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The author:(作者)归海一刀
published in(发表于) 2014/2/3 8:02:45
3.6 billion passengers during the Spring Festival migration， on average more than 90 million passengers per day travel

In Beijing the "wage earners" Szechuan Jia Yanmei, January 12, nearly 2,300 kilometers of biking Trek, after 17 days on 28th afternoon returned to the hometown of Nanchong, Sichuan. Step into the House, mother to hold in my arms, she kept crying, said with a chuckle, "MOM, I'm home" ... ...

Just after the lunar new year, and a reunited in their hometowns of people on the road of return. Due to the Chinese new year, rare in the world of population migration in China, year after year. During the Spring Festival this year, expects passenger traffic reached 3.6 billion people, compared with an increase of 200 million people, could record again.

　　Release the pressure, need a new face

Analysts pointed out that family reunion a huge demand on the one hand, on the other hand is the mobilization of community resources, adjustments, how to meet those needs, how to release the pressure, from the concept of material resources to mental, everything needs a new face.

"The Festival not to go home, felt was missing a piece about it. "Although hesitated, work for a company in Beijing, Mr Wang still chose to go back to the countryside in Hunan for the Festival, a family of three in the month of 29 days on a plane home. "Ticket not bought, was nervous, after years of physical and mental fatigue, but there is no way. ”

A few tangled State of mind during the Spring Festival. There is hope for a traditional practices, there is anxiety about travel, and difficult to get a ticket, there are complex attitude to human consumption, the annual Spring Festival, seems to let some people into an emotional dilemma.

Experts said that people face challenges derived from the Spring Festival of traditional folk culture and modern urban life conflicts. Folk culture experts said Feng jicai, Chinese new year, relationship between agriculture and larger. Farmers, with the four seasons of nature for a round. When in the rest period for the year, and will have plenty of time to play with.

However, with the accelerated process of urbanization, population intensified, people are busy, there have been pressures increase during the Spring Festival, a holiday set up a series of controversial social issues. Every spring festival, it is a mobilization of the whole society, the great correction.

"The Spring Festival this year, averaging over 90 million passengers travel every day. But the size, density, equivalent to the population of a medium sized country in concentrated flows, unique in the world. "Professor Xu Guangjian, Deputy Director of the school of public administration at Renmin University said.

　　Try to "reverse the new year" to explore "the peak vacation"

Much more difficult during the Spring Festival, the new year also have a. Some people began the Spring Festival of the new law.

"Buy the ticket to Beijing before the Spring Festival, to parents, can still reunite for the new year! "This year's Spring Festival, old Beijing white-collar coke in laiwu, Shandong province did not like in previous years in advance" grab votes "come home, but to give parents a ticket to Beijing. He told reporters: "both suffer from free tickets, or you can make the elderly a taste of old Beijing decades, serve two purposes. ”

Chinese New Year Eve, reporters learned that like little Coke so choose "reverse new year's celebration" of the urban ethnic minority. Some rural elderly people are not at home, children, instead of to the city for the Festival, reunited with their children. Some workers also chose to return home before the Spring Festival, avoiding peaks during the Spring Festival.

Railway Department data show that before the lunar new year peak travel period, 500,000 people left Beijing by train every day. With the large number of personnel returned home, North Canton and other cities during the Spring Festival has become "very empty". Railway authorities said Spring Festival not only presents obvious "one-way flow" Spring Festival Eve flows East to the West, the return is becoming empty, after the Spring Festival is the opposite.

"Compared to the past long and travel, ' reverse join ' become another choice for people during the Spring Festival. "Leisure travel at Renmin University Center's Director, said Wang Qiyan, reverse reunion for a lot of people are kind of Hobson 's, but you can avoid the Spring Festival travel peak, should be encouraged. Transport departments, travel agencies should take measures to encourage people to travel in reverse, so you can use idle resources, can also be effective to stimulate consumption. At the same time, some units and enterprises take advantage of annual leave, holidays in advance to avoid Spring Festival travel peak. Wang Hua, a book company in Beijing Spring Festival this year chose to stay in Beijing for the Festival, because he had a month ago Fukien using annual leave to visit his parents. He told reporters: "the company is a private enterprise, the boss was Liberal, and leave more flexible, we need not be pushed during the spring on the road ' suffer '. ”

Experts pointed out that in the future should be implemented during the holiday reform, paid leave after incidents such as to guide people on weekdays to meet family needs. Chinese Academy of social sciences researcher Liu Simin Tourism Research Centre suggested that by adding two to six legal holidays, to add one or two golden weeks, extended the Spring Festival holiday from 9 days at the same time, demand is expected to clear the Chinese people will benefit from the "Quake Lake".

　　Balanced regional development, guided migration

Homes in the northeast of the "Northern drift" Li Ying in a company as a programmer, he told reporters that the parents urging him to return to development more than once, but he thought again and have decided to stay in Beijing. "Many of the best IT company in Beijing, where the wages much higher than home, although spending is very large, but it's still worth it. "He said.

In urban planning and Design Institute, Deputy Chief Engineer of Beijing soaring, behind the spring challenge due to unbalanced regional development led to population movements. "Because the big cities quality concentration of resources, better employment opportunities, development opportunities, people flocked to large urban employment. A holiday home, inevitably brings the huge pressure of traffic. "Soaring said railway sector alone will not solve this problem.

"If carried out in accordance with the demand for 3.6 billion passengers during Spring Festival transport infrastructure will result in great social waste. Because only a 40-day Spring Festival, usually these transport facilities are likely to be idle. "Soaring said.

Rural planning and Design Institute of China President Li Changping, said migrant workers to enjoy the registered population the same resources, such as health care, education, housing, need to be found in the city feel at home, in order to reduce the massive population movements.

Experts believe that mass occurred during the Spring Festival holiday in China, long distance travel, essentially reflects the imbalance in the process of urbanization, uncoordinated regional development, description of urban and rural gap, the gap between East and West remains huge. In the long run, only the regional balanced development, the formation of dislocation complementary clusters of cities in order to address the social problems of mass migration.

Text/Xinhua, Zhao Renwei Wang Xiaojie Guo Yujing Lu Chang

Photo courtesy of/CFP

(Original title: 3.6 billion passengers during the Spring Festival migration)

　　在北京“打工”的川妹子贾燕梅，1月12日骑自行车长途跋涉近2300公里，历经17天时间，于28日下午回到了故乡四川南充。一踏入家门，就被母亲拥入怀中，她不停地哭泣，哽咽着说“妈，我回来了”……

　　年初一刚过，又有一批回乡团聚的人踏上返程之路。由于春节，世界罕见的人口迁徙现象年复一年在中国上演。今年春运期间，预计客流量达36亿人次，比上年增加2亿人，可能再创历史记录。

　　释放需求压力，需要新的面对

　　分析人士指出，一方面是亲人团聚的巨大需求，另一方面是社会资源的大动员、大调整，如何满足这些需求，如何释放这些压力，从物力的财力的到观念的心理的，方方面面，都需要一个新的面对。

　　“春节不回家，就感觉心里缺了一块什么。”尽管犹豫再三，在北京一家企业工作的王先生仍然选择了回湖南农村过年，一家三口于腊月二十九这天坐飞机回乡。“车票不好买，时间很紧张，过了年身心疲惫，但也没办法。”

　　春节期间处于纠结心态的人不在少数。这里有对传统习俗的期盼，也有对长途跋涉、一票难求的焦虑，还有对人情消费的复杂心态，每年的春节，似乎都让一些人陷入情感的两难。

　　专家表示，人们面对的春节难题源自传统乡土文化与现代城市生活的冲突。民俗文化专家冯骥才说，中国人过年，与农业关系较大。农家的事，以大自然四季为一轮。年在农闲时，便有大把的日子可以折腾。

　　然而，随着城市化进程加快，流动人口加剧，人们工作繁忙，便出现了春运压力增加、假日设置争议等一系列社会课题。每年春节，都是一次全社会的大动员、大调整。

　　“今年春运，平均每天超过9000万人次出行。这个规模、密度，相当于一个中型国家的人口在集中流动，在世界上绝无仅有。”中国人民大学公共管理学院副院长许光建教授说。

　　尝试“反向过年”，探索“错峰休假”

　　春运困难多，大年还得过。一些人开始了春节新过法。

　　“春节前到北京的车票好买，就把父母接来，照样可以团聚过年！”今年春节，老家在山东莱芜的北京白领焦先生没有像往年那样提前“抢票”回家，而是让父母买票进京。他告诉记者：“这样既免了买票之苦，也可以让老人体验一下老北京的年味儿，一举两得。”

　　春节前夕，记者采访了解到，像小焦这样选择“反向过年”的都市一族不在少数。一些农村老人不是在老家等儿女，而是自己进城过年，与子女团聚。还有一些务工人员也选择春节前返乡，避开春运高峰。

　　铁路部门数据显示，春节前出行高峰期间，每天有50万人乘火车离京。随着大批人员返乡，北上广等城市春节期间变得“很空虚”。铁路部门表示，春运客流呈现明显的“单向流动”，春节前夕是东部地区向西流动，返程火车则变得空空荡荡，春节后则相反。

　　“相比回乡探亲和旅行，‘反向团聚’成为人们在春节期间的另一种选择。”中国人民大学休闲旅游研究中心主任王琪延表示，反向团聚对不少人是一种无奈之举，但可以避开春运高峰，值得鼓励。交通部门、旅行社等应该采取措施，鼓励人们反向出行，这样可以利用闲置资源，也可以有效刺激消费。同时，还有一些单位和企业利用年假、提前放假等方式，避开春运高峰。在北京一家图书公司工作的王华兵今年春节选择留京过年，因为他一个月前已经利用公司年假回福建老家探望了父母。他告诉记者：“公司是私营企业，老板比较开明，休假比较灵活，大家没必要都挤到春运期间在路上‘受罪’。”

　　专家指出，今后应该在假期制度改革、落实带薪休假等方面下工夫，引导人们在平日里满足家人团聚的需求。中国社会科学院旅游研究中心特约研究员刘思敏建议，通过增加两到六个法定假日，来增加一个或两个黄金周、同时延长春节长假至9天，有望疏通中国民众出行需求的“堰塞湖”。

　　均衡区域发展，引导人口流动

　　家在东北的“北漂”李英在一家公司担任程序员，他告诉记者，父母不止一次地催过他回乡发展，但他考虑再三，还是决定留在北京。“许多优秀的IT企业都在北京，这里的工资比老家高多了，虽然花销非常大，但还是觉得值。”他说。

　　在北京城市规划设计研究院副总工高扬看来，在春运难题的背后，原因是区域发展不平衡导致的人口流动。“因为大城市优质资源集中，有更好的就业机会、发展机会，人们纷纷涌向大城市就业。一到长假返乡，必然带来交通的巨大压力。”高扬说，这一问题靠铁路部门是解决不了的。

　　“如果按照36亿人次的春运需求进行交通基础建设，将会造成巨大的社会浪费。因为春运只有40来天，平时这些交通设施很可能是闲置的。”高扬说。

　　中国乡村规划设计院院长李昌平表示，外来务工人员需要享受与户籍人口同样的医疗、教育、住房等资源，需要在城市里找到家的感觉，这样才能减少大规模的人口流动。

　　专家认为，我国春节长假期间出现人口大规模、长距离出行，根本上反映出城市化进程不均衡、区域发展不协调，说明城乡差距、东西部差距仍然巨大。从长远看，只有区域均衡协调发展，形成错位互补的城市集群，方能解决人口大规模迁徙带来的社会难题。

　　文/新华社记者 赵仁伟 王晓洁 郭宇靖 鲁畅

　　供图/CFP

(原标题：春运36亿人次大迁徙)

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