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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/3/20 6:26:18 Deputy Minister of public security： 100 million people settled in the cities and towns in line with the actual
On March 19, the State Council information Office, the national new-type urbanization planning (2014-2020) (hereinafter referred to as the plan) Conference.
Deputy Xu Xianping, Director of the national development and Reform Commission, presented at the Conference, the main elements of the plan can be summarized as a main line, four major tasks, five reform. In particular, the main lines, which is people-centered, four modernizations synchronization, optimization, ecology civilization and cultural heritage of new-type urbanization path with Chinese characteristics. Four major tasks is the orderly transfer of population urbanization of agriculture, optimizing the layout and shape of urbanization, raising the city's capacity for sustainable development, promote the integration of urban and rural development. Five reforms is to comprehensively promote the population management, land management, financial security, reform of urban housing, eco-environmental protection, improving the urbanization development of institutional mechanisms.
"Upon request of the planning departments taking part in the further development of the implementation of the plan of implementation of the programme. "An official from the national development and Reform Commission on the 21st century business Herald describes, where urbanization plan to develop in line with local conditions and specific policy measures," implementation will, to a large extent determine the success of the plan. "
100 million people settled in cities and towns in line with the actual
In five of the planned reform, population management reforms at the top.
According to Xu Xianping introduced last year, China's urban population of 730 million, which includes more than 200 million migrant workers and their families. Migrant workers have become the subject of China's industrial workers, but they could not enjoy treatment of urban residents. "First raised the plan population urbanization rate and domicile population urbanization rate of two indicators, this is the biggest difference in the past, is also the biggest advances. ”
According to the plan, by 2020, to achieve agricultural of around 100 million transfer target for population and other residents at the town was settled in, the key to realizing this goal is reform of household registration system can keep up with.
In this regard, the Ministry of public security Vice Minister Huang Ming said, last year, and the national development and Reform Commission and the ministries of public security, research established the presentation of views on further promoting the reform of the household registration system, and solicit comments on it. After of urbanization in the central work Conference was held in December last year, relevant departments carefully according to the spirit of the revised and improved. In mid-February this year, General Office of the issuing departments and solicit opinions from all over again, is being further revised and improved, reported that the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for approval as soon as possible.
Huang Ming-further revealed that the changed policy and the planning of matching, is respect for the principles of the reform of will, choice, suit measures to local conditions, step-by-step advancement, memory priorities, driving incremental. Reforms focused on agriculture focused on the transfer of population and other residents. Into town to give priority to a good long, employment ability of the population settled in the issue, University graduates, graduates from vocational and technical institutes, technology workers and towns settled in the rate of the population.
According to Huang Ming-Agency, Ministry of public security recently in conjunction with the National Bureau of statistics, to study predicted the reform policies, such as transfer of agricultural population settled in the town of around 100 million, are realistic and practical. Of course, achieve this goal truly is not only dependent on the household register policy adjustments, to rely on the healthy development of urbanization, especially in speeding up the construction of small cities and towns development also depends on household registration system matched with related policies, including the Equalization of basic public services in place, and to fully respect the wishes of farmers.
Mega-cities to rein in population size
In addition to household registration, affected populations an important constraint on management reform, towns and morphology.
Xu Xianping introduction, since the layout of the city, now city of more than 1 million people in China has reached 142, 1978, when only 29. Among them, more than 10 million people in the city had 6 in the world which is 25, 5 million-10 million the city had 10. A number of mega-cities population size and intensification of the contradictions in the comprehensive bearing capacity, the need for effective regulation.
Analysis on Huang Ming, strict control of mega-city of more than 5 million people in population size, which are determined by China's national conditions, population, unbalanced, have obvious advantages of a big city, brought together a large number of migrant population.
Like Beijing, the 12 years from 2000 to 2012, floating population increase of 5.17 million, an annual increase of 430,000. Shanghai grew by 530,000 a year, annual rate of 430,000, Guangzhou, Shenzhen annual rate of 560,000. Resource and environment in these cities too much pressure, you do need lightening. So is supporting the household registration policy and planning, we must strictly control the size of the population of these cities, and to hold on tight.
"Throughout the two sessions this year, mega-cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, an important signal, is the scientific orientation of urban functions, proper evacuation of some city functions, speed up industrial restructuring and upgrading, to transfer some labor-intensive industries, optimize population structure. In other words, strictly control the population size is not only a household registration policy, it is necessary to take into account, there are a variety of other measures to guide population, urban population structure more scientific and rational, and more conducive to economic and social development of the city. "Huang Ming said.
Does this mean that the workers did not want to settle in large cities? "Don't say ' no hope ', I think the hope is there, but not like other big cities, especially not big as small cities. If you want to dream of the city as soon as possible, medium and small cities more realistic. If you want to select mega-cities, it is necessary to actively create conditions, but also to maintain a good attitude and plenty of patience. "Huang Ming stressed.
In addition, the plan has clearly made, various towns to be adapted to local conditions to develop specific criteria for transfer of agricultural population settled in the, and to the public and guide the transfer of agricultural population in the towns set up expectations and choices.
(Original title: principles of new urban household registration reform Express)
3月19日，国务院新闻办公室召开《国家新型城镇化规划(2014-2020)》(下称《规划》)发布会。
国家发改委副主任徐宪平在发布会上介绍，《规划》的主要内容可以归纳为一条主线、四大任务、五项改革。具体而言，一条主线，就是走以人为本、四化同步、优化布局、生态文明、文化传承的中国特色新型城镇化道路。四大任务就是有序推进农业转移人口市民化，优化城镇化布局和形态，提高城市可持续发展能力，推动城乡发展一体化。五项改革就是要统筹推进人口管理、土地管理、资金保障、城镇住房、生态环境保护等制度改革，完善城镇化发展体制机制。
“根据要求，《规划》的参与部门还将分别制定落实《规划》的实施方案。”国家发改委一位官员对21世纪经济报道介绍，地方也要研究制定符合本地实际的城镇化规划和具体政策措施，“地方的执行情况将在很大程度上决定《规划》的成败”。
1亿人落户城镇符合实际
在《规划》的五项改革中，人口管理改革排在首位。
据徐宪平介绍，去年我国城镇人口有7.3亿，其中包含2亿多农民工及其家属。农民工已经成为我国产业工人的主体，但是他们未能享受城镇居民的待遇。“《规划》首次提出了常住人口城镇化率和户籍人口城镇化率两个指标，这是与以往最大的不同，也是最大的进步。”
根据《规划》，到2020年要实现1亿左右的农业转移人口和其他常住人口在城镇落户的目标，而这一目标实现的关键在于户籍制度改革能否跟得上。
对此，公安部副部长黄明透露，去年公安部和发改委以及各个部委，研究制定了《关于进一步推进户籍制度改革的意见》文稿，并广泛征求了意见。去年12月召开了中央城镇化工作会议之后，有关部门根据会议的精神进行认真修改完善。今年2月中旬，国务院办公厅再次印发各部门、各地广泛征求意见，目前正在进一步修改完善，尽快报党中央、国务院审批。
黄明进一步透露，户改的政策与《规划》是配套的，改革的原则为尊重意愿、自主选择，因地制宜、分步推进，存量优先，带动增量。改革的重点是以农业转移人口为重点，兼顾其他常住人口。要优先解决好进城时间长、就业能力强的人口落户的问题，要提高高校毕业生、职业技术院校毕业生、技术工人等人口的城镇落户率。
根据黄明介绍，最近公安部会同国家统计局，对户改的政策进行了研究预测，认为包括1亿左右的农业转移人口落户城镇，是符合实际的，也是切实可行的。当然，这个目标真正的实现不仅是要依靠户籍政策的调整，还要依靠城镇化建设的健康发展，尤其是加快中小城市和建制镇的建设发展，还要依靠与户籍制度相配套的相关政策，包括基本公共服务均等化的落实到位，而且要充分尊重农民群众的意愿。
特大城市严控人口规模
在户籍之外，影响人口管理改革的一个重要制约因素，即城镇的布局和形态。
徐宪平介绍，从城市的布局来看，现在我国100万人口以上的城市已经达到了142个，1978年时只有29个。其中，1000万人口以上的城市有6个，世界上也就是25个，500万-1000万的城市有10个。一些特大城市人口规模与综合承载能力的矛盾在加剧，需要进行有效的调控。
黄明分析，严格控制500万以上人口的特大城市人口规模，这是中国的国情决定的，人口多、不平衡，大城市的优势明显，聚集了大量的外来人口。
像北京，2000年到2012年这12年间，流动人口增加了517万，每年增长43万。上海每年增长53万，广州每年增长43万，深圳每年增长56万。这些城市资源环境的压力太大，确实需要减负。所以户籍政策与规划是配套的，要严格控制这些城市的人口规模，要坚持从紧。
“今年各地的两会，北京、上海等特大城市就有一个重要的信号，就是要科学定位城市功能，适当疏散一些城市功能，加快产业转型升级，要转移一些劳动密集型的产业，优化人口结构。这就是说，严格控制人口规模不仅是一个户籍政策，它是要综合考虑的，还有其他多种措施，引导人口有进有出，使城市人口结构更加科学合理，更加有利于城市经济社会发展。”黄明说。
这是否意味着农民工没有希望落户特大城市了？“不要一概地讲‘没有希望’，我认为希望是有的，但不会像其他大城市，尤其不会像中小城市那么大。如果要尽快实现城市梦，中小城市比较现实。如果要选择特大城市，既要积极创造条件，还要保持良好的心态和足够的耐心。”黄明强调。
此外，《规划》明确提出，各类城镇要因地制宜制定农业转移人口落户的具体标准，并向社会公布，引导农业转移人口在城镇落户的预期和选择。
（原标题：新型城镇化户籍改革原则明确 ）
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