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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/2/3 8:06:37 Decade of 3.4 million hectares of wetlands in China， the equivalent of two Beijing
Original title: wetland area of a two decade Beijing, China wetlands protection laws at the national level is missing support
International online coverage (reporter Zhu Wanling): on February 2, 1971, aimed at the protection and rational utilization of the global wetlands, the Convention on wetlands in Iran signed at Ramsar. Since 1997, February 2 for the annual "World Wetlands Day". In the 18th World Wetlands Day, Shandong, Jiangsu, Chongqing, Hong Kong Wetland Park in today's free and open to the public for public eco-beauty. However, according to the wetland area in China over the past decade reduced the size of two Beijing, wetland conservation is not optimistic.
About wetlands, most people think first of May was the surreal of the non-Shing disturbance brought fire "swamped". As a matter of fact, wetlands in our midst: the artificial lakes in the Park, the city surrounding the reservoir, Lake and river, and even the rural rice fields, is a type of wetland. However, according to the State Forestry Administration, 13th last month released results of the second national survey of wetland resource, over the past decade, has lost about 3.4 million hectares of wetlands in China, approximately equal to two Beijing area. Zhang Yongli, Deputy Director of State Forestry Bureau said: "the survey results show that national wetlands with a total area of 53.6026 million hectares. Compared with the first survey of same caliber, has lost 3.3963 million hectares of wetlands, reducing the rate of 8.82%. Among them, 46.6747 million hectares of natural wetlands, accounted for 87.08% of the total wetland area. Compared with the first survey of same caliber, 3.3762 million reduction hectares of natural wetlands, reducing the rate of 9.33%. ”
Zhang Yongli said that in addition to the reduction of area, China's wetland ecological condition was no better: eco-rating for the poor condition of wetland area accounted for one-third of the total wetland area.
"With reference to international practice, if a wetland ecological condition in accordance with three good, medium, poor grades for simple classification, wetland ecological condition in China are average in General. Rated as ' good ' accounted for 15% of the total wetland area of wetlands, wetlands of ecological condition rating received medium grades accounted for 53% of wetland area, ecological condition rating obtained the ' poor ' this level of wetland area to the national 32% of the wetland area. From this figure we should on wetland resources by a threatening situation, an understanding of the changes. ”
Narrowing of the wetland area on the one hand and the deterioration of the ecological situation on the other, is the important role of wetlands on China's water security: the data show that maintains about 2.7 trillion tonnes of freshwater wetland in China, holding 96% of the available freshwater resources are freshwater safety ecological protection in China. To curb wetland resources area reduced, and features degradation trend, last year September publishing of advance ecological civilization construction planning platform for under for China delineation has to 2020, national wetland area not less than 800 million acres of wetland protection red--put units conversion into hectares, 800 million acres about collection 53 million hectares, just with China existing wetland area roughly equal, this meant with, to guarantee in future years in the, wetland area cannot has reduced. However, wetland conservation is in sharp contrast to the urgency, legal system construction of China's wetland protection is not perfect. At the end of 2013, was introduced in 19 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, provincial wetland protection regulations; but wetlands legislation at the national level have long missing. Zhang Yongli appeal developed national wetland protection regulations introduced as soon as possible, in order to better protect China's wetland ecosystem.
"While some of China's existing laws and regulations on the protection of wetlands, but most are single elements for wetland protection, fragmented, dispersed, its integrity, systematic, targeted and action are far behind the development of work needed. Particularly wetland resources survey monitoring, supervision and management of wetlands occupy expropriation, the punishment of all acts of sabotage, including how to better implementation of international conventions, lacks some clearer and more operational, more useful articles and provisions, so it is necessary at national level an act of administrative regulations aimed specifically at wetland conservation. ”
Currently, overfishing and pollution, reclamation, infrastructure use, acquisition, invasive alien species are the five main threats to wetland in China.
原标题：中国湿地十年减少两个北京的面积 湿地保护缺少国家层面法律支持
国际在线报道（记者 朱宛玲）：1971年2月2日，旨在保护和合理利用全球湿地的《湿地公约》在伊朗拉姆萨尔签署。1997年起，人们把每年的2月2日定为“世界湿地日”。在第十八个世界湿地日，山东、江苏、重庆的湿地公园在今天免费向公众开放，让公众感受生态之美。不过，数据显示，中国湿地面积在过去十年中减少了两个北京市的面积，湿地保护不容乐观。
提起湿地，大部分人首先想到的可能会是贺岁片《非诚勿扰》带火的“西溪湿地”。而事实上，湿地就在我们身边：公园里的人工湖面，城市周边的河湖水库，乃至农村的水稻田，都是湿地的一种。不过，根据国家林业局上月13号发布的第二次全国湿地资源调查结果，过去十年间，我国湿地面积减少了约340万公顷，大约等于两个北京市的面积。国家林业局副局长张永利表示：“调查结果显示：全国湿地总面积5360.26万公顷。与第一次调查同口径比较，湿地面积减少了339.63万公顷，减少率为8.82% 。其中，自然湿地面积4667.47万公顷，占全国湿地总面积的87.08%。与第一次调查同口径比较，自然湿地面积减少了337.62万公顷，减少率为9.33%。”
张永利表示，除了面积缩小，我国湿地的生态状况也不容乐观：生态状况评级为差的湿地面积占全国湿地总面积的三分之一。
“参照国际上的通行做法，如果将湿地生态状况按照好、中、差三个档次进行简单分类的话，我国的湿地生态状况总体上处于中等水平。评级为‘好’的湿地占到湿地总面积的15%，生态状况评级获得中等档次的湿地占到湿地面积的53%，生态状况评级获得‘差’的这个等级的湿地面积占到全国湿地面积的32%。从这个数字中我们应该对湿地资源受到威胁的情况、具体的变化情况有所了解。”
一方面是湿地面积的缩小与生态状况的恶化；另一方面，则是湿地对中国淡水安全的重要作用：数据显示，中国湿地维持着约2.7万亿吨淡水，保存了全国96%的可利用淡水资源，是中国淡水安全的生态保障。为了遏制湿地资源面积减少、功能退化趋势，去年9月发布的《推进生态文明建设规划纲要》为中国划定了到2020年，全国湿地面积不少于8亿亩的湿地保护红线——把单位换算成公顷，8亿亩约合5300万公顷，刚好同中国现有湿地面积大致相等，这意味着，要保证在未来几年中，湿地面积不能有所减少。 然而，与湿地保护的迫切性形成鲜明对比的是，中国湿地保护的法律制度建设并不完善。截至2013年年底，有十九个省、市、自治区出台了省级湿地保护法规；但国家层面的湿地立法却长期缺失。张永利呼吁，要尽快制订出台全国湿地保护条例，以更好保护我国湿地生态系统。
“虽然我国现行的法律法规中有一些有关湿地保护的内容，但多数都是针对湿地保护的单一元素设置的，零碎、分散，其完整性、系统性、针对性和操作性都远远跟不上工作发展的需要。特别是湿地资源调查监测、湿地占用征用的监督管理、各种破坏行为的处罚等，包括怎样更好地履行国际公约，都缺乏一些更明确的、更有操作性的、更管用的条款和规定，所以很有必要从国家层面出台一部专门针对湿地保护的行政法规。”
目前，污染、围垦、基建占用、过度捕捞和采集、外来物种入侵是中国湿地面临的五大主要威胁。
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