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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/2/17 9:05:47 Try water refuge for abandoned infants in 28 provinces tantamount to conniving at baby controversy
According to the Xinhua reporter from promoting the establishment of "orphan island" of China's child welfare and adoption Center, as of now, China has 28 provinces, "testing the water" established "orphan island", to detect and to keep abandoned the most vulnerable groups in society, protection of abandoned baby's most basic right to life.
At present, Hebei, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and other 10 provinces 25 abandoned island has been built and put into use, there are 18 provinces incorporate a foundling or abandoned the island were actively observed treatment center.
Baby island is a children's welfare institutions protecting the rights of abandoned babies to survive an attempt and exploration. Typically, abandoned island located in front of the child welfare agency, the island features a baby incubator, delayed alarm devices, such as air conditioning and bed. After receiving the infant on the island, delay alarm will remind orphanage staff members in 5-10 minutes to see abandoned on the island as soon as possible, transferred to the hospital for treatment or be transferred to the child welfare placement.
Child welfare and adoption Center director Li Bo, China, establishment of foundling baby abandoned in the island's main purpose is to avoid physical and mental adverse external environment again after infringement, improve the survival rate of abandoned babies, enabling them to receive timely treatment and relief.
First abandoned island in the city of Shijiazhuang in Hebei province on June 1, 2011 set up social services. July 2013, the Ministry of civil affairs in conclusion on the basis of local experiences, issued the Ministry of Civil Affairs Office on transmitting China's child welfare and adoption Center "baby island" pilot program for requesting the abandoned Island pilot work according to the actual situation.
Vice Minister of the Ministry of civil affairs Dou Yupei said at the press conference of the information Office of the State Council, in our country, the abandoned infant is a crime, and morally unacceptable to the society. The idea of the island, is based on the life-first, the principle of priority of the rights of the child, and the spirit of the protection of minors in our country is the same, with criminal laws against child abandonment crime is also in hand.
Three questions on abandoned Island
Just after the Chinese new year, news of bitterness of mass of nerve: thousands of families for family reunions during the Spring Festival, Guangzhou set up the first "orphan island", received 33 abandoned within 10 days. Journalists access to the latest statistics, abandoned on the island within 15 days of receiving the number of abandoned babies has increased to 79.
Set baby island is tantamount to conniving at the foundling, abandoned Island behind which social pain, how to effectively reduce baby ... ... To address these issues, this reporter recently interviewed experts and scholars in the field of child welfare, face in the dispute "orphan island". According to Xinhua News Agency
Abandoned island is tolerated is the island life?
Doesn't change the consequences of the acts of child abandonment, but can change the baby was abandoned
China's first "orphan island" in the city of Shijiazhuang in Hebei province home front soon after birth, has attracted a lot of controversy. Supporters believe, the idea of the island improves the survival rate of baby, protect the baby's life, embodies social progress; skeptics believe that idea is tantamount to conniving at to the abandonment of the island, and encouragement are inconsistent with the requirements of abandoned infants is prohibited by law.
Child welfare and adoption Center director Li Bo of China believes that to rationally protect the baby the link between combating child abandonment of criminal behaviour and the right to life. Idea of island was abandoned after the phenomenon by taking the remedy and relief measures to reach an abandoned child life protection of rights and interests, and the law by preventing child abandonment and to protect the baby against abandoned crime's objective is exactly the right to life, but in the interests of protecting the lives of abandoned areas, the law on prevention and abandoned the island in relief and response.
In fact, due to the rescue in time, abandoned child survival rates increase substantially. "Though we can't change society will abandon their babies, but you can try to change the consequences of the baby was left. "The Shijiazhuang city Social Welfare Institute director Han Jinhong said.
Baby why 99% is the sick child?
Most parents cannot afford expensive medical bills, worried about poverty resulting from sickness
According to Guangzhou social homes Dean Xu Jiu introduced, homes established abandoned Island yilai, receives of abandoned most in a age following, some children body plug with catheter, some children sent with fever, some children clothing in the store with in hospital of treatment medical records, these children suffers from brain palsy, and Tang's integrated levy, and blood system disease, in the heavy degrees disease, as not timely treatment will endanger life. Is also part of the 1-6 year old children, sick and disabled, unable to take care of life, unable to receive normal education.
In this abandoned the island, nearly two-thirds parents left a note or cash, said he abandoned them completely separate thing, children can be helped, and save my life. From the perspective of gender, baby boy in the majority, son preference, to carry on the left of the broken society.
According to the Chinese Ministry of child welfare and adoption Center child care Director Ji Gang rough statistics, currently set up across the country "orphan island" receive aborted babies, is about 99% the sick child. Children were given due mainly to families cannot afford the high cost of medical bills can't afford to Mormonism children special education costs in the future, many families are worried about poverty resulting from sickness, which to some extent highlights the current child welfare system was not perfect.
How to solve the aborted babies from the source?
The Ministry of civil affairs is exploring the establishment of the child welfare system to prevent child abandonment
According to experts, the international community abandoned universal attention, specially created by a number of countries or specify an abandoned child protection facilities, allow parents to anonymously give up custody after the baby is born, such as practices, to ensure that the lives of abandoned babies. Established by the current "orphan island", similar to some European countries have adopted an abandoned child protection class are learning from foreign experience, combined with our abandoned interests the conservation status of the useful exploration and innovation.
Li Bo, believes that the current, through the establishment of children's medical security system, perfect for family support policies, support for families with disabled and seriously ill children, establish rehabilitation and special education for children with disabilities a free system, inter alia, improve the child welfare system. At the same time, to strengthen before pregnancy, pregnancy guide and check, promote fertility technology, through watershed management, reduce the incidence of birth defects in babies.
This reporter learned that, the Ministry of civil affairs is exploring the establishment of system of family support and welfare of the child, on the plight of children classified security, establish neonatal nutrition subsidies, child allowance for needy families, children with disabilities, medical rehabilitation and home care allowance, foster care allowance for disabled children and other child welfare system. Subsidies through subsidies, tax breaks and other means, and increase the Government's support for the plight of child and family support, prevention of family due to their inability to treat, care for sick children or poor child by neglect.
■ 探访
Put into a refuge for abandoned infants have alarm signal
Shijiazhuang city Social Welfare Institute doors on one side, a red, yellow and white roofs for exterior wall's cabin in the snow, especially conspicuous, Coop taped to the glass door yellow sunflowers, blue stars and colorful balloons, which was set up in June 2011, the country's first "baby island".
16th, press gently open the cabin door, inside a crib and an infant incubator. Although "safety island" there's snow outside, but a cabin displayed on the incubator temperature of 25.2 degrees Celsius. According to the introduction to business services section staff, "safety island" infra-red device is installed, after the foundling is placed in refuges, infra-red sensors, the device will alarm signal, orphanage staff member on duty then placed the baby in a timely manner.
Orphanage care physicians described Lu Hongyan, admitted to hospital after a medical examination, "baby island" received an abandoned child with an injury, had a high fever and the sharp decline in the number of diseases such as pneumonia, survival improved significantly.
Children in institutions in the North of the center of a four-storey building, built in rehabilitation centres, special education centres, rehabilitation equipment and tools are readily available, such as blindness, deafness, cerebral palsy children here for treatment and education.
It is understood that the Shijiazhuang city Social Welfare Institute when the newly created infant Island, this new thing by widespread media attention, has also been subjected to questioning, some have worried the move could contribute to an abandoned child. Data provided by the Social Welfare Institute, Shijiazhuang, but showed that in 2009, homes received baby 105; 2010-receive an abandoned child 83; established in June 2011 with "baby island" has 2 years and 8 months, received an abandoned child more than 220 employees, receives the number of abandoned babies, and no apparent increasing trend. In this regard, the orphanage staff, "This shows that people are ' abandoned illegal ' awareness of the growing".
(Original title: 28 provinces try water refuge for abandoned infants)
据新华社电 记者从推动建立“弃婴安全岛”的中国儿童福利和收养中心了解到，截至目前，我国已有28个省区市“试水”建立“弃婴安全岛”，以及时发现和救助弃婴这一社会上最弱势的群体，保障弃婴最基本的生命权。
目前，河北、天津、内蒙古、黑龙江、江苏、福建等10个省区市已建成25个弃婴岛并投入使用，还有18个省区市正在积极筹建弃婴岛或弃婴观察救治中心。
弃婴岛是儿童福利机构保护弃婴生存权利的一次尝试与探索。通常情况下，弃婴岛设在儿童福利机构门口，岛内设有婴儿保温箱、延时报警装置、空调和儿童床等。岛内接收婴儿后，延时报警装置会在5至10分钟后提醒福利院工作人员到岛内察看弃儿，尽快将婴儿转入医院救治或转入福利院院内安置。
中国儿童福利和收养中心主任李波表示，建立弃婴岛的主要目的是避免婴儿在被遗弃后身心再次受到外部不良环境的侵害，提高遗弃婴儿的存活率，使其能够得到及时治疗和救助。
我国第一个弃婴岛于2011年6月1日在河北省石家庄市社会福利院设立。2013年7月，民政部在总结地方经验的基础上，下发《民政部办公厅关于转发中国儿童福利和收养中心开展“婴儿安全岛”试点工作方案的通知》，要求各地根据实际情况开展弃婴岛试点工作。
民政部副部长窦玉沛此前在国务院新闻办的新闻发布会上表示，在我国，遗弃婴儿属于违法行为，也为社会道德所不容。设立弃婴岛，正是基于生命至上、儿童权益优先的原则，与我国未成年人保护法的立法精神是一致的，与刑法打击弃婴犯罪也是并行不悖的。
■ 三问弃婴岛
春节刚过，一则新闻触痛了大众的神经：在万家团圆的春节期间，广州市设立的首个“弃婴安全岛”，10天内接收到33名弃婴。记者获得的最新统计数据显示，弃婴岛在15天内接收的弃婴数量已增至79名。
设置弃婴岛是否变相纵容了弃婴行为，弃婴岛背后隐藏着哪些社会之痛，如何真正有效地减少弃婴行为……针对这些问题，记者近日采访了儿童福利领域的专家学者，直面争议中的“弃婴安全岛”。据新华社
弃婴岛是纵容还是生命岛？
改变不了弃婴行为但可改变婴儿被弃的后果
我国首个“弃婴安全岛”在河北石家庄市社会福利院门口诞生后不久，便引来诸多争议。赞同者认为，设立弃婴岛提高了弃婴的存活率，保障了弃婴的生命安全，体现了社会进步；质疑者则认为，设立弃婴岛是对遗弃行为的变相纵容和鼓励，与法律禁止弃婴的要求不一致。
中国儿童福利和收养中心主任李波认为，要理性看待保障婴儿生命权与打击弃婴犯罪行为之间的关系。设立弃婴岛是在弃婴现象发生后，通过采取弥补和救助措施达到对弃婴生命权益的保护，这与法律通过禁止弃婴和打击弃婴犯罪来保护婴儿生命权的目标是完全一致的，只不过在保护弃婴生命权益的环节上有先后之分，法律重在预防，弃婴岛重在补救和应对。
实际上，由于救助及时，弃婴的存活率大幅提高。“我们虽改变不了社会遗弃婴儿的行为，但可以想方设法改变婴儿被遗弃的后果。”石家庄市社会福利院院长韩金红说。
弃婴为何99%都是病残儿童？
家长大多无法承受昂贵医疗费，担心因病致贫
据广州市社会福利院院长徐久介绍，福利院建立弃婴岛以来，接收的弃婴大多在一岁以下，有的孩子身上插着导管，有的孩子发着高烧，有的孩子衣物中存放着在医院的治疗病历，这些孩子患有脑瘫、唐氏综合征、血液系统疾病等中重度疾病，如不及时救治将危及生命。还有一部分是1至6岁的孩子，身患重病和残疾，生活不能自理，无法接受正常教育。
在这个弃婴岛内，近三分之二的家长留下了字条或现金，表示遗弃孩子纯属万般无奈之举，希望孩子能够得到医治，保住性命。从性别上看，弃婴中男孩子占多数，打破了以前社会存在的重男轻女、传宗接代的遗弃因素。
根据中国儿童福利和收养中心儿童抚育部主任冀刚的粗略统计，全国各地目前设立的“弃婴安全岛”接收的弃婴，约99%都是病残儿童。婴儿被遗弃的原因主要是家庭无法承受昂贵的医疗费，无法承受呆傻孩子将来的特殊教育费用，很多家庭担心因病致贫，这一定程度上凸显了当前我国儿童福利保障制度的不完善。
如何从源头解决弃婴现象发生？
民政部正探索建立儿童福利制度预防弃婴发生
据专家介绍，国际社会对弃婴普遍重视，不少国家通过专门设立或指定弃婴安全保护设施、允许生父母在孩子出生后匿名放弃监护权等做法，来确保被遗弃婴儿的生命安全。当前我国设立的“弃婴安全岛”，类似于欧洲一些国家采用的弃婴保护舱，是借鉴国外经验、结合我国弃婴权益保护现状进行的有益探索和创新。
李波认为，当前，要通过建立儿童大病医疗保障制度，完善家庭扶持政策、对残疾和大病儿童的家庭提供支持，建立残疾儿童免费康复和特殊教育制度等途径，健全儿童福利保障制度。同时，要加强孕前、孕期指导和检查，提高生育技术水平，通过源头治理，降低婴儿出生缺陷发生率。
记者了解到，民政部正在探索建立儿童家庭支持福利制度，对困境儿童实行分类保障，建立新生儿营养补贴、贫困家庭子女津贴、残疾儿童医疗康复和家庭护理补贴、收养残疾儿童津贴等儿童福利制度。通过发放补贴津贴、减免税收等方式，加大政府对困境儿童和家庭的支持扶助力度，预防家庭因无力治疗、照顾病残儿童或因贫困将孩子遗弃。
弃婴放进安全岛就有报警信号发出
石家庄市社会福利院大门一侧，一座有着红色外墙、黄白相间屋顶的小屋在雪地里格外显眼，小屋玻璃门上贴着黄色的向日葵、蓝色的小星星和五颜六色的气球，这是设立于2011年6月份的全国首家“婴儿安全岛”。
16日上午，记者轻轻推开小屋门看到，屋内有一张婴儿床和一个婴儿保温箱。虽然“安全岛”外还有积雪，但小屋内保温箱上显示温度为25.2摄氏度。据福利院业务科工作人员介绍，“安全岛”内安装了红外线感应装置，弃婴被放入安全岛后，红外线感应装置会发出报警信号，福利院值班工作人员便及时出来安置婴儿。
福利院保健医生陆红妍介绍，经入院体检，“婴儿安全岛”接收的弃婴带有外伤、发高烧以及患肺炎等疾病的数量锐减，成活率显著提高。
在福利院儿童中心北侧一栋四层高的楼内，建有康复中心、特教中心等，各种康复器材和教具一应俱全，一些失明、失聪、脑瘫等患儿在这里接受治疗和教育。
据了解，石家庄市社会福利院刚设立婴儿安全岛时，这一新生事物通过媒体报道受到社会广泛关注，也曾受到诸多质疑，有人曾担忧此举可能助长弃婴现象。但石家庄市社会福利院提供的数据显示，2009年，福利院共接收弃婴105名；2010年共接收弃婴83名；2011年6月设立“婴儿安全岛”至今2年8个月，共接收弃婴220多名，从接收弃婴数量来看，并没有出现明显的增加趋势。对此，福利院工作人员认为，“这表明人们对于‘弃婴违法’的认识在逐渐增强”。
(原标题：28省份试水建弃婴安全岛)
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