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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/2/11 10:02:31 Endowment insurance of urban and rural residents will be merged to help reform of household registration system
Guo Jinhui
Jinzhong city, Shanxi province, farmers get by CNY Yuan Nian 2013 annual pension 780 Yuan, 2012 increase 120 Yuan per month pension rose from 55 to 65 dollars. Living in 30 kilometres from Taiyuan citizens Li Hsiu also got her pension 1320, 110 Yuan per month.
Yuan Shikai to be repaid are part of the new rural pension insurance system (hereinafter referred to as "new farmers"), Li Hsiu are part of social endowment insurance of urban residents (hereinafter referred to as "City"). On February 7 the Executive meeting of the State Council decided that in these two systems has been basically achieved full coverage on the basis of, and merge the two systems implemented in accordance with law.
Multitrack and fragmentation of the system are important features of current China endowment insurance system, was also highly criticized at all. Pension system in accordance with their status in China is divided into five different: one is aimed at the workers ' basic old-age insurance for urban workers, the second is aimed at the towns of groups such as non-regular employment, three is a new farmers ' insurance for rural residents, four are public institution employees ' pension insurance system, five civil service pension insurance system.
Unification of this reform is the second and the third. A reformed, unified system of urban and rural residents in old-age insurance coverage of nearly 500 million people, a number higher than 322.12 million people in urban workers ' basic old-age insurance.
Yang Yansui, Director of employment and social security research center of Tsinghua University told the newspaper, said in an interview, the new Bulgarian earlier than the two-year pilot, the two sets of models are almost identical, runs into two parts to manage completely unnecessary, instead causing flows between urban and rural areas is not convenient, combining both is a ripe matter.
Said Yang Yansui, merger of the two systems is organizing bodies and information systems merge, does not lead directly to changes in the treatment of the insured person, but as the Central transfer payments policy clearer, insured in some underdeveloped areas may have some degree of improvement.
Reform of household registration system
The second half of 2009, the State Council decided to launch a new rural social pension insurance system, 2011 start pilot of social endowment insurance of urban residents. In 2012, all county-level administrative district in the country carried out the new rural social pension insurance and endowment insurance of urban residents.
After the merger, the State Council system, funding, salaries and payments, and so on, and prior to the merger the new type of rural social endowment insurance and endowment insurance of urban residents remain basically the same.
Said Yang Yansui, establishing a unified system of endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents is to implement 18 important measures for urban and rural integration in the third plenary session, and establish a unified household registration system reform one of the matching of labour market policies.
Before the local system of innovation has come to the central policy, man Li, spokesman of the Ministry said 15 provinces have now established a unified basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents.
People Department data show that 2013 number of social old-age insurance for urban and rural residents 497.5 million people, but the Department doesn't break out city in the number of insured. Aimed primarily at urban over 16 years of age, there is no official source of work and life, or incapacity of persons, as well as the ability to work without good professional staff, estimated that this portion of the population only tens of millions of people in the trade alone establish a system for them and there is a great need.
This reporter learned that the two systems combined at a technical level difficulties do not, in the Department's current management system, new farmers ' insurance and home insurance are centrally managed by the Department of the rural social security Center service.
Said Yang Yansui, consolidation may differ as between rural and urban household registration will no longer be insured level of treatment, but according to determine the level of consumption level and real-life old-age allowance.
New agricultural insurance and city home insurance system are is with personal savings nature of Government statutory endowment insurance, both only different of is new agricultural insurance more has collective grants part, but China most area village collective are no funds for grants, new agricultural insurance treatment of gap main by place financial decided, economic developed area can reached monthly two hundred or three hundred Yuan, and like Shanxi such of place financial limited of area, only in central financial transfer paid based pension level Shang slightly has upgrade. Li Hsiu said she has 75 110 Yuan per month from the Central superior financial, the rest from the grass-roots financial, different levels of different districts of Taiyuan, has more than 90 yuan per month, there are more than 130 Yuan each month, primarily in each district based on financial strength.
Said Yang Yansui, personal savings as important characteristics of a new farmers ' insurance and home insurance, payment standard will directly determine the eligible level. New farmers ' insurance provides the farmer's payment standard is from 100 Yuan to 500 Yuan (per year), the downtown insurance payment standard is from 100 to 1000 (per year).
"Artificial limits pay differences between urban and rural areas and there is no need, after the merger of the two systems, both urban and rural residents according to their own economic empowerment at the same interval, select payment levels. "Yang Yansui said.
How to improve treatment
Above it was decided that the Fund take the form of paid personal, collective, government compensation, on the basic retirement benefits for Central Finance, Midwest full subsidies, assistance for 50% in the eastern region.
Yang Yansui analysis, integration of the two endowment insurance system's main purpose is to merge the agencies and information systems, consists of a set of people in the future for unified management of these two systems to facilitate transfer and renewal and flow of insured and will not directly lead to higher treatment. But a central financial flat on two systems policy, level of treatment of persons insured in some underdeveloped areas has improved.
New farmers ' insurance and treatment of low levels of social concern. Market a bag of 25 kg in Shanxi in the flour costs 80 Yuan, RMB yuan to be repaid on January's pension is not sufficient to buy a bag of flour. Urban residents because there is no land revenues, pension costs are far higher than farmers, Li Hsiu 110 per month can only be described as better than nothing.
"The level of urban and rural residents in old-age pension is primarily associated with the fee levels, payment received, followed by the third plenary session raised the issue of adjustment mechanism for the treatment of the insured, if timely treatment of established adjustment mechanism after the consolidation, insured treatment levels also can be reasonably upgraded. "Yang Yansui said.
The meeting also requested that the integration of resources, promotion of urban and rural residents of basic old-age insurance system and social security system convergence. Optimizing the fiscal expenditure structure, increase financial input.
(Original title: urban and rural citizens ' old-age insurance "two in one": does not directly lead to higher treatment)
郭晋晖
山西省晋中市的农民袁年成春节前拿到了2013年全年养老金780元，比2012年增加了120元，每月养老金从55元涨到了65元。生活在30公里之外的太原市民李秀也拿到了她的养老金1320元，每月110元。
袁年成参加的是新型农村养老保险制度(下称“新农保”)，李秀参加的是城镇居民社会养老保险(下称“城居保”)。2月7日的国务院常务会议决定，在这两项制度已基本实现全覆盖的基础上，依法将两项制度合并实施。
多轨制和碎片化是当前中国养老保险制度的重要特征，也是备受诟病之处。中国的养老制度按照人员身份不同主要分为五种：一是针对在职职工的城镇职工基本养老保险，二是针对城镇非固定就业等人群的城居保，三是针对农村居民的新农保，四是事业单位职工养老保险制度，五是公务员养老保险制度。
这次改革并轨的是第二种和第三种。改革后，统一的城乡居民养老保险制度覆盖面近5亿人，这一数字大于城镇职工基本养老保险的3.2212亿人。
清华大学就业与社会保障研究中心主任杨燕绥接受《第一财经日报》采访时表示，新农保早于城居保两年试点，两套制度模式几乎完全相同，分成两部分来管理运行完全没有必要，反而造成了城乡之间的流动不方便，将两者合并是水到渠成之事。
杨燕绥也表示，两项制度合并是经办机构和信息系统合并，并不直接导致参保人待遇的变化，但随着中央转移支付政策的进一步明确，一些经济欠发达地区参保人可能会有一定程度的提高。
有助户籍制度改革
2009年下半年，国务院决定开展新型农村社会养老保险试点，2011年启动城镇居民社会养老保险试点。2012年，在全国所有县级行政区全面开展新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险工作。
这次合并后，国务院要求在制度模式、筹资方式、待遇支付等方面，与合并前的新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险保持基本一致。
杨燕绥说，建立统一的城乡居民养老保险制度体系是落实十八届三中全会中城乡一体化的重要举措，也是户籍制度改革和建立统一的劳动力市场的配套政策之一。
地方制度创新已走到了中央政策之前，人社部新闻发言人李忠表示，目前已有15个省份建立了统一的城乡居民基本养老保险制度。
人社部数据显示，2013年城乡居民社会养老保险参保人数为4.975亿人，不过人社部没有单独公布城居保的参保人数。城居保主要针对城镇年满16周岁以上，没有正式工作和生活来源，或是丧失劳动能力的人员，以及有劳动能力却没有正当职业的人员，业内估计这部分人群只有几千万人，单独为他们建立一套制度并没有很大的必要性。
本报记者了解到，这两项制度合并在技术层面困难并不大，在人社部现行管理体系中，新农保和城居保都由该部社保中心农村处进行统一管理。
杨燕绥表示，合并之后可能将不会再以农村和城市户籍来区分参保人员的待遇水平，而是根据地区的消费水平和实际生活水平确定养老补贴标准。
新农保与城居保制度都是带有个人储蓄性质的政府法定养老保险，两者唯一不同的是新农保多了集体补助部分，但中国绝大部分地区村集体都没有资金进行补助，新农保待遇的差距主要由地方财力决定，经济发达地区可以达到每月两三百元，而像山西这样的地方财力有限的地区，只能在中央财政转移支付基础养老金水平上略有提升。李秀说，她每月110元中有75元来自中央等上级财政，剩下的来自基层财政，太原不同的区水平也不同，有每月90多元的，也有每月130多元的，主要是根据各区财力而定。
杨燕绥表示，以个人储蓄为重要特征的新农保和城居保，缴费标准会直接决定领取水平。新农保规定农民的缴费标准是从100元到500元(每人每年)，城居保的缴费标准是从100元到1000元(每人每年)。
“人为限定城乡之间缴费区别也没有必要，两项制度合并之后，城乡居民都可以根据自身的经济能力在同一的区间内选择缴费水平。”杨燕绥说。
如何合理提升待遇
上述会议决定，基金筹集采取个人缴、集体助、政府补的方式，中央财政按基础养老金标准，对中西部地区给予全额补助，对东部地区给予50%的补助。
杨燕绥分析，此次两项养老保险制度的整合的主要目的是对经办机构和信息系统进行合并，以后将由一套人马对这两项制度进行统一管理，方便参保人员的转移接续和流动，并不会直接导致待遇提高。但明确中央财政对两项制度的统一补助政策之后，一些欠发达地区的参保者待遇水平会有所提升。
新农保和城居保待遇水平过低一直备受社会关注。山西市场一袋25公斤的普通面粉售价都在80元以上，袁年成一月65元的养老金不足以买一袋面粉。城市居民由于没有土地收入，养老金支出更是远远高于农民，李秀每月的110元只能说是聊胜于无。
“城乡居民养老金的高低主要还是与缴费水平相关，缴费多领取就多，其次是三中全会提出建立各类参保人员的待遇调整机制，整合之后若能及时建立待遇调整机制，参保人员的待遇水平也能得以合理提升。”杨燕绥说。
上述会议还要求，要整合资源，推动城乡居民基本养老保险制度与其他社会保障制度相衔接。优化财政支出结构，加大财政投入。
(原标题：城乡居民养老保险“二合一”：并不直接导致待遇提高)
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