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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/2/17 9:05:41 To pilot the establishment of 28 abandoned Island， abandoned child survival improved significantly
Last July, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued a circular requesting the abandoned Island pilot work carried out according to the actual situation. The news came out, sparked immediate concern. Recently, this reporter learned from promoting the establishment of "orphan island" of China's child welfare and adoption Center informed that up to now, China has 28 provinces, "testing the water" establishment "orphan island", to discover and to keep abandoned this most vulnerable group in society, guarantee an abandoned child's most basic right to life. However, the abandoned Island dispute was not over, idea of island 10 days Guangzhou, accept abandoned 33, within half a month to reach 79.
10 provinces voted by 25 abandoned island
According to China's child welfare and adoption Center, at present, Hebei, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and other 10 provinces and cities have set up 25 abandoned island and put into use, there are 18 provinces are actively preparing for abandoned island or abandoned observation for treatment centers.
China said Li Bo, child welfare and adoption Center Director, establish abandoned island's main purpose is to prevent the baby from being abandoned outside their body and mind again after a bad environment practices, improve the survival rate of abandoned baby, enabling them to get timely treatment and relief.
It is understood that the first abandoned island in the city of Shijiazhuang in Hebei province on June 1, 2011 set up social services. July 2013, the Ministry of civil affairs in conclusion on the basis of local experiences, issued the Ministry of Civil Affairs Office on transmitting China's child welfare and adoption Center "baby island" pilot program for requesting the abandoned Island pilot work according to the actual situation.
Vice Minister of the Ministry of civil affairs Dou Yupei said at the press conference of the information Office of the State Council, in our country, the abandoned infant is a crime, and morally unacceptable to the society. The idea of the island, is based on the life-first, the principle of priority of the rights of the child, and the spirit of the protection of minors in our country is the same, with criminal laws against child abandonment crime is also in hand.
>> links
Baby island is a children's welfare institutions protecting the rights of abandoned babies to survive an attempt and exploration. Typically, abandoned island located in front of the child welfare agency, the island features a baby incubator, delayed alarm devices, such as air conditioning and bed. After receiving the infant on the island, delay alarm will remind orphanage staff members in 5-10 minutes to see abandoned on the island as soon as possible, transferred to the hospital for treatment or be transferred to the child welfare placement. First abandoned island in the city of Shijiazhuang in Hebei province on June 1, 2011 set up social services.
-Visit
The first "safety island" surge in abandoned infants is not
Shijiazhuang city Social Welfare Institute doors on one side, a red, yellow and white roofs for exterior wall's cabin in the snow, especially conspicuous, Coop taped to the glass door yellow sunflowers, blue stars and colorful balloons, which was set up in June 2011, the country's first "baby island".
Established at the beginning, is a major concern here, and came under thorough questioning. Establishment of 2 years and 8 months, received an abandoned child of more than 220 people, did not appear significantly increased in number. In this regard, the orphanage staff, "This shows that people are ' abandoned illegal ' awareness of the growing".
Abandoned infant survival rate significantly increased
Yesterday morning, the reporter gently open the cabin door, inside a crib and an infant incubator. Although "safety island" there's snow outside, but a cabin displayed on the incubator temperature of 25.2 degrees Celsius. According to the introduction to business services section staff, "safety island" equipped with infra-red sensors, devices, after the foundling is placed in refuges, infra-red sensors, the device will alarm signal, orphanage staff member on duty then placed the baby in a timely manner.
Shijiazhuang city society (child) orphanage Chief Han Jinhong said: "for a long time, abandoned babies were abandoned in the streets, parks, the gate of the hospital, even the middle of nowhere, we were unable to put an end to acts of abandonment, but it can find ways to make the most change the baby was found abandoned in consequence.
Life is priceless, as long as the baby is still alive, they should give him the dignity of life. ”
Home health care doctors introduce Lu Hongyan, admitted to a medical, "safety island" received of child abandonment trauma, have a high fever and pneumonia and other diseases of numbers have dwindled, and survival rate improved significantly. It is understood that the homes of 0-14-year-olds are received through a traffic island.
Baby food and accommodation and the kindergarten no difference
Lunch time, Center recommended children eat noodles, diced tomatoes, eggs and sauce two brine. Children here are broken down by age groups, babies are mainly powdered milk, liquid under three years, the above considerations is nutritious, hardly a recipe a week on. Breakfast with bread, steamed bread, eggs, rice porridge, serving lunch and dinner are rice, steamed bread, FRY and soup.
Centre for children in institutions, each child has his own a neat little beds, activity rooms and the General kindergarten entrance. Here every three staff to manage a class, about 10 children in each class, three administrators shifts, 24 hours away from the people. "An administrator's aunt told reporters that" looking after children is really hard, but this is a conscience, after a long time, children will establish deep feelings with you, just like your child. ”
Children in institutions in the North of the center of a four-storey building, built in rehabilitation centres, special education centres, rehabilitation equipment and tools are readily available, such as blindness, deafness, cerebral palsy in children with medical treatment and education.
-Interpreting
Serious illnesses more protection for abandoned infants are in urgent need should be completed in
Set baby island is tantamount to conniving at the foundling, abandoned Island behind which social pain, how to effectively reduce baby ... ... To solve these problems, child welfare experts said, to rationally protect babies of the relationship between the right to life and the fight against child abandonment crime.
Child welfare and adoption Center director Li Bo, China believes that abandoned island was abandoned after the phenomenon, by make up and help achieve the protection of rights and interests for abandoned infants, and laws against child abandonment and to protect the baby against abandoned crime targets exactly abandoned protection link on the distinction between laws on prevention and abandoned the island in relief and response.
"HIV does not capture the Tiger, today abandoned flesh like a knife cutting bone, the doctor said my son's condition no cure, stayed at home will lead to more family tragedies. "This is a closing phrase" not entitled to father "abandoned outside the Social Welfare Institute in Guangzhou who left a note on the island. In this abandoned the island, nearly two-thirds parents left a note or cash, said he abandoned them completely separate thing, children can be helped, and save my life. From the perspective of gender, boys predominate in the abandoned baby, abandoned by breaking the patriarchal and family factors.
Chinese Ji Gang, Director of child welfare and adoption Center child care to rough statistics, the currently established all over the country "orphan island" of abandoned babies received, 99% were all sick children. Infants abandoned due mainly to families unable to afford expensive medical treatment, unable to withstand the Mormonism on future costs of special education, many families are worried about poverty resulting from sickness.
Li Bo, believes that the current, through the establishment of children's medical security system, perfect for family support policies, support for families with disabled and seriously ill children, establish rehabilitation and special education for children with disabilities a free system, inter alia, improve the child welfare system. Before, and also to strengthen the pregnancy guidance and inspection, promote fertility technology, reduce the incidence of birth defects in babies.
□扫描
Child abandonment protection States practice
≫> abandoned baby wheel
Child abandonment protection facilities dating back to 1198, Italy, called "foundling wheel" facilities. It is a cylindrical device, mounted on the external walls of buildings, similar to the revolving door. Parents place the infant in a cylindrical, rotating cylinders put baby in Church, Bell, reminded the people inside the Church. It is thought that the "foundling wheel" secret allows parents to give up the baby, rather than abandon them for killing.
≫> baby protection class
"Foundling wheel" in the late 19th century, are gradually disappearing, abandoned babies protects the tank from 1952. Beginning in 1996, Hungary headed by Germany, and Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Austria, and Italy and other European countries gradually set up an abandoned child protection module. India, Pakistan, the Philippines, Japan, and Korea and other countries, adopted the abandoned baby protectors.
≫> anonymous birth method
Anonymous production approach originates from France. This law allowed women give birth anonymously and free of charge in the hospital, abandoned babies will be adopted. Italy, and Greece, and Luxembourg, and Austria and other countries allow for anonymity. Some States allowed to conceal their identity when the birth mother in the production, but encourages its leaves information in a closed file in government custody for children to adults read.
≫> safe harbor Act
In the United States, more than 20 years, the States gradually through a series of "safe harbour Act," which "legally safe to throw out the baby" becomes possible. As of 2008, the United States all 50 States have some form of "safe harbor law". About half of all States not to prosecute parents who give up uninjured infant. Some States allow birth parents do not reveal their identity, others require personnel to receive children finding birth parents information, and access to child's health history record.
This version of the section, according to Xinhua News Agency
(Original title: to pilot the establishment of 28 "orphan island")
去年7月，民政部下发通知，要求各地根据实际情况开展弃婴岛试点工作。消息一出，立即引发各界关注。近日，记者从推动建立“弃婴安全岛”的中国儿童福利和收养中心了解到，截至目前，我国已有28个省区市“试水”建立“弃婴安全岛”，以及时发现和救助弃婴这一社会上最弱势的群体，保障弃婴最基本的生命权。但是，弃婴岛的争议仍未结束，广州设立弃婴安全岛10天，接受弃婴33人，半个月内达到79名。
10省市区投用25弃婴安全岛
据中国儿童福利和收养中心介绍，目前，河北、天津、内蒙古、黑龙江、江苏、福建等10个省区市已建成25个弃婴岛并投入使用，还有18个省区市正在积极筹建弃婴岛或弃婴观察救治中心。
中国儿童福利和收养中心主任李波表示，建立弃婴岛主要目的是避免婴儿在被遗弃后身心再次受到外部不良环境的侵害，提高遗弃婴儿的存活率，使其能够得到及时治疗和救助。
据了解，我国第一个弃婴岛于2011年6月1日在河北省石家庄市社会福利院设立。2013年7月，民政部在总结地方经验的基础上，下发《民政部办公厅关于转发中国儿童福利和收养中心开展“婴儿安全岛”试点工作方案的通知》，要求各地根据实际情况开展弃婴岛试点工作。
民政部副部长窦玉沛此前在国务院新闻办的新闻发布会上表示，在我国，遗弃婴儿属于违法行为，也为社会道德所不容。设立弃婴岛，正是基于生命至上、儿童权益优先的原则，与我国未成年人保护法的立法精神是一致的，与刑法打击弃婴犯罪也是并行不悖的。
>>链接
弃婴岛是儿童福利机构保护弃婴生存权利的一次尝试与探索。通常情况下，弃婴岛设在儿童福利机构门口，岛内设有婴儿保温箱、延时报警装置、空调和儿童床等。岛内接收婴儿后，延时报警装置会在5至10分钟后提醒福利院工作人员到岛内察看弃儿，尽快将婴儿转入医院救治或转入福利院院内安置。我国第一个弃婴岛于2011年6月1日在河北省石家庄市社会福利院设立。
□探访
首个“安全岛”弃婴未激增
石家庄市社会福利院大门一侧，一座有着红色外墙、黄白相间屋顶的小屋在雪地里格外显眼，小屋玻璃门上贴着黄色的向日葵、蓝色的小星星和五颜六色的气球，这是设立于2011年6月份的全国首家“婴儿安全岛”。
设立之初，这里就备受关注与饱受质疑。设立至今2年8个月以来，共接收弃婴220多人，数量上并未出现明显增多。对此，福利院工作人员认为，“这表明人们对于‘弃婴违法’的认识在逐渐增强”。
被弃婴儿存活率显著提高
昨天上午，记者轻轻推开小屋门看到，屋内有一张婴儿床和一个婴儿保温箱。虽然“安全岛”外还有积雪，但小屋内保温箱上显示温度为25.2摄氏度。据福利院业务科工作人员介绍，“安全岛”内装有红外线感应装置，弃婴被放入安全岛后，红外线感应装置会发出报警信号，福利院值班工作人员便及时出来安置婴儿。
石家庄市社会（儿童）福利院院长韩金红介绍说：“长期以来，弃婴多被遗弃在街头巷尾、公园、医院门口，甚至荒郊野外，我们无法杜绝遗弃行为的发生，但却可以想方设法最大限度改变婴儿被遗弃的后果。
生命无价，只要婴儿还活着，就应该让他有生命的尊严。”
福利院保健医生陆红妍介绍，经入院体检，“安全岛”接收的弃婴带有外伤、发高烧以及患肺炎等疾病的数量锐减，成活率显著提高。据了解，该福利院0—14岁的孩子不少是通过安全岛接收的。
弃婴食宿与幼儿园没两样
午饭时间，福利院儿童中心的孩子们吃的是面条，有西红柿鸡蛋和酱肉丁两种卤。这里的孩子按年龄段划分，婴儿主要是奶粉，三岁以下流食为主，以上考虑营养搭配，一周食谱几乎不重样。早餐有面包、馒头、鸡蛋、米粥等，午晚餐多为米饭、馒头、炒菜和汤。
在福利院儿童中心里，每个孩子都有属于自己的一张干净整洁的小床，活动室和一般幼儿园没有两样。这里每三个工作人员管理一个班，每班约10名孩子，三个管理员轮班倒，24小时不离人。”一名管理员阿姨告诉记者，“照看孩子的确是辛苦些，但这是良心活儿，时间一长，孩子们会跟你建立深厚的感情，就像自己的孩子一样。”
在福利院儿童中心北侧一栋四层高的楼内，建有康复中心、特教中心等，各种康复器材和教具一应俱全，一些失明、失聪、脑瘫等患儿接受治疗和教育。
□解读
弃婴多有重病保障亟须完善
设置弃婴岛是否变相纵容了弃婴行为，弃婴岛背后隐藏着哪些社会之痛，如何真正有效地减少弃婴行为……针对这些问题，儿童福利专家认为，要理性看待保障婴儿生命权与打击弃婴犯罪行为之间的关系。
中国儿童福利和收养中心主任李波认为，弃婴岛是在弃婴现象发生后，通过弥补和救助达到对弃婴权益的保护，与法律禁止弃婴和打击弃婴犯罪来保护婴儿的目标完全一致，只是保护弃婴权益的环节上有先后之分，法律重在预防，弃婴岛重在补救和应对。
“虎毒不吃子，今天遗弃骨肉如同用刀削骨，医生说我儿的病情无药可治，留在家中会导致更大的家庭悲剧。”这是一个落款为“没有资格为人父”的人在广州市社会福利院门外的弃婴岛内留下的字条。在这个弃婴岛内，近三分之二的家长留下了字条或现金，表示遗弃孩子纯属万般无奈之举，希望孩子能够得到医治，保住性命。从性别上看，弃婴中男孩占多数，打破了重男轻女、传宗接代的遗弃因素。
中国儿童福利和收养中心儿童抚育部主任冀刚粗略统计，全国各地目前设立的“弃婴安全岛”接收的弃婴，约99％都是病残儿童。婴儿被遗弃的原因主要是家庭无法承受昂贵的医疗费，无法承受呆傻孩子将来的特殊教育费用，很多家庭担心因病致贫。
李波认为，当前，要通过建立儿童大病医疗保障制度，完善家庭扶持政策、对残疾和大病儿童的家庭提供支持，建立残疾儿童免费康复和特殊教育制度等途径，健全儿童福利保障制度。还要加强孕前、孕期指导和检查，提高生育技术水平，降低婴儿出生缺陷发生率。
弃婴保护方式各国做法不同
>>弃婴轮盘
弃婴保护设施可追溯至1198年的意大利一种被称为“弃婴轮盘”的设施。它是一个圆柱形装置，装在建筑物外墙上，类似于旋转门。家长将婴儿放在圆柱里，旋转圆柱把婴儿送进教堂内，再按铃铛，提醒教堂内的人。人们认为，“弃婴轮盘”能够让父母隐秘放弃婴儿，而不是以杀害的方式抛弃他们。
>>弃婴保护舱
“弃婴轮盘”在十九世纪晚期逐渐消失，弃婴保护舱从1952年出现。1996年开始，以匈牙利为首，德国、瑞士、捷克、奥地利、意大利等欧洲多国陆续设置了弃婴保护舱。印度、巴基斯坦、菲律宾、日本、韩国等国家，也采用了这种弃婴保护装置。
>>匿名生产法
匿名生产法源于法国。这一法律允许妇女匿名并免费在医院分娩，放弃婴儿将其送养。意大利、希腊、卢森堡、奥地利等国家都允许匿名生产。一些国家允许生母在生产时隐匿身份，但鼓励其将信息留在封闭的档案内交政府保管，供孩子成人后查阅。
>>安全港法案
在美国，20多年来，各州陆续通过一系列“安全港法案”，使得“依法安全地抛弃婴孩”成为可能。截至2008年，美国50个州都有某种形式的“安全港法案”。约一半的州不起诉那些放弃没有受伤的婴儿的父母。一些州允许生父母不透露自己的身份，有的则要求接收儿童的人员查找生父母信息，并获取儿童的健康病史记录。
本版稿件均据新华社
（原标题：28地试点建立“弃婴安全岛”）
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