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The author:(作者)delv
published in(发表于) 2014/1/27 9:10:02
Zhejiang people H7N9 cases this year than last year

Hangzhou Zhejiang Province, entered a period of high incidence of influenza human infection H7N9 than last year with the first half of this year H7N9 H1N1 influenza virus of the genus different from H5N1

Trainee reporter Zheng Qiwen mapping of Tang Wei-Jie

Times dispatch informed the health family planning Commission of Zhejiang Province yesterday, the province newly confirmed 2 additional cases of human infection H7N9 avian influenza, from Hangzhou and huzhou.

So far this year amounts to added H7N9 avian flu infection cases in our province, 49 cases have exceeded last year's total (46 patients).

Yesterday, the reporter visited the fever clinic in city hospitals. Medical staff said the recent increase in flu patients, the vast majority of ordinary flu. Disease control experts in Hangzhou City, Hangzhou has now entered a period of high incidence of influenza.

　　I added 2 new cases of human infection cases H7N9

2 new cases of human infection in our province H7N9 avian influenza situation is as follows:

Patients with these, male, 40 years old, Yuhang district of Hangzhou people, January 25 confirmed human infection H7N9 avian influenza cases. For critical condition, in a hospital in Hangzhou.

With gold, male, aged 65, huzhou deqing people January 25 confirmed human infection H7N9 avian influenza cases. Condition, and a hospital in Hangzhou.

Hangzhou City disease control experts said yesterday that the current outbreak is still distributed, there is no evidence that Homo habilis descendant H7N9 avian influenza, is infection with the virus in poultry, the pollution of the environment is an important source of infection.

From the 24th of this month, city full suspension of live poultry trade. Last year, closed for the first time when trading live poultry in Hangzhou, academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering, said Li Lanjuan, Director of State Key Laboratory of diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, H7N9 avian flu virus has an incubation period, that cases have occurred in the incubation period, better infection control efforts done, new cases will be reduced.

The live poultry outbreaks can effect how long the feedback after transaction is closed? Provincial Center for disease prevention and control infectious disease prevention and control Deputy Director Chen Enfu said, takes 10 days or so, because H7N9 avian flu incubation period is usually about 7 days, plus a processing centre for about 3 days and test the diagnosis confirmed.

　　Fever and cough, leukocyte reduced vigilance

Academician Li Lanjuan reminded members of the public in the event of a cold, fever, to the hospital in time to troubleshoot, doing a routine blood test found that leukocyte reduction to be vigilant, the possibility for further troubleshooting H7N9 avian flu infection.

So, what are the actual investigation process steps?

Yesterday, at 4:30 P.M., in the fever clinic in a hospital of Zhejiang University, reporters saw a dozen wearing masks were attending patients, 16 year old classmate Wang cough issued from time to time. The nurse give him tests body temperature: 39 ° 1 ', next he H7N9 avian flu virus tests.

Wang father said son loved playing basketball, usually in good health, may be the final test fatigue, coupled with the recent weather temperature, resulting in cold fever, "first, the physician hanging, said a high body temperature, go to a fever clinic. The doctor here, and found white blood cells are lower than the normal value, recommend son H7N9 avian influenza testing. ”

Fever clinics explained that this test is called "throat swab test virus nucleic acid". He swabbed in Wang's throat, gently wipe a few times, leaving samples, test reports you can pick up the next day, "after the fever, coughing patient to our clinic, have to do a routine blood test, look at the results of the white blood cells. To be safe, do H7N9 avian influenza virus detection. ”

H7N9 avian flu epidemic in the first half of last year, Zhejiang University Hospital to provide free testing. But now, throat swab test virus nucleic acid belonging to the project at his own expense at a cost of 600 Yuan, were not included in Medicare.

　　Best wear gloves when washing fresh poultry

As the city live bird markets shut down, the Spring Festival this year, the public can't buy live chickens and ducks. But the Chinese new year, almost every family in rural areas will be mass-produced poultry slaughtered. In the urban and rural jointing Strip, peddlers and live poultry markets were on the ground floor could not be completely eliminated.

CDC experts caution that people must try to avoid contact with poultry, poultry is infected H7N9 avian influenza infection, the risk of direct contact with live birds have been infected. If, we had free range poultry, recommended for processing. Dealing with personal protective, such as wearing masks and gloves to avoid direct contact with poultry.

Then, the supermarket has been "killing white" the frozen poultry can safely eat? Washing fresh poultry, and which should pay attention to it?

City disease control experts say, chickens and ducks can eat, but be sure to cook. Because at 100 ° c environment, H7N9 virus 2 minutes will be destroyed; 60 ° c environment, half an hour to eliminate. As long as goods from informal channels, quarantine of poultry is safe, with a high temperature cooking process, members of the public will be safe to consume.

But the concern is, washing fresh poultry need more attention. Because the virus in faeces can survive for 1 week of low temperature, can survive for 1 month at 4 ° c in the water, so when handling poultry that have been slaughtered are still capable of infection risk, people pay attention to personal protection, treatment after disinfection and washing his hands in a timely manner.

　　In depth

H7N9, H1N1, H5N1 has any different

When H7N9 has aroused public concern, the current city has entered a period of high incidence of influenza, influenza a subtypes of influenza infections is increasing, who once had a major outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza virus in Southeast Asia, is pulled back into the public eye once again.

So, H7N9, H1N1, H5N1, the three influenza viruses have different? Prevention and control measures is there a difference? This reporter consulted CDC experts.

H7N9, H5N1 can only occasionally infect humans

Before Chen Enfu explained that H7N9 from another virus, H1N1, H5N1 is not a virus mutation, they are all influenza a subtypes. In other words, they are not "parent-child" relationship, but "bad brother".

Chen Enfu explained that influenza a virus family raised two virus surface proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase to distinguish words. Hemagglutinin protein h and neuraminidase protein n, followed by the number to indicate the different isoforms of this protein.

H are 15 subtypes, n-9 subtypes, based on the characteristics of influenza viruses can be divided into HxNx, altogether more than 140 types of isoforms. Not all human virus that causes avian influenza, and not all of the avian virus will cause a human influenza pandemic. Currently, H5, H7, H9, can be transmitted to humans, where the H5 is highly pathogenic.

Although these three viruses were influenza a viruses, but they have significant differences. H7N9 and H5N1 is considered to be an animal influenza virus, if occasionally infect humans. In contrast, the incidence of H1N1 in animals and in humans the same high, patients with the H1N1 virus infection.

　　Elderly susceptible to handling live poultry H7N9

H5N1 and H7N9 in clinical symptoms are similar, generally characterized by fever, cough, headache and so on.

Although H7N9 H5N1 infection and others similar in clinical presentation, but the morbidity in poultry are very different. Poultry infected with the H5N1 virus, a significant illness, but H7N9 avian low pathogenicity.

According to the national health family planning Commission has recently announced a human infection H7N9 avian flu diagnosis and treatment programmes (2014), high risk population of infection H7N9, is within one week before the onset of contact with live poultry or poultry markets, especially the elderly. In contrast, the H1N1 virus is all crowds susceptibility to common, high incidence of H5N1 virus were young people and children easier.

CDC experts caution that three viruses in the highest incidence of H1N1 virus through infected by patients or talking, coughing or sneezing, and other ways to spread the virus into the air, susceptible people can be infected after inhaling, its crowded, poorly ventilated places spreading the fastest.

(Edit: SN010)
January 27, 2014 Youth times
(
浙江今年人感染H7N9病例已超去年上半年|H7N9|禽流感|普通流感_新闻资讯

　　杭城进入流感高发期 浙江今年人感染H7N9病例已超去年上半年 同属流感病毒 H7N9　H1N1　H5N1有何不同

　　见习记者 郑琪 文 唐玮洁 制图

　　时报讯 浙江省卫生计生委昨日通报，我省新确诊2例人感染H7N9禽流感病例，分别来自杭州和湖州。

　　截至目前，今年我省共计新增人感染H7N9禽流感病例49例，已经超过去年上半年的总数(46例)。

　　昨天，记者走访了杭城各大医院发热门诊。医护人员表示，最近流感患者增加不少，绝大多数为普通流感。杭州市疾控专家表示，杭城现在已进入流感高发期。

　　我省新增2例人感染H7N9病例

　　我省新增的2例人感染H7N9禽流感病例情况分别为：

　　患者陈某某，男，40岁，杭州余杭区人，1月25日确诊为人感染H7N9禽流感病例。现病情为危重，在杭州某医院治疗。

　　患者金某某，男，65岁，湖州德清县人，1月25日确诊为人感染H7N9禽流感病例。现病情为重症，在杭州某医院治疗。

　　杭州市疾控专家昨天表示，目前的疫情仍是散发状态，没有证据表明H7N9禽流感能人传人，传染源是带病毒的禽类，其污染的环境是重要的感染来源。

　　本月24日零点起，杭城全面暂停活禽交易。去年，杭州首次关闭活禽交易时，中国工程院院士、传染病诊治国家重点实验室主任李兰娟曾说，H7N9禽流感病毒有一个潜伏期，等潜伏期中该发生的病例都发生了，传染源的控制工作又做得比较好，新发病例就会减少。

　　此次活禽交易关闭后的疫情效果多久能反馈出来？省疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所副所长陈恩富曾表示，需要10天左右，因为H7N9禽流感的潜伏期一般在7天左右，外加3天左右的就诊和检测诊断确诊时间。

　　发热咳嗽、白细胞降低得警惕

　　李兰娟院士提醒市民，一旦遇到感冒、发烧，要及时到医院排查，做个血常规，发现白细胞降低要提高警惕，进一步排查感染H7N9禽流感的可能性。

　　那么，实际排查过程有哪些步骤？

　　昨日下午4点半，在浙大一院发热门诊，记者看到十几个戴着口罩正在就诊的患者，其中16岁的汪同学不时发出咳嗽声。护士刚给他验过体温：39°1，接下来，他要进行H7N9禽流感病毒的检测。

　　汪爸爸说，儿子爱打篮球，平时身体不错，可能是期末备考劳累，再加上近期天气温差大，导致感冒发烧，“先到内科挂了号，医生说体温有点高，就转到发热门诊来。这儿的医生看了，验了血发现白细胞比正常值低，建议儿子做个H7N9禽流感的检测。”

　　发热门诊的医生解释，这个检测叫“咽拭子检测病毒核酸”。他用棉签在汪同学的喉咙部轻轻擦了几下，留下样本，检测报告得第二天才能拿，“发热、咳嗽的病人到我们门诊后，得先做个血常规的检查，看看白细胞的结果。保险起见，还会做个H7N9禽流感病毒的检测。”

　　去年上半年H7N9禽流感流行时，浙大一院提供免费检测。但现在，咽拭子检测病毒核酸属于自费项目，费用为600元，没有列入医保。

　　清洗生鲜禽类时最好戴上手套

　　随着杭城活禽市场关闭，今年春节，市民基本买不到活的鸡鸭了。但过年了，农村几乎每家都会宰杀自己家养的禽类。而在城乡接合地带，活禽流动摊贩及地下交易市场也无法完全杜绝。

　　市疾控专家提醒，市民一定要尽量避免接触家禽，禽类是人感染H7N9禽流感的传染源，直接与活禽接触有被感染的风险。如果家里有散养的活禽，建议进行处理。处理时注意个人防护，比如戴上口罩、手套，避免直接接触禽类。

　　那么，超市里已“杀白”的冷鲜禽类能放心吃吗？清洗生鲜禽类，又有哪些要注意的呢？

　　市疾控专家说，鸡鸭可以吃，但一定要煮熟。因为在100℃环境下，H7N9病毒2分钟就会被消灭；60℃环境下，半小时消灭。只要是从正规渠道进货的、检疫是安全的禽类，经高温煮熟加工，市民就可放心食用。

　　但需要注意的是，清洗生鲜禽类时得多加注意。因为病毒在较低温度粪便中可存活1周，在4℃水中可存活1个月，所以，处理已经宰杀过的禽类时仍具有一定的传染风险，市民一定要注意个人防护，处理后及时消毒、清洗双手。

　　纵深

　　H7N9、H1N1、H5N1有何不同

　　在H7N9病毒引起市民关注时，目前杭城也已进入流感高发期，甲型H1N1亚型流感患者不断增多，曾经在东南亚大规模暴发的H5N1禽流感病毒，也再次被拉回公众视线。

　　那么，H7N9、H1N1、H5N1这三种流感病毒有什么不同？防控措施有没有差别？记者就此请教了疾控专家。

　　H7N9、H5N1只会偶尔感染人

　　陈恩富之前曾解释，H7N9、H1N1、H5N1不是一个病毒从另一个病毒变异而来，它们都是甲型流感的一种亚型。换句话来说，它们彼此不是“父子”关系，而是“坏兄弟”。

　　陈恩富解释，甲型流感病毒家族以病毒表面突起的两种蛋白质血凝素和神经氨酸来区分。血凝素蛋白为H，神经氨酸酶蛋白为N，后面的数字表示这种蛋白的不同亚型。

　　H分15个亚型，N分9个亚型，依据流感病毒特征可分为HxNx，共140余种亚型。并非所有人类的流感都会引起禽类病毒，也不是所有的禽类病毒都会引起人类流感。目前来看，H5、H7、H9可以传染给人，其中H5是高致病性。

　　虽然这三种病毒都是甲型流感病毒，但它们有明显区别。H7N9和H5N1被认为是动物流感病毒，只是偶尔会感染人类。相比之下，H1N1既能在动物身上发病，在人类身上同样高发，带有H1N1病毒的病人更能成为传染源。

　　接触过活禽的老人易感染H7N9

　　H7N9和H5N1在临床症状上也相似，一般表现为发热、咳嗽、头痛等。

　　尽管H7N9与H5N1感染人后在临床表现上相似，但在禽类的发病很不一样。禽类感染了H5N1病毒后，会出现明显病症，但H7N9对禽类是低致病性。

　　根据国家卫生计生委近日公布的《人感染H7N9禽流感诊疗方案(2014年版)》，感染H7N9的高危人群，是发病前一周内接触过禽类或到过活禽市场者，特别是老年人。相比之下，H1N1病毒是所有人群普遍易感，H5N1病毒则是年轻人和儿童容易高发。

　　疾控专家提醒，三种病毒中，H1N1病毒发病率最高，通过病人或病毒感染者说话、咳嗽或打喷嚏等方式将病毒散播到空气中，易感者吸入后即可被感染，其在人群拥挤、空气不流通的公共场所传播最快。

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