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The author:(作者)归海一刀
published in(发表于) 2014/2/17 8:58:37
Fudan University experts to draw the world’s most complete Atlas of gene function in rats

CNS, Shanghai, February 17 (reporters Chen Jing and Sun Guogen)-17th disclosure of Fudan University in Shanghai, the University scholars and the United States food and drug administration, National Center for toxicological research, cooperation successfully drawn covers 11 organs and 4 stages of Atlas of gene function in rats.

The Atlas can provide scientists with the relevant disease susceptibility and drug efficacy and safety, as well as new understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity and prompted some preclinical study results faster and more reliably applied to mankind.

It is learnt that the rat has become a widely used important model organism for research and treatment of human disease. But now the research work about the rat itself has not made significant progress: the genetic code of the rat, genome research was incomplete; rat gene function, such as the lack of scientific and authoritative interpretations. These factors directly affect the further development of the scientific research.

Every biological function of tissues and organs are not the same, the difference exactly which genes are to decide? To unravel this mystery ends, the State "thousand talents program" research group of entrants and Fudan University School of medicine, Shi leming and his collaborators, using RNA sequencing technology, (that is, a high-throughput sequencing methods for rapid identification and quantitative analysis of functional genes, is currently the most advanced means of analysis and research on gene function. ) After more than two years, and for "Fischer344 rat" genes from childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age for testing. 320 samples of the test covers 11 organs, the researchers finally draws out the most complete Atlas of gene function in rats. It is reported that "Fischer344 rat" is a specially widely used in drug safety evaluation study in rats.

It is understood that the international authoritative journal nature · newsletter published to this important research results, raised general concerns of the medical profession.

School authorities told reporters that to prove the reliability of Atlas, Shi leming group was devoted to verify United States a famous professional databases of gene functions (the AceView) notes many of the biological function of genes in the past, and draw out 40,064 65,167 biological function of genes and gene variants expression profiles, including 31,909 alternative splicing variants of transcription and 2,367 non coding genes.

Research personnel found, big rat in the exists with large human yiqian does not awareness to of features gene: Organization and organization Zhijian by expression of gene number different, different age paragraph gene number different, male and female Zhijian organization organ expression of gene number and features also different; they also found some gene will according to different situation played different role, as has many gene only in some specific of organization organ, and different age paragraph, and different gender Shang played role.

Research group said the newly discovered these "different" information will help scientists in different organs and different ages, and genetic differences such as gender, in-depth study of drugs, but also help promote personalized mode of administration.

(Original title: Fudan University medical experts managed to draw the world's most complete Atlas of gene function in rats)

　　中新网上海2月17日电 (陈静 孙国根)上海复旦大学17日披露，该校学者与美国食品药品监督管理局国家毒理学研究中心等合作，成功绘制出涵盖11种器官和4个发育阶段的大鼠基因功能图谱。

　　该图谱可为科学家提供有关疾病的易感性、药物疗效与安全性、以及毒性机制的新认识，并促使一些临床前研究成果更快、更可靠地应用于人类。

　　据悉，大鼠已成为一种广泛应用于研究人类疾病及治疗的重要模式生物。但目前，有关大鼠本身的研究工作并未取得很大进展：对大鼠的遗传密码、基因图谱等研究仍不完整；对大鼠的基因功能等缺乏科学、权威的解释。这些因素直接影响了科研的进一步发展。

　　每一种组织器官的生物学功能均不相同，而这种不同究竟是由哪些基因来决定？为解开此谜端，国家“千人计划”入选者、复旦大学药学院石乐明课题组及其合作者，运用RNA测序技术，(即，一种利用高通量序列测定来快速鉴定和定量分析功能基因的方法，是目前最先进的对基因功能进行分析和研究的手段。)经过两年多时间，对“Fischer344大鼠”来自幼年、青春期、成年及老年的基因进行测试。该测试涵盖11种器官的320个样本，研究人员最终绘制出了目前世界上最完整的大鼠基因功能图谱。据悉，“Fischer344大鼠”是一种专门广泛应用于药物安全性评价研究的大鼠。

　　据知，国际权威杂志《自然·通讯》发表了这一重要研究成果，引起医学界普遍关注。

　　校方告诉记者，为证明该图谱的可靠性，石乐明课题组专门验证了美国一著名专业基因功能数据库(AceView)以往所注释的众多有生物功能的基因，并绘制出40，064个基因和65，167种有生物功能的基因变种的表达谱，其中包括31，909种选择性剪接转录变异体和2，367种非编码基因。

　　研究人员发现，大鼠中存在着大量人类以前并未认识到的功能基因：组织与组织之间所表达的基因数量不同，不同年龄段基因数量不同，雌雄之间组织器官表达的基因数量和功能也不同；他们还发现有些基因会根据不同情况发挥不同作用，如有许多基因只在某些特定的组织器官、不同年龄段，以及不同性别上发挥作用。

　　课题组表示，新发现的这些“不同”信息，将有助于科学家根据不同器官、不同年龄段，以及不同性别等基因差异，深入研究药物，更有助于推动个性化给药方式。

(原标题：复旦医学专家等成功绘制世界上最完整大鼠基因功能图谱)

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