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The author:(作者)归海一刀
published in(发表于) 2014/2/11 10:05:58
Spring Festival in a big data： map products to look at migration fact sheet

According to Xinhua, railway authorities said that on February 8, the national railway sent 7.576 million passengers, an increase of 693,000 passengers, an increase of 10.1%.

This data, if presented in a map, it'll be fun.

During the spring of this year, the Internet appeared on a map of national Spring Festival migration fact sheet, this product was on January 25 this year, that is, second day of the Spring Festival travel season began on the line. Allegedly, this was the first application of large data broadcast Spring Festival migration fact site.

This product on the market, is a company in the Internet industry, map called "Baidu maps Spring Festival migration data" (hereinafter referred to as "Baidu movement").

Author notes, "Baidu movement" against the backdrop of a map of black China, by means of several blue light products above spring migration of data collected. Lighting levels represents the quantity of population movements, the light is brighter, greater the volume of migration, but overall, most parts of the Middle East Department of the blue and bright, and less light, or if more black in the Western region.

Since the Spring Festival travel season began, the map referenced many times by TV, newspapers and other media, spring conditions a sample of data interpretation.

Attempts an action is, select the date, time, map, and then view the "to move into the cities," "move out of the city" and "hot wire" three metrics, such as rankings.

I chose the first day in a date, starting from this day, these 3 indicators are each ranked. Hot to move into the cities, in the North, as embodied in the Beijing, Tianjin is popular in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan economic zone to move into areas; in the East, to move into the cities in Yangtze River Delta economic zone, dominated by cities like Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou, and South of the Pearl River Delta economic zone, represented by the cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Shaoguan, the more dense the cities shown on the map.

A difference is with the above 3 locations, in the West, Chongqing is only hot to move into the cities, and there is no popular move into cities in the West.

I found that map shows the move out of the area of the city is more concentrated in the Middle, such as Suzhou, Anhui, chuzhou, xinyang, Henan, Wuhan, cities of CHENZHOU, Hunan province, Ganzhou city, Jiangxi province. This long export-intensive labor with the provinces in the central region.

An interesting phenomenon is that for some of the big cities, they are both hot to move into the cities, are popular to move out of the city.

For example, a broken down Beijing, Shanghai top ranked first and second to move into the cities and moved out of the city are popular ranking first, second. Similarly, Chongqing, Tianjin and other cities in earlier moved out of the city's top ranking. Hot to move into the cities, moved out of the city there is a large overlap between hot, in the North, the East felt to be significant.

Worth noting is that relocation of the southern Pearl River Delta economic zone is not popular among the city, that is, relatively in the PRD has the capacity to absorb migrant labor. The same consistent with basic impressions of society for a long time.

As for the "hot line", "Baidu exodus" rendering of the data is between Beijing and Chengdu.

The phenomenon has attracted media attention. Media quoted railway officials as saying, passengers aged from Chengdu to Beijing gradually increased, they attributed "more and more young parents to Beijing for Chinese new year."

In addition, Beijing hot line there is concentrated, to Shanghai and the eastern provinces at the internal circulation three characteristics.

In Beijing, for example, Texas, Tianjin, Taiyuan, Zhengzhou, Jinan, Datong, chifeng, Xinxiang, Puyang routes to Beijing and other surrounding areas are more popular, cities of chuzhou, Hefei, Bengbu to the Shanghai circuit as well.

Within the three Northeastern provinces, such as tieling, Harbin, Shenyang, Harbin and hot line.

How these data are produced? According to public information, this data attempts to provide open platform based on Google map, with billions of installed capacity, has provided free Locator service for the hundreds of thousands of APP today, locate the requested nearly 3.5 billion times. APP request location information to the user and obtain the user after the longitude and latitude will be uploaded to the Google map.

After you get the data, "Baidu's move" will analyze the data and through Visual chart on the map during the spring migration trajectories.

Commented that, with the development of the mobile Internet of the future, in the analysis of population migration and urbanization, urban governance, and so on, large data technology has important significance.

(Original title: big data travel)

　　据新华社报道，铁路部门说，2月8日，全国铁路发送旅客757.6万人次，同比增加69.3万人次，增长10.1%。

　　这些数据，如果呈现在一张地图中，一定非常有趣。

　　今年春运期间，互联网上就出现了一张可以呈现国内春节人口迁徙实况的地图，这款产品是今年1月25日、也就是春运开始的第二天上线的。据称，这是国内首个运用大数据播报国内春节人口迁徙实况的网站。

　　推出这款产品的，是国内从事互联网行业的百度公司，地图全称为“百度地图春节人口迁徙大数据”（以下简称“百度迁徙”）。

　　笔者注意到，“百度迁徙”的背景是一张黑色的中国地图，上面用若干个蓝色光点来表现产品搜集到的春运迁徙数据。光线强弱则代表人口迁徙的数量，光线越亮，人口迁徙的数量越大，而总体来看，我国中东部大部分地区蓝色明亮，而西部地区光线较少、黑色较多。

　　自从春运开始，这张地图多次被电视、报纸等媒体引用，成为用数据解读春运状况的一个样本。

　　被多次尝试的一个操作是，选择地图中的日期、时间，再查看“迁入城市”、“迁出城市”和“最热线路”等三个数据指标排名。

　　笔者在日期中选择了正月初一，从这天开始，逐一搜索了这3项指标的排名。就热门迁入城市而言，在北方，以北京、天津为代表的京津唐经济区是热门迁入地区；在东边，迁入城市为长三角经济区，以上海、南京和杭州等城市为主；南边则是珠三角经济区，以广州、深圳、韶关等城市群为代表，这些城市在地图中显示得较密。

　　而与上述3个方位不同的是，在西部，仅有重庆是热门迁入城市，西部并没有形成热门迁入城市群。

　　笔者发现，地图显示的迁出城市较为集中的区域在中部，如，安徽宿州、滁州、河南信阳、武汉、湖南郴州、江西赣州等城市。这与中部地区省份长期对外输出密集劳动力存在关系。

　　一个有趣的现象是，对于一些大城市来说，它们既是热门迁入城市，也是热门迁出城市。

　　例如，北京、上海分列热门迁入城市排名第一和第二，且也是热门迁出城市排名第一、第二。相似的，重庆、天津等城市也在迁出城市的排行榜上排名较靠前。热门迁入城市、热门迁出城市之间有较大的重合，这在北部、东部体现得较为明显。

　　值得注意的是，南部的珠三角经济区不在热门迁出城市之列，也就是说，珠三角相对而言较具有吸收外来劳动力的能力。这同样与长期以来社会的基本印象一致。

　　至于“最热线路”，“百度迁徙”呈现的数据是北京与成都之间。

　　该现象此前已引起媒体关注。有媒体援引铁路部门工作人员的说法称，从成都到北京的乘客老年人逐渐增多，他们把原因归结为“越来越多的年轻人接父母到北京过年”。

　　除此外，热门线路上还有往北京集中、往上海集中和东三省内部流通三个特征。

　　以北京为例，郑州、太原、德州、天津、济南、大同、赤峰、新乡、濮阳等周边地区到北京的路线较为热门，滁州、合肥、蚌埠等城市到上海的线路同样如此。

　　东三省内部，例如哈尔滨到铁岭、哈尔滨到沈阳也是热门线路。

　　这些数据是如何产生的？公开资料显示，这项大数据的尝试，基于百度地图的开放平台提供，拥有过亿装机量，曾为数十万款APP提供免费定位服务，日处理定位请求近35亿次。APP向用户请求定位信息并获取用户经纬度后，会上传到百度地图。

　　拿到数据之后，“百度迁徙”将对数据进行分析，并通过可视化图表在地图上呈现春运期间人口迁移轨迹。

　　有评论认为，随着未来移动互联网的发展，在分析人口迁移的方向、城镇化进程、城市治理等方面，大数据技术都有重要意义。

（原标题：大数据里的春运）

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