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The author:(作者)归海一刀
published in(发表于) 2014/1/30 6:35:08
XI Jinping， 6 years at least 16 for cadres and the people back at home and abroad

Our reporter Liu Shaohua

"You said in a letter to adhere to patriotism, uphold the ideals, keep learning and innovation, I hope you put these values into action, aim high and down-to-Earth, grind, Jack-Canton, derived from early learning to serve the motherland and the people. ”

This is January 16, General Secretary XI Jinping in reply to all students studying in Germany. Statistics according to the reporter, since 2008, in the public report, after receipt of the letter from the cadres and the masses at home and abroad, XI Jinping, a total return of at least 16. In the expert's view, this approach is to collect public opinions can also interact through letters, reflecting the leaders ' views on issues, is an important manifestation of their close ties with the masses of the ruling new style.

　　① love to students and grass-roots letter

Judging from the composition, and XI's letter focused on young people and grass-roots cadres and the masses of two major, received a reply most "official" is has been 18 years since the departure of party Secretary.

Young students is XI Jinping's favorite letter as one of the groups, he wrote, also tended to grasp the specific timing.

On April 17, 2008, XI Jinping, Fuling, Chongqing and Zhejiang school grade six student tanjianyi and Zhu Chenhan Fuling friendship letter, encouraging them to "be diligent, healthy growth".

2010 "5·12" earthquake anniversary, Shaanxi taibai County, XI Ying pigeon town centre six-grade primary school student Bao Junli wrote, exhorted and encouraged it, "much distress regenerates a nation from ancient times heroes born of youth". In August of the same year, Xu Jing town, Qingpu district, Shanghai, eight Democratic school (1) class of peasant worker's children in a letter, he encouraged the kids "young aspiring, the State is expected to".

On October 31, 2011, the replies in mengyin County, Shandong province XI Jinping Army Day school students Lv Wenkai, exhorted the old revolutionary student, the future "with their hands and home-building the motherland even better".

After the elected General Secretary, to date, Mr XI's open letter is intended primarily for young students, subject more clear, "China dream" became the most often mentioned when he wrote to the students concept.

On May 2, 2013, the archaeological museums of wrote on the eve of the Festival of the North College undergraduate branches in 2009 in a letter, he noted that China is "every Chinese, including young people's dream," and expect them to contribute wisdom and strength the Chinese dream. In October of the same year, at the high school affiliated to the Central University for nationalities students reply, he said that "people with breathing, common destiny, heart to heart of struggle is an important source of strong cohesion and great creativity of the Chinese nation". In December of the same year, China Youth Volunteers Action 20 anniversary, XI wrote Huazhong agricultural University, "the volunteer service teams Yu" for their volunteerism, "dreams make new and even greater contributions towards China".

Early in 2014, in a letter to students studying in Germany, XI Jinping expressed "hope that the majority of overseas students uphold the noble ideals, in the great struggle of the Chinese people realize dreams realize their own value, writing efforts to vindicate cadenzas in the age of texts. ”

Grass-roots cadres and the masses of the same XI in a letter that had become entrenched.

In May 2008, XI Jinping to 30 village party branch Secretary in Zhongwei city, Ningxia letter offering to "role of rural grass-roots party organizations into better play." In July of the same year, in yanchuan, Shaanxi Province in liangjia Kawamura folks reply, asking them to "suit measures to local conditions and making development projects, promoting the construction of new Socialist countryside, and makes life more comfortable."

In March 2009, XI Yi Chun to Macao neighborhood associations Center volunteer group letter for the elderly, encouraging "continue to uphold the glorious tradition of loving o." In September of the same year, XI Jinping to the conversation about the school principal's letter of Lenin in huachi County, Gansu province, and demands for developing good basic education, and congratulated the teachers. In November of the same year, Party Secretary of Shouguang, Shandong left 18-year old Wang Boxiang replied, XI Jinping hopes its "cherished honors, take good care of yourself."

In 2010, in a letter to older Pioneer players of Dachen Island, Taizhou city, Zhejiang Province, XI said, "I have been thinking about Dachen Island development and cadres and masses on the island. ”

In June 2011, in Yingshan County in Sichuan province because of work broken down from constant overwork Nan Wen Jianming, Secretary of the city's response, XI praised its "set an example" and told him "cooperation and strive for an early recovery." In July of the same year, xiaoyingxiang, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province Party Committee of community response, XI Jinping to new promising changes in the community fully affirmed.

　　② XI's letter on what characteristics?

And XI Jinping on consistent style requirements are modified, all his letters to be short.

According to the currently-open letters, XI's reply brief, between 200 to 500 words, paragraphs 2 to 3. Structure was more or less say how after receipt of the letter, describing work or study groups involved and their views, expectations and wishes.

"Long article well written, doesn't write short articles, have refined in order to make the letter's summary of well thought out, but also a few wonderful words, clear theme". Han Yuhai, a professor in the Chinese Department of Peking University, told reporters, judging from the text style, XI's pains to be put down.

Zhuli Professor National School of administration, also said that XI's letter had something long, no words are short, writing succinctly, face the problem.

XI replied, "happy", "happy" was up vocabulary and colloquial, Zhongwei city in Ningxia Hui autonomous region, for example 30 village party branch Secretary's response, he said, "look very happy, very encouraged."

And he sometimes refined local quote in a similar manner, in the letter, XI Jinping likes to express their views by reference. For example, when students return to the high school affiliated to the Central University for nationalities, he quotes "such as crossbow, such as arrowheads," message from students to cherish the time; archaeological School of museology of Peking University students ' letters in his "its big-small", encouraging students in ideals into the country and the nation.

2011 Lv Wenkai, and Wen Jianming replied, letter head respectively, are "the General Office of the CPC Central Committee", but in 2013 to the archaeological museums of North College undergraduate branches in 2009 letter, letter head is "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China". Body of the two letters is printed, but the closing phrase is autographed by XI Jinping.

Judging from the topic, XI Jinping, is involved in a letter of "China dream", patriotism, the party's basic rural changes, way to rebuild homes, volunteer spirit, in many ways, are generally to be reported in a letter after the elaboration.

XI Jinping, received a reply, with whom he has had contact, Chief among which is his expedition had been in place. XI Jinping visits, sometimes urged local cadres and the masses will be developed in time to tell him.

Some contact time span very long. XI 2008 for example, Fuling, Chongqing, Zhejiang and Fuling friendship school pupils wrote, because in 2004, Zhejiang Province donated 10 million to build the school, when he was party Secretary XI Jinping visited attended the foundation stone laying ceremony and by the same token, 2011 for Hangzhou xiaoyingxiang community wrote, because he was in 2003 when he was Secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee visited the community.

Contact origin. 2009 XI Jinping visits and letters Lenin school in huachi County, according to the school-school history records, as Communists in the border area of Shaanxi and Gansu revolutionary base founded the first school of red, its focus was established with leaders like XI Zhongxun directly related. In difficult times, XI Zhongxun, even from the District Government Office supplies out of the brush, ink, paper presented the school with in 2001, XI Zhongxun and his wife together donated 150,000 yuan to improve educational conditions for the school.

Some contacts are full of tenderness. "5·12" after the earthquake, XI Jinping went to Shanxi province taibai County disaster, guide the earthquake relief and reconstruction work. Two years later, he chose to close to primary school children when the earthquake anniversary Bao Junli wrote, expressing his thoughts and support of the people in the disaster areas.

Also part of the letter, is that he was singled out in the letter from the mass of responses. For example, Wang Boxiang is in the Earth as a mirror--a record he became party Secretary of 5.5 years history book--mailed after XI Jinping, the responses received.

　　③ return passed governing theory

"As a national leader, reflects the aspirations of the masses and guiding significance of XI's reply was no doubt valuable. "Zhuli told reporters, by letter, public opinion would be the impact, has also passed its ruling philosophy and governance objectives.

From XI Jinping, who issued a letter, into the hands of recipient, different channels, layer tends to cause levels of Government response. Where the General Secretary received letter comes first attention, and following the instructions, and then into the hands of the parties.

Old County Party Secretary Wang Boxiang, on November 24, 2009, after receiving the notice of Organization Department of the provincial party Committee to Jinan. Organization Department of the Shandong provincial party Committee Li Yumei handed him a long letter, right corner him in a letter signed by "XI".

Lv Wenkai and pupils received a reply, it is owned by Shandong provincial party Committee propaganda department Sun Shougang, come to the school to his hands. When XI Jinping, and return to, Lv Wenkai is writing to the post office address, with dad stamps mailed.

Pupils ' Bao Junli, is from Baoji in Shaanxi Province Communist Party Chief Tang Junchang who got the letter.

Zhuli, correspondence between the leaders and the masses, is an important means of collecting, understanding public opinion, is a kind of interactive, leaders can via mail, to echo the demands and wishes of the masses.

XI's letter, often in important timing issue, or taking a stance on an important topic, although letters were point-to-point means of communication from person to person, but their impact is often extended to a province, even has a national impact.

Letter often has aroused strong repercussions among the parties. XI Jinping recently after the letter to all students studying in Germany, over more than 20 students held a forum in Germany, majored in justice, vehicle, wind turbine, literary or professional students, said care and Chairman of the learning expectations translate into practical action.

Reply is also constantly expand. "Was a special surprise and moving, is the most precious present" 2009 foreign language College of Peking University students party branch Secretary Yang Yachen said. School letter seen at Peking University PKU teachers and students of the whole hope and new standards, the school has organized seminars.

Return to grass-roots often give rise to extensive discussion and learning. After receiving the letter Bao Junli, taibai County will return contents of the advertisement, in the County of organizational learning.

As favored by city people loved the old County Party Secretary, Wang Boxiang from XI soon after, returned to people's vision. The end of 2009, "Wang Boxiang exemplary" was held in the great Hall, who left 18 years later is still remembered for the local people, officials, participants expressed their determination to respect and learn from him.

Reply topic sometimes leads to national initiatives. XI Jinping, "volunteer service teams Yu" the letter as an opportunity to education system learning seminars organized by Ministry of education, conscientiously promote the institutionalization of youth voluntary service as usual.

Han Yuhai considered acceptable by writing letters and mass communication rather than by means of a batch file, and the files of the past and changed the relationship between leaders and the masses. His "teachers and students" to describe this new relationship, thought XI had broken past leaders between the grassroots cadres, masses and simple lines.

"Write and reflect the XI's ruling style, his voice and ideas can be communicated directly to the masses without going through layers of packaging to convey more accurately. "Han Yuhai said.

　　本报记者 刘少华

　　“你们在来信中表示要坚持爱国、坚持理想、坚持学习、坚持创新，希望大家把这些信念付诸行动，志存高远，脚踏实地，刻苦攻读，积才广学，早日用所学所得报效祖国和人民。”

　　这是1月16日，习近平总书记给全体在德留学人员回信中的话。根据本报记者统计，自2008年至今，在公开报道中，在收到国内外干部、群众来信之后，习近平共回信至少16封。在专家看来，这种方式既能收集民意，也能通过信件互动，反映领导人对问题的看法，是其密切联系群众的执政新风格的重要体现。

　　①爱给学生和基层回信

　　从人员组成来看，习近平的回信对象主要集中于青少年和基层干部、群众两大部分，收到回信的最大“官”是离任已18年的县委书记。

　　青少年学生是习近平最爱回信的群体之一，而他的回信，也往往把握特定的时机。

　　2008年4月17日，习近平给重庆市涪陵区浙涪友谊学校六年级学生覃健益和朱辰瀚回信，鼓励他们“勤奋学习，健康成长”。

　　2010年“5·12”大地震纪念日，习近平给陕西太白县鹦鸽镇中心小学六年级学生包俊丽回信，勉励并鼓励之，“多难兴邦，自古英雄出少年”。 同年8月，在给上海市青浦区徐泾镇民主学校八(1)班的农民工子女的回信中，他勉励孩子们“少年有志，国家有望”。

　　2011年10月31日，习近平复信山东省蒙阴县八一希望小学学生吕文凯，勉励这个革命老区的学生，日后“用自己的双手把祖国和家乡建设得更加美好”。

　　在当选总书记之后，到目前为止，习近平的公开回信主要面向青年学生，主题性也更加明确，“中国梦”成为他给学生写信时最常提及的概念。

　　2013年5月2日，在青年节前夕写给北大考古文博学院2009级本科团支部的信中，他提到中国梦是“包括广大青年在内的每个中国人的梦”，并寄望他们为实现中国梦奉献智慧和力量。同年10月，在给中央民族大学附属中学全体同学回信时，他表示“各族人民同呼吸、共命运、心连心的奋斗历程是中华民族强大凝聚力和非凡创造力的重要源泉”。同年12月，在中国青年志愿者行动20周年时，习近平回信给华中农业大学“本禹志愿服务队”，希望他们发挥志愿精神，“为实现中国梦作出新的更大贡献”。

　　2014年初，在给留德学生的信中，习近平表示“希望广大海外学子秉持崇高理想，在中国人民实现中国梦的伟大奋斗中实现自身价值，努力书写无愧于时代的华彩篇章。”

　　基层干部、群众同样在习近平回信中占据了半壁江山。

　　2008年5月，习近平给宁夏中卫市30位村党支部书记回信，提出要“更好地发挥农村基层党组织的战斗堡垒作用”。同年7月，在给陕西省延安市延川县梁家河村乡亲们的回信中，要求他们“因地制宜搞好开发项目，推进社会主义新农村建设，使生活更加宽裕”。

　　2009年3月，习近平给澳门街坊总会颐骏中心长者义工组的老人回信，勉励其“继续秉承爱国爱澳的光荣传统”。同年9月，习近平给甘肃省华池县列宁学校杨振宇校长回信，对发展好基础教育提出要求，并祝贺教师节。同年11月，在给山东寿光离岗18年的老县委书记王伯祥的回信中，习近平寄望其“珍惜荣誉、保重身体”。

　　2010年，在给浙江省台州市大陈岛的老垦荒队员的信中，习近平表示“我一直惦记大陈岛发展和岛上的干部群众。”

　　2011年6月，在给因工作积劳成疾的四川省营山县城南镇党委书记文建明的回信中，习近平赞扬其“树立了榜样”，并叮嘱他“积极配合治疗，争取早日康复”。同年7月，在给浙江省杭州市小营巷社区党委的回信中，习近平对社区发生的新的可喜变化给予充分肯定。

　　②习近平的信有何特点？

　　与习近平对改文风的要求相一致的是，他的信件也都简短而实在。

　　根据目前公开的信件，习近平的回信大都比较简短，在200字到500字之间，2至3段。从结构上，大致是表达收到信之后的心情，阐述对所涉及群体及其工作或学习的看法，提出期望并祝福。

　　“长文章好写，短文章其实不好写，要深思熟虑才能做出信中那些精炼的总结，而且要有几句很精彩的话，主题鲜明”。北京大学中文系教授韩毓海对记者表示，从文字风格来看，习近平的信是下了一番工夫的。

　　国家行政学院教授竹立家也表示，习近平的回信有话则长、无话则短，文风言简意赅，直面问题。

　　在习近平的这些回信中，“欣慰”、“高兴”是出现最多的词汇，且较为口语化，例如在给宁夏中卫市30位村党支部书记的回信中，他说“看后很高兴，很受鼓舞”。

　　与他在讲话中时而精当地引经据典的方式类似，在信中，习近平也喜欢通过引用表达观点。例如，在给中央民族大学附属中学的学生回信时，他引用“学如弓弩，才如箭镞”寄语同学们珍惜时光；在给北大考古文博学院同学的回信中，他以“得其大者可以兼其小”，勉励同学们将人生理想融入国家和民族的事业中。

　　在2011年给吕文凯以及文建明的回信中，信纸抬头分别都是“中共中央办公厅”，但在2013年给北大考古文博学院2009级本科团支部的回信中，信纸抬头则是“中国共产党中央委员会”。两封信正文都是打印的，但落款则是习近平亲笔签名。

　　从话题来看，习近平的信中涉及到“中国梦”、爱国、基层党建、农村变化、重建家园、志愿者精神、为官之道等多个角度，一般都是对来信者汇报的情况予以肯定后进行阐述。

　　收到习近平回信者，大都与他有过接触，其中主要是他考察时曾到过的地方。习近平在考察时，有时会叮嘱当地干部群众将发展情况及时告诉他。

　　有的接触时间跨度很长。例如习近平2008年为重庆市涪陵区浙涪友谊学校小学生回信，是因为2004年浙江省捐助1000万修建该校时，时任省委书记的习近平亲自前往参加了奠基仪式；同样的，2011年为杭州市小营巷社区回信，是因为他2003年任浙江省委书记时曾考察过该社区。

　　有的接触颇具渊源。2009年习近平考察并回信的华池县列宁学校，根据该校校史记载，作为中共在陕甘边区革命根据地创办的第一所红色学校，其成立与习仲勋等领导同志的重视直接相关。在困难时，习仲勋甚至从边区政府的办公用品中挤出笔、墨、纸送给学校，2001年习仲勋和夫人齐心还为该校捐资15万元改善办学条件。

　　有的接触则充满温情。“5·12”大地震后习近平前去陕西省太白县视察灾情，指导抗震救灾和灾后重建工作。两年后，他选择在接近大地震纪念日时为小学生包俊丽回信，表达了他对灾区人民的惦念和支持。

　　同时也有一部分回信，是他在海量的来信中挑选出来回复的。例如，王伯祥是在将《大地为鉴》——一本记录了他任县委书记5年半历程的书——寄给习近平后，收到的回复。

　　③回信里传递执政理念

　　“作为国家领导人，对于群众反映的诉求，习近平的回信毫无疑问是有价值导向意义的。”竹立家对记者表示，通过回信，既会产生舆论影响，也传递了其执政理念和执政目标。

　　从习近平手中发出的信，到收信人手中，渠道各不相同，往往会引起各级政府层层反应。多封回信都是先引起所在地省委书记重视，并做批示后，再交到当事人手中的。

　　老县委书记王伯祥是在2009年11月24日，接到省委组织部的通知后赶往济南的。山东省委组织部长李玉妹递给他一封信，他在信笺右下角看到署名“习近平”。

　　而小学生吕文凯收到的回信，则是由山东省委宣传部长孙守刚亲自到校交到他手中的。而此前寄信给习近平时，吕文凯是和爸爸一起到邮局写地址、贴邮票寄出去的。

　　小学生包俊丽，是从陕西省宝鸡市委书记唐俊昌手中拿到的回信。

　　在竹立家看来，领导人与群众之间的信件往来，既是一种重要的收集、了解民意的途径，也是一种上下互动方式，领导人可以通过信件，对群众的要求和愿望进行呼应。

　　习近平的回信，往往是在重要的时间节点发出，或者就重要的话题作出表态，尽管信件是人与人之间点对点的沟通方式，但其产生的影响却往往扩大到一个省，甚至有全国性影响。

　　回信往往在当事人中间引起强烈反响。最近习近平给全体在德留学人员回信后，20多名在德学子召开座谈会，这些主修司法、车辆、风电、文学等各专业的学子，一致表示要将习主席的关怀和期望转化成实际行动。

　　回信影响也经常扩大。“是一份特别的惊喜和感动，是最为珍贵的节日礼物”，北大外国语学院2009级本科生党支部书记杨亚晨如是表示。北京大学校方将回信视作对全体北大师生提出的希望和新的标准，该校为此多次组织座谈会。

　　回信到基层通常会引起广泛讨论与学习。包俊丽收到回信后，太白县将回信的内容播发，在全县组织学习。

　　而作为深受寿光当地百姓爱戴的老县委书记，王伯祥在收到习近平的回信后，重新回到了人们的视野。2009年底，“王伯祥同志先进事迹报告会”在人民大会堂举行，对于这样一位离岗18年后依然为当地百姓所铭记的官员，与会者都表示了敬佩和向他学习的决心。

　　回信的话题有时会引出全国性举措。以习近平给“本禹志愿服务队”的回信为契机，教育部组织召开教育系统学习座谈会，要求切实推进青少年志愿服务制度化常态化。

　　韩毓海认为，习近平通过写信与群众沟通，而不是通过过去的批文件和发文件的方式，改变了领导人与群众之间的关系。他以“老师与学生”来比喻这种新关系，认为习近平打破了过去领导人与基层干部、群众之间简单的上下级关系。

　　“写信体现的是习近平的执政风格，这样他的声音和想法能够直接传达给群众，不必通过层层包装，传达得更为准确。”韩毓海如是说。

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