此，近年来，山西一直在探讨低等级文物古建的“领养”办法。
“领养是低等级古建保护的必由之路，但要防止从一个极端走到另一个极端。”山西省曲沃县文物局原局长孙永和说，从2011年起，当地文物部门便遴选了6处价值较高、迫切需要保护的县级文保古建筑，组织当地企业家予以认领、修缮。其间，曲沃县人大常委会还制定了《曲沃县古建筑认领保护暂行办法》，用地方法规的形式予以确认。
孙永和建议，要避免文物摆脱“冷落”后再被过度开发，文物部门就必须在认领过程中，对认领保护人的资格、修缮方案设计、招标过程、施工过程、签署认领协议等各个环节进行严格审查把关。
山西省文物局行政法规处处长许高哲称，山西已把文物认领作为五年立法规划项目，拟允许市、县级以下和没有级别的文物接受民间资本认领，但要保证文物被认领后，产权不变、公益性用途不变，严禁将其作为饭店和私人会所。
(据新华社太原1月22日电记者梁晓飞、王学涛)
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