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The author:(作者)归海一刀
published in(发表于) 2014/1/30 6:30:11
Beijing this year new environmentally friendly firecracker

Legal evening news (reporter Zhu Tianlong Wang Yan Zhang Lei) tomorrow is new year's Eve, many people are purchasing Fireworks. Emphasis on air pollution problems in recent years, will undoubtedly become a Chinese New Year Fireworks greet the public's biggest concerns. Therefore, new environmentally friendly firecracker this year has aroused public concern.

But green firecracker really environmentally friendly? This morning, the legal evening news reporter by comparing and testing environmental effects of setting off firecrackers and ordinary firecrackers setting off on air and residue correlation.

Tests revealed that during the discharge process, two kinds of firecrackers, indeed no small PM2.5 instantaneous value difference of 164 and environmental protection after a firecracker set off without crumbs. Insiders pointed out that green firecracker is different from ordinary firecrackers most lies do not contain sulfur, no pungent smell not only, also reduce human exposure to toxic substances in terms of injuries.

　Environmentally friendly firecracker compared with General Fireworks testing

Test purpose

1. two kinds of firecrackers setting off on air pollution (with measuring PM2.5 values as a reference)

2. number of firecracker residue after discharge

Sample selection

Firecracker brands: Panda specification: 1000 shots

Category: ordinary firecrackers (37) Green firecracker (148)

　　Test instruments

Particle PM2.5 monitors in real time (to reflect the comparison of two kinds of firecrackers at the time of discharge of polluting, reporter PM2.5 Tester is set in "MAX" mode, the largest number of equipment recorded measurements. ), Electronic scales

Test sites

To make test results more accurate, the reporter found a piece of abandoned Stope disposal outside the rings, pilot site selection in a wall on both sides of the corner, creating a relatively wind-free environment, and firecrackers in wood block, reducing losses in firecracker explosion.

　Sampling by

Environmentally friendly firecracker prices difficult to find

At 8 o'clock last evening, reporters from the East area sampled, but from sihui to shuangjing to sanyuan East bridge, 5 outlets along (a tease, 4 Panda Fireworks Fireworks) are not buy environmentally friendly firecracker.

Shuangjing Carrefour car park nearby Panda points of sale, when a reporter asked if there was a new environmentally friendly firecracker salespeople shook her head and said no. Sales of another network called disown not worried members of the public purchase.

Till 10 o'clock last evening, the reporter finally at Hong yan road and South Park Road, near the intersection of a Panda Fireworks stores point of sale buy environmentally friendly firecracker. The ordinary Fireworks outlets 1000/end 37 (other branches with the specifications of products are at around 35 dollars), 1000 sound/box of firecrackers price 148 Yuan of environmental protection, is 4 times times the ordinary firecrackers.

Network sales personnel said that they this year into three cases (box of 10) Green firecracker from 25th sale sold less than ten boxes last night, "environmentally-friendly firecrackers is tray packaging, but the price is high, asking to buy less. ”

Test procedure

Lit common firecracker, green firecracker respectively, testing moments and diffusion speed maximum PM2.5, and observe the paper scraps, residues, etc.

Basic data:

Firecrackers let off before the test, measurement of PM2.5 in the air base of journalists, 155 ug/m3.

Test one:

Reporter ignites common firecracker, Firecracker sound, will soon have a large yellow gray smoke rises, is slow to dissipate, and the air is filled with the pungent smell of chemicals, such as sulfur. Test place wood block but burst firecrackers have continued to collapse around, quickly laid down (Xinhua chips put together, taking into account the confounding some dirt in the Middle, is not weighed).

Journalists PM2.5 measuring instrument is placed in the smoke, find instrument values begin to rise quickly, just sent a blast form the alarm sound for a few seconds. When all the firecrackers after the discharge of all, dial the number on the lock for 668ug/M3.

Test two:

After 15 minutes, when the air is smoky, discharge of environmental journalists in the same location and firecrackers. This reporter found that when the firecracker exploded with color effect, but the smoke dissipated just smoke, no pungent whiff of sulphur. Discharge after the floor free from residual debris.

Reporters with PM2.5 tester to test the maximum values for 504 ug/m3.

　　Test conclusion

Environmentally friendly firecracker residues of contamination less confetti

PM2.5 PM2.5 maximum value

Ordinary firecrackers 155 ug/m3 (high levels of pollution) 668 ug/m3 (pollution)

Residue: lots of Red firecrackers

Environmentally friendly firecracker 155 ug/m3 (high levels of pollution) 504 ug/m3 (pollution)

Residue: paper packaging

Through the pilot can see, green firecracker compared with ordinary firecrackers, in discharge of environmental pollution caused by firecrackers when smaller. In addition to this, the most obvious change is that environmental protection was blown to the ground after firecrackers setting off Black, without any paper residue. But ordinary firecrackers after the fireworks are over, with significant residual confetti.

Note: this test is only responsible for sample.

　Current situation of

No national standards for environmentally friendly firecracker

This reporter learned that, China does not have a related national standards for environmentally friendly Fireworks.

Implemented on March 1, 2013, the fireworks in the new national standards of safety and quality, provided in product environmental performance, such as HCB is disabled, standard on the full dose limits the Fireworks: up to 1200g, compared with the original standard 3000g, little more than half.

Green firecracker with ordinary firecracker is the main difference between non-sulfur

This morning, the legal evening news reporter interviewed one industry technician Ms pan. Ms Pan told reporters that the so-called environmentally friendly Fireworks, despite the absence of national standards, but implemented on September 1, 2013 Beijing local standard, defined for environmentally friendly Fireworks.

Environmentally-friendly products in addition to fuse, and sulfur-free pyrotechnical components; and apart from the fire lines, various pyrotechnic burn products release less smoke, 5 grams of pyrotechnic composition in the confined space of 2 x1.5 x1.5 m after burning, the resulting PM2.5 concentration averages less than or equal to 5 mg per cubic meter for 30 minutes.

Green Pearl firecracker is a small medicine out there is wax paper wrapped by a layer of oil. "Oil was added to the wax paper in the production of new materials, in a medicine bead burst can burn fully, hardly see the residue. "Pam said," drug Pearl totally sulfur-free explosives. ”

Pan said that whether discharge of environmental-friendly firecrackers is common crackers, will have high concentrations of respirable particulate matter, but environmentally friendly firecracker smoke much less than normal. Environmentally friendly firecracker and the most essential difference between ordinary firecrackers, are environmentally-friendly firecrackers completely free of sulfur.

Sulfur plays a catalyst role in the Fireworks can make it all blow. "At present, Fireworks classes cannot be totally sulfur-free, but firecrackers class have been able to achieve this goal. , "Pan said. Firecrackers in the past with sulfur formula, you burn after the explosion, potassium sulfide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter such as soot and charcoal tablets, coloured smoke firecrackers also heavy metals and other hazardous substances.

Firecrackers can be done totally sulfur-free and environmental protection, the combination of sulphur emission-free nitrate also used Fireworks class, replacing past pure black powder during combustion and after the blast, produces less smog in the air, and there is no smell of sulphur, even if inhaled, the health risks are relatively small.

Text/photo by Zhu Tianlong Wang Yan/Zhang Lei journalists Fuding

　　法制晚报讯 (记者 张雷 朱天龙 王妍) 明天就是除夕了，不少市民都在采购烟花爆竹。而近年来强调的空气污染问题，无疑成了市民放鞭炮贺新春的最大顾虑。因此，今年新推出的环保鞭炮引起市民关注。

　　但环保鞭炮真的环保么？今天上午，法制晚报记者通过比较，测试环保鞭炮和普通鞭炮的燃放对空气的影响及残留物对比。

　　试验发现，在燃放过程中，两种鞭炮的确差异不小，PM2.5瞬间值相差164，而环保鞭炮燃放后没有碎屑。业内人士指出，环保鞭炮与普通鞭炮最大的不同在于不含硫磺，不仅没有刺鼻气味，还减少了有毒物质对人体的伤害。

　　环保鞭炮与普通鞭炮比较试验

　　试验目的

　　1.两种鞭炮燃放时对空气的污染情况(以测量的PM2.5数值作为参考)

　　2.燃放后鞭炮残留物数量

　　样本选取

　　鞭炮品牌：熊猫烟花 规格：1000响

　　种类：普通鞭炮(37元) 环保鞭炮(148元)

　　测试仪器

　　粒量PM2.5实时监测仪(为体现两种鞭炮在燃放时污染程度对比，记者将PM2.5测试仪设置在“MAX”模式，即仪器只记录测量结果中的最大数值。)、电子秤

　　测试地点

　　为让试验结果更趋真实准确，记者在五环外找到一块空场，将试验地点选择在一个由两面墙围成的角落处，营造一个相对无风的环境，并用木板将鞭炮进行遮挡，减少鞭炮皮在爆炸过程中流失。

　　采样经过

　　环保鞭炮价高难觅

　　昨晚8时，记者准备从城东地区采样，但从四惠到双井再到三元东桥一带，沿途5个网点(一家逗逗烟花、4家熊猫烟花)均未买到环保鞭炮。

　　在双井家乐福停车场附近的一家熊猫烟花销售点，记者询问是否有新出的环保鞭炮时，销售人员摇摇头说没有。另一网点的销售人员称担心市民不认没进货。

　　直到昨晚10时，记者终于在位于弘燕路和南新园东路交叉口附近的一家熊猫烟花直营店代售点买到环保鞭炮。该网点1000响/挂的普通花炮37元(其他网点同规格产品均在35元左右)，1000响/盒的环保鞭炮售价148元，是普通爆竹的4倍。

　　网点销售人员表示，他们今年进了三箱(一箱10盒)环保鞭炮，但从25日开售到昨晚卖了不到十盒，“环保鞭炮都是纸盒包装，但价格偏高，问的多买的少。”

　　试验过程

　　分别点燃普通鞭炮、环保鞭炮，测试瞬间最大PM2.5数值及扩散速度，并观察其纸屑、其他残留物等情况。

　　基础数据：

　　在做鞭炮燃放测试前，记者测量空气中的PM2.5基础值，为155 ug/m3。

　　测试一：

　　记者点燃普通鞭炮，随着鞭炮声响起，很快便有大量灰黄色浓烟升起，消散速度很慢，空气中充满了硫磺等化学物质产生的刺鼻气味。测试地点处虽然有木板遮挡，但炸开的爆竹皮还是不断崩向四周，很快铺了一地(记者将碎屑归拢，考虑中间混杂一些泥土，未称重)。

　　记者将PM2.5测试仪放置在浓烟中，发现仪器数值开始迅速上升，短短几秒钟就发出了爆表的报警声。当所有鞭炮燃放殆尽后，表盘上的数字锁定为668ug/m3。

　　测试二：

　　15分钟后，当空气中的烟雾散尽，记者在同一位置燃放环保鞭炮。而这次记者发现，鞭炮爆炸时虽然有着彩色效果，但散发出的烟雾只是青烟，没有刺鼻的硫磺味儿。燃放结束后，地上没有残留碎屑。

　　记者用PM2.5测试仪测试的最大值则为504 ug/m3。

　　试验结论

　　环保鞭炮污染少 无纸屑残留

　　PM2.5基础值 PM2.5最大值

　　普通鞭炮 155 ug/m3 (重度污染) 668 ug/m3 (严重污染)

　　残留：大量红色爆竹皮

　　环保鞭炮 155 ug/m3 (重度污染) 504 ug/m3 (严重污染)

　　残留：纸制外包装

　　通过试验可以看到，环保鞭炮与普通鞭炮相比，在燃放时环保鞭炮造成的污染更小。除此之外，最为明显的变化是，环保鞭炮燃放后地面虽然会被炸成黑色，但却没有任何纸质残留物。而普通鞭炮在燃放结束后，有大量残留纸屑。

　　注：本次试验只对样品负责。

　　标准现状

　　暂无环保鞭炮国家标准

　　记者了解到，目前国内并没有出台相关的环保烟花国家标准。

　　2013年3月1日实施的《烟花爆竹安全与质量》新国标中，只在产品环保性能方面作出规定，比如禁用六氯代苯，标准对整盘烟花用药量作出限定：不超过1200g，与原来的标准要求3000g相比，少了一半多。

　　环保鞭炮与普通鞭炮最主要区别是无硫

　　今天上午，法制晚报记者采访了一位业内技术人员潘女士。潘女士告诉记者，所谓环保鞭炮，虽然还没有国家标准，但2013年9月1日实施的北京地方标准，对环保烟花有过定义。

　　环保产品中除引火线外，各种烟火药成分中无硫磺；且除引火线外，产品中各种烟火药燃烧时释放的烟雾较少，5克烟火药在2米×1.5米×1.5米的密闭空间燃烧后，产生的PM2.5浓度30分钟的平均值小于等于每立方米5毫克。

　　环保鞭炮是一个个小药珠，外面被一层油蜡纸包裹。“油蜡纸在制作中添加了新的材料，在药珠爆炸时可以充分燃烧，几乎看不到残留。”潘女士说，“药珠采用完全无硫磺的爆炸药。”

　　潘女士表示，无论是燃放环保鞭炮还是普通鞭炮，都会产生高浓度的可吸入颗粒物，但环保型鞭炮的烟雾明显比普通型少很多。环保鞭炮和普通鞭炮的最本质区别，是环保型鞭炮完全不含硫磺。

　　硫磺在烟花爆竹中起到一个催化剂的作用，能够让它完全炸开。“目前，烟花类还无法做到完全无硫磺，但鞭炮类已经可以实现这一目标。”潘女士表示。过去的鞭炮采用有硫配方，经过燃烧爆炸后，会产生硫化钾、氮氧化合物、烟尘及炭粒等颗粒物，一些彩色烟雾鞭炮还会产生重金属等有害物质。

　　而环保鞭炮可以做到完全无硫，组合烟花类也采用无硫发射硝，替代过去纯粹的黑火药，在燃烧和炸开之后，在空气中产生较小的烟雾，并且没有硫磺的味道，即使吸入，对人体的危害也比较小。

　　文/记者 张雷 朱天龙 王妍 摄/记者 付丁

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