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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/3/20 6:25:31 China plans to reduce the number of poor people as poor counties index
"This hat on a hat, hat, hat, cannot allow counties to help more. "The NPC agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee Vice Chairman Liu Zhenwei, said at this year's two sessions, the inclusion of rural poverty alleviation and development of five-year legislative plan of the NPC Standing Committee law, OK and exit mechanism of priority counties for poverty alleviation will be regulated.
Little change in overall rating in recent 30 years
Some counties in development levels than non-poor counties
In the mid 1980 of the 20th century, China launched a massive poverty alleviation and development. Since then, the 1994 implementation of the national plan 87 almsdeed (1994-2000); in 2001 the implementation of the platform for China's rural poverty alleviation and development (2001-2010) in 2011, implementation of the platform for China's rural poverty alleviation and development (2011-2020).
"The main battlefield of China's poverty alleviation work and now supported by main object of 832 counties and key County. "Wang Guoliang, Deputy Director of the poverty alleviation Office under the State Council said that the 832 counties on the overall economic and social development remains the country's most backward sequence.
Although implementing several rounds of poor planning, but counties in overall rating had not changed much, per capita net income of farmers per capita, local indicators, such as GDP, per capita income in poor counties take up a lot of weight in the evaluation. Experts believe that such evaluation standard for the incidence of poverty, insufficient attention to depth of poverty indicators for measuring poverty.
In addition, some counties found that and adjust the transparency enough and in some places even data fraud. Reporters check out discovery 2011 adjustments, some provinces even without publicity programs link.
"There are some counties in the development levels than non-poor counties. This situation occurs because, one poor counties in the determination process under the influence of local factors such as capability in large; the second is some poor counties in the country with the help of great strides have been made but not exiting in a timely manner. "Poverty research center director Wang Sangui, Renmin University said.
One-third county poor Hat
Each year 30 million to 50 million dollars will be given special financial funds
Wang Guoliang described, each key counties now get 30 million to 50 million Yuan every year special poverty alleviation fund, there are a number of special transfer payments and special policy measures.
An official of the Wuling Mountains area counties said: "over the years, counties of the State of infrastructure, social undertakings, such as leaning into widening, in many counties don't have facilities, poor Hat brings more and more affordable. "The reporter noted, the county should take the lead in zhaimao news reports several times, but today, not really.
Liu Yongfu, Director of the poverty alleviation Office under the State Council also admitted that poverty caps gold content is relatively high, no good exit, "the idea of cadres and the masses don't want to retreat or withdrawal. ”
Currently almost 3 districts of the country have a poor hat. "In fact there are still some difficult County not included, cannot be supported by the State. "Central China Normal University Lu Hanwen, Director of poverty reduction and rural governance research center, said some key County has actually been lifted out of poverty are still reluctant to zhaimao, making it impossible to allocate finite resources to help the poor get poor counties in key counties.
Poverty caps put on do not want to take off, in addition to high hat gold, Liu Yongfu believes that more important achievement concept and evaluation system, basic did not enter the examination system of poverty alleviation in the past, even if poverty alleviation work done, enabling policy benefits can be retained. In view of this, central requirements to key counties of gross domestic product by testing should be the main evaluation examination poverty reduction results to major changes. Not long ago, in the Office, State Office publication on innovative mechanisms for promoting the views of rural poverty alleviation and development has clearly, to improve the living standards of the poor and focus on reducing the number of poor counties main index.
Lu Hanwen says this means poverty reduction zhaimao will become a key County leaders of the main political achievements. "The baton of such an adjustment, would provide powerful inner motivation for active zhaimao. ”
Baton assessment adjustments, to establish and improve positive incentives that counties to quit, opening the way. Poverty alleviation in Nanchong city, Sichuan province Bureau of immigration Ran Zhonghua told reporters, the city recently gave 4 major counties listed--2017 zhaimao timetable before the end of the year, in order to encourage counties in the early zhaimao, zhaimao clear of the city in 2020 years ago can still enjoy the same policy.
Exit mechanism is being developed
Experts suggested that the counties with the highest development level after sorting exit
"The key counties is just a historical process, with the completion of well-off approaches, will be phased out and reduced. "Wang Guoliang said the poverty alleviation Office under the State Council is now formulating an effective exit strategy.
In fact, some provinces have been exploring. A recent focus adjustment, there are 9 provincial key counties of 38 former exit. Bai Chungui, Deputy Director of the Heilongjiang provincial poverty alleviation Office introduced, in 2011, adjusted the key County of Heilongjiang province, by 2007-2009 year 3-year average per capita revenue of local statistics departments, farmers ' per capita net income in 2009 and 3 indicators incidence of poverty, the province's counties (cities) were measured and sorted, and then determine the list. Reporters check out the counties in the approval process of several provinces found that similar.
Experts recommend developing exit mechanism on the basis of further perfecting established based on income and poverty indicators, and index system of weights to set a reasonable, reliable data sources. "Index system and key County exit the program you want to open to the public for supervision. "Wang Sangui said.
On this basis, Wang Sangui recommended design for a reflecting poverty, socio-economic development at the county level and the effectiveness of poverty alleviation and development of evaluation system for dynamic monitoring of, on the one hand for the assessment key County leaders, on the other hand by dynamically adjusting the main country list, the protection of national poverty alleviation resources to where they were most needed.
In establishing clear and transparent set of exit criteria and procedures on the basis of evaluation system for dynamic monitoring of existing sort key counties, quit with the highest level of development, through reform, from weakening mechanism focusing on the County's role in poverty alleviation in resource allocation, poverty alleviation resources to speed up the weight down, more aimed at poor villages, thereby reducing withdrawal resistance. "The city and County can become a key County exit for the next phase of the pilot and the hand. "Wang Sangui said.
“该戴帽子的戴帽子、该摘帽子的就摘帽子，不能让贫困县越扶越多。”全国人大农业与农村委员会副主任委员刘振伟在今年的两会上表示，列入本届人大常委会五年立法规划的农村扶贫开发法，将对扶贫重点县的确定和退出机制做出规定。
评定标准近30年变化不大
有些贫困县发展水平反而高于非贫困县
20世纪80年代中期，我国开始实施大规模的扶贫开发。此后， 1994年实施《国家八七扶贫攻坚计划(1994—2000年)》；2001年实施《中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2001—2010年)》；2011年实施《中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2011—2020年)》。
“现在我国扶贫工作的主战场和扶持的主要对象是832个片区县和重点县。” 国务院扶贫办副主任王国良说，这832个县经济社会发展总体上仍处于全国最落后的序列。
虽然实施了几轮扶贫规划，但是贫困县的评定标准并没有发生太大变化，农民人均纯收入、人均地方生产总值、人均财政收入等指标在贫困县的评定中占据很大权重。有专家认为，这样的评定标准对贫困发生率、贫困深度等衡量贫困程度的指标重视不够。
另外，一些贫困县认定和调整的透明度也不够高，一些地方甚至数据造假。记者查阅发现，2011年的调整，有的省份程序上甚至没有公示环节。
“有些贫困县的发展水平反而高于非贫困县。出现这种状况的原因，一是贫困县在确定过程中受地方政府公关能力等因素影响较大；二是一些贫困县在国家的扶持下取得长足发展但不及时退出。” 中国人民大学反贫困问题研究中心主任汪三贵坦言。
近1/3县戴穷帽
每年可获3000万到5000万元财政专项扶贫资金
王国良介绍，现在每个重点县每年能获得3000万—5000万元财政专项扶贫资金，还有一些专项转移支付和专门的政策措施。
一位武陵山片区的贫困县官员说：“这些年，国家对贫困县的基础设施、社会事业等倾斜投入越来越大，不少项目县里还不用配套，贫困帽带来的实惠越来越多。” 记者注意到，该县要率先摘帽的新闻报道了好几次，但时至今日，未见来真。
国务院扶贫办主任刘永富也坦言，贫困帽含金量比较高，退出没好处，“所以重点县干部群众不愿意退，也不敢退。”
目前全国几乎3个县就有一个戴着穷帽。“事实上还是有部分比较困难的县没纳入，无法得到国家重点扶持。”华中师范大学减贫与乡村治理研究中心主任陆汉文表示，有些重点县实际已经脱贫仍不愿摘帽，从而无法使有限的扶贫资源分配给没进重点县的穷县。
贫困帽戴上不愿摘，除了帽子含金量高，刘永富认为，更重要的是政绩观和考核体系问题，过去扶贫工作基本没有进入考核体系，就算扶贫工作做不好，扶持政策好处还可以保留。鉴于此，中央要求，对重点县的考核要由主要考核地区生产总值向主要考核减贫成效转变。不久前，中办、国办发布《关于创新机制扎实推进农村扶贫开发工作的意见》明确，要把提高贫困人口生活水平和减少贫困人口数量作为重点县主要考核指标。
陆汉文表示，这就意味着减贫摘帽将成为重点县党政领导的主要政绩。“指挥棒这样一调整，将为主动摘帽提供强大的内在动力。”
考核指挥棒的调整，为建立健全贫困县退出的正向激励机制开辟了道路。四川省南充市扶贫移民局局长冉中华告诉记者，该市近日给所辖4个重点县列出摘帽时间表——2017年年底前，为鼓励贫困县尽早摘帽，该市明确在2020年前摘帽的还能享受不变的政策。
退出机制正在制定
专家建议，排序后发展水平最高的县先退出
“重点县只是一个历史的过程，随着全面小康建成的临近，将逐步退出和减少。”王国良表示，目前国务院扶贫办正在研究制定有效的退出机制。
实际上，一些省份已进行了探索。最近的一次重点县调整中，共有9个省的38个原重点县退出。黑龙江省扶贫办副主任白春贵介绍，2011年，黑龙江对重点县进行了调整，通过统计部门2007—2009年3年平均人均地方财政收入、农民人均纯收入和2009年贫困发生率3项指标，对全省县(市)进行了测算和排序，然后确定名单。记者查阅了几个省份贫困县审批流程图发现，方法大同小异。
有关专家建议，制定退出机制时可以在此基础上再行完善，建立一套以收入和贫困程度指标为基础的、权重设置合理、数据来源可靠的指标体系。“指标体系以及重点县退出程序要对外公开便于监督。” 汪三贵说。
在此基础上，汪三贵建议设计一套反映县域贫困状况、经济社会发展水平和扶贫开发成效的动态监测评估体系，一方面用于考核重点县党政领导，另一方面通过动态调整重点县名单，保障国家扶贫资源投向最需要的地方。
在制定明确和透明的退出条件和程序的基础上，利用动态监测评估体系对现有重点县排序，发展水平最高的先退出，同时通过改革，从机制上弱化重点县在扶贫资源分配中的作用，扶贫资源加速重心下沉，更多瞄准贫困村，从而减少退出阻力。“县改市可以成为下一阶段重点县退出工作的试点和抓手。”汪三贵说。
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