Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/2/17 9:04:12 Reported that a Chinese think-tank world 2nd volume， than the United States of one-fourth
Early 2014, the United States post 2013 global think tank report, University of Pennsylvania. In the world's most famous, most influential think-tank report, China's think tank ranked number 426 on a global think tank, "the second place at Palace examinations".
Over the last year, also known as China by the media think tank "burst". From 18 of the decision of the third plenary session of the Party stressed the need to "strengthen the new tank construction with Chinese characteristics and establish a sound decision and consultation system", to the Shanghai Academy of social sciences think tank Research Center released its first Chinese think-tank report ... ... Think tank coming to the development boom. So, my tank is ushered in the development of the "golden age"?
Developing stage characteristics
The think tank, also known as a think tank, think tanks, some have described it as the IQ of a nation. Serve the public policy think tank "natural gene", it can effectively bridge the gap between knowledge and policy. Because of this, all countries, especially developed countries attached great importance to the development of the think tank of the world.
What level development of think tanks in China? The 2013 global think-tank report pointed out that in 2013, the global think tank out of 6,826, United States think tank in 1828 ranks first, second runners-up China think tank to 426. Chinese Academy of social sciences among non-United States top global think tank the Nineth place, China Institute of international studies, China institutes of contemporary international relations, Centre for strategic and international studies, Shanghai Academy of international studies, Peking University, the State Council Development Research Center, entered the top 100. However, "from the world's top think tanks rankings, construction of new think tanks are still lagging behind with Chinese characteristics", President of the Shanghai Academy of social sciences, Wang Zhan said.
Think tank released by the research center of the Shanghai Academy of social sciences think tank report China in 2013, China's think tank is divided into military think-tank, the social sciences think tank, colleges, think tanks and civil society think-tank four categories. From our active tank (active think tank is currently up and running, and has a strong influence on the formation of public policy and social public think tank) category features, two-fifths is a military think-tank, where "size" think tanks and some 30% and military think tank. Wang ronghua, Director of Shanghai Academy of social sciences think-tank Research Center pointed out that "think-tank funded by financial institutions in China in particular, which is China's think tank is different from Europe and the United States a notable feature of the think tank. "Uneven area think tanks is another feature of China's think-tank. Chinese think tank about 60% active distribution in Eastern area and learn about some mega-cities in particular, distribution of active in the Central and Western regions of tanks only and 17%.
Due to historical and institutional reasons, private think tanks have been in the think tank in China's development of "short Board". Civil society think tanks despite the development in recent years, but in the channel on the funding source of protection, projects, results, suggestions platform suffers, suffered from "dwarf". "Good to describe the private think-tank, is not much. "The concept of think-tank founder, Ren Libo noted that" present civil think-tank, there are many used consulting firms, research firms, the information company, they now think tank development plan, with substantial business transformation, but there are many references on the stunt. ”
Influential think tank development was crucial. Wang ronghua noted that "think tank in China, focusing on national development impact will be even greater dimensions of think tanks, where attention to the regional dimensions of the think tank's influence is relatively small. "In addition, China's think tank focused primarily on economic policy, political and international studies, relatively insufficient specialization. This development phase characteristics of China's think-tank.
Growing pains
There is no denying that think tanks in the country has entered a phase of rapid development, a powerful impetus to public decision-making more scientific and democratic processes in our country. If you seriously think tank development pulse, the problems can not be ignored.
One is "near" and "far". In today's China, active high, and strong influence in the think tank devoted to official or semi-official. These think tanks and the decision-making body from "close", results can be quickly applied to public policy. But when he got too close, there is lack of credibility, it is hard to reach "insights and opinions" dangerous distance easily with the public "far". Money given by the superiors, dump to accept people, plus projects completed are often organized by government departments, "such a think tank is at best a ' Chief ' role, it is difficult to guarantee its independence, objectivity, sociality and creative", National Academy of Education Administration Department of social science teaching and Research Associate Professor Hu Rui points out. Therefore, how to keep "near" and "far" balance is development think-tank in China to seriously question.
Second is "interpretation" and "innovation". Think tank to go in front of the decision. However, "under the existing system, consultation often have ' expert show ', specialist for Government decision-making more scientific, rational ' endorsements ', thus making consultation of experts ' hollowing out ' and ' symbolic '. "LEE Kwok Keung, a researcher at the development research center of the State Council think, think tanks in the country many of them also belong to the interpretation of the think tank rather than innovative think tank. Official think tank are mostly concentrated in the interpretation of policies and the lack of awareness of research comes to move forward, think tank scholars and experts in colleges and universities in policy advice on the relevance and operability of lacking. These have affected the "smart" and "political" combined level.
Third is "pedigree long" and "channel". On the vertical, from Central Government to local governments, think tanks formed a long chain of different levels. Therefore, "pedigree long" is one of the characteristics of China's think-tank. On the horizontal, and military think tank can be distinguished for the Development Research Center, school, school of administration, the different categories such as ministries, research institutions, think tanks and the military, coupled with the social sciences think tank, think tanks and private think tanks in colleges and universities, Taiwan think tank category showing a complicated, and in many cases, and "channel" feature. "Long" and "many" Taiwan think tank to develop both scattered and overlapping, fragmentation, all bars closed operation, mutual exchange of fatigue, and consequently, duplication and waste of resources.
Fostering China's think tank "with Chinese characteristics"
Think tank was facing the best opportunity for development, but to really meet spring, there is still a long way to go. Building a new think-tank with Chinese characteristics, China's think-tank development goals. So, with "Chinese characteristics": how distinctive it is? "New" new where to?
"Development with Chinese characteristics is to adequately reflect the think tanks ' situation '' background '' of China China ';' new Chinese elements ' is mainly for ' traditional '. "Wang ronghua pointed out that the" new "reflected in the research must be based on innovation, scientific policy for the purpose of is to interact with the experts in public policy change results. Hu Rui points out that, in line with China's national conditions, China practice think tank construction in China should also adhere to the service philosophy, "leading think tank is more than just service leader, to lead a community, and the ultimate aim is to serve the people. ”
There is no doubt that with Chinese characteristics of the new think tank will be a long-term process, not a Sprint. Wang Zhan believes that "the key is formed to guide and influence the Government think tank, thinktank objective pattern of new relationship between the Government and independent services diversify and nurture independent thinking and think tanks ' library '. ”
Building a new think-tank with Chinese characteristics, private think tanks how to overcome their "natural enough"? Ren Libo believes that civil society think tank has its own "pattern" positioning differences between science and Fang Zhiku, "civil society think tanks, such as consultation, investigation, information categories, differentiated development is a way out. ”
Talent is the core of the think tank, no talent think tank will be a basket case. United States top think tank people "revolving-door" mechanism has proven to be key to its ability to produce high quality results. Hu Rui army believed that Chinese think-tank "should also build a similar flow of qualified personnel, and establish a Chinese think tank personnel and Government departments ' revolving door '".
2014年初，美国宾夕法尼亚大学发布《2013年全球智库报告》。在这一全球知名度最高、影响最广的智库报告中，中国智库在数量上以426家位居全球智库排名的“榜眼”。
过去的一年，也被媒体称为中国智库的“迸发年”。从党的十八届三中全会《决定》强调要“加强中国特色新型智库建设，建立健全决策咨询制度”，到上海社会科学院智库研究中心发布首个中国智库报告……智库发展的热潮扑面而来。那么，我国智库是不是迎来了发展的“黄金时代”？
发展中的阶段性特征
智库，也称为思想库、智囊团，有人将其形容为一个国家的智商。服务于公共政策是智库的“天然基因”，它能有效弥合知识和政策之间的鸿沟。正因为如此，世界各国尤其是发达国家非常重视智库的发展。
我国智库发展处于什么样的水平？《2013年全球智库报告》指出，2013年，全球智库总数为6826家，美国智库以1828家位列第一，中国智库以426家位列第二。中国社会科学院位列非美国的全球顶级智库第九名，中国国际问题研究所、中国现代国际关系研究院、北京大学国际战略研究中心、上海国际问题研究院、国务院发展研究中心均进入前100名。不过，“从全球顶级智库排名看，中国特色新型智库的建设仍相对滞后”，上海社会科学院院长王战指出。
上海社会科学院智库研究中心发布的《2013年中国智库报告》，将我国智库分为党政军智库、社会科学院智库、高校智库和民间智库四大类。从我国活跃智库(活跃智库是指当前正常运行，并且对公共政策形成和社会公众具有较强影响力的智库)的类别特征看，有2/5是党政军智库，其中“国字号”智库又占党政军智库的30%左右。上海社会科学院智库研究中心主任王荣华指出，“我国受财政资助的智库机构特别多，这是我国智库有别于欧美国家智库的一个显著特点。”地区智库发展不均衡是我国智库的另外一个特点。我国活跃智库约60%分布在东部发达地区尤其是一些特大城市，中部、西部地区的活跃智库分布仅为17.0%和17.5%。
由于历史沿革和体制原因，民间智库一直是我国智库发展中的“短板”。民间智库尽管近年来有所发展，但在经费保障、项目来源、成果上呈通道、建言献策平台上先天不足，患上了“侏儒症”。“用鱼龙混杂来形容当下的我国民间智库，并不为过。”国观智库创始人任力波指出，“现在的民间智库，有很多以前是咨询公司、调查公司、信息公司，他们现在都在开展智库发展计划，其中既有实质业务上的转型，但也有很多是提法上的噱头。”
影响力是智库发展的关键所在。王荣华指出，“我国智库中，关注国家发展层面问题的智库影响力会更大一些，关注区域层面问题的地方智库的影响力则相对较小。”此外，我国智库主要聚焦于经济政策、政治建设与国际问题研究，专业化分工相对不足。这也是我国智库发展的阶段性特征。
成长中的烦恼
不可否认，我国智库已进入一个快速发展期，有力推动了我国公共决策的科学化与民主化进程。可若认真给我国智库发展把把脉，存在的问题也不容忽视。
一是“近”与“远”问题。当今中国，活跃度高、影响力强的智库以官方或半官方为主。这些智库与决策机构距离“近”，成果能快速被应用到公共政策中。但走得太近，就存在缺乏公信力、难以形成“独到见解和意见”的危险，与公众距离容易“远”。钱由上级给，承担人是圈定的，再加上项目结项也常由政府部门来组织，“这样的智库充其量只是个‘幕僚’的角色，很难保证其独立性、客观性、社会性和创新性”，国家教育行政学院社会科学教研部副教授胡锐军指出。因此，如何保持“近”与“远”的平衡，是我国智库发展要严肃对待的问题。
二是“阐释”与“创新”问题。智库要走在决策的前面。但是，“在现有体制下，决策咨询往往会出现‘专家秀’等情况，即专家为政府决策的科学性、合理性‘背书’，从而出现专家决策咨询的‘空洞化’和‘符号化’。”国务院发展研究中心研究员李国强认为，国内智库有许多还属于阐释性智库而非创新性智库。官方智库大多集中在政策的解读而缺少研究关口前移的意识，高校智库的专家学者在政策咨询的针对性和可操作性上有所欠缺。这些都影响了“智”与“政”的结合水平。
三是“谱系长”与“频道多”问题。纵向上，从中央到地方，不同层次的智库形成长长的链条。所以，“谱系长”是我国智库的特色之一。横向上，党政军智库可区分为发展研究中心、党校、行政学院、各部委研究机构以及军方智库等不同类别，再加上社会科学院智库、高校智库以及民间智库等，使我国智库呈现出门类庞杂、形态各异、“频道多”的特点。“长”与“多”使我国智库发展既分散又重叠，条块分割，各个条块封闭运行，相互间交流乏力，进而产生资源浪费和重复建设。
培育我国智库的“中国特色”
我国智库正面临最好发展机遇，但要真正迎来发展的春天，还有很长的路要走。建设中国特色新型智库，是我国智库发展的目标。那么，“中国特色”特在哪里？“新型”又新在何处？
“中国特色就是要充分反映智库发展的‘中国国情’‘中国背景’‘中国元素’；‘新型’则主要是针对‘传统’而言。”王荣华指出，这个“新型”体现为研究必须以理论创新为基础、以科学决策为目的，是公共政策变迁与专家参与互动的结果。胡锐军指出，符合中国国情、反映中国实践的中国智库建设还应该坚持服务理念，“一流的智库不仅仅只是服务领导，还要引领社会思潮，而最终目的是服务人民。”
毫无疑问，建设中国特色新型智库必将是一个长期的过程，不可能一蹴而就。王战认为，“关键是要形成政府引导并影响智库、智库客观独立服务政府的新型关系和多元化发展格局，培育出独立的思想与智库的‘库格’。”
建设中国特色新型智库，民间智库该如何克服自己的“先天不足”？任力波认为，民间智库要有自身的“格局”定位，科学看待与官方智库的差异，“民间智库有咨询、调查、信息等类别，差异化发展反而是出路。”
人才是智库的核心，没有人才的智库终将是个空架子。美国顶尖智库人才的“旋转门”机制已经被证明是其能够产出高质量成果的关键所在。胡锐军认为，我国智库“也应该逐步建立类似的人才流动机制，建立起智库人才与政府部门之间的中国式‘旋转门’”。
赞