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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/3/24 4:27:59 People’s daily： financial regulatory policy is good for the user of the Internet，
People's daily: financial regulatory policy is good for the user of the Internet-Internet banking-IT information People's daily: Internet financial regulatory policies are good for users
On March 11, with Tencent, Alibaba announced the forthcoming launch of China CITIC Bank virtual credit card, customer accounts through existing PayPal or credit card online "application, issuing, payment", automatic opening and binding a shortcut after payment can be used to shop online. QR code (barcode) to pay had also infiltrated the everyday life of ordinary people. Many shopping malls and supermarkets launches paid the bar code, as long as "relaxed" sweep-sweep ", will be able to direct payments through the payment of accounts.
However, after the media reported a number of QR codes to pay consumers ' accounts were stolen in the case. Virtual credit card can bring experience to bad, the Central Bank suspended the two operations. "Pause" the wave of open, the Central Bank is still in the drafting process of the payment services providers online payment business management approach (draft for soliciting opinions) was disclosed on the Internet.
In this regard, differed in the market. Respondents believed that Internet financial management should be strengthened, and to promote their healthy development. Opponents believe that these policy statements the Bank Internet banking "observation period" ended, supervisory began to up the ante. Some even believed that these policies are designed to protect the interests of commercial banks of China UnionPay,. Their analysis, third party payment services providers will be paid under the line go to the line, bypassing the UnionPay system to transfer a liquidation, also reduces the UnionPay online payment process for fee income, which is the Central Bank to pause a virtual credit card and QR code (barcode) main reason for the payment.
How real? How about viewing the Internet finance "new policy"? This reporter had an interview with Central, marketing agencies and experts and scholars.
· To prevent risks, protect the interests of consumers is that the Central Bank in the first place
Experts believe that the two-dimensional codes, such as through the financial industry security certification, it is possible to start again. Can restart the virtual credit card, depends on whether its defects can compensate for
Controversy, many experts say, market regulatory policy read the wrong understanding of ingredients. QR code (barcode) payments, virtual credit card just pause rather than stop. To prevent risks, protection of consumers ' rights Bank real estate school.
Current QR payment did present certain risks. "QR payment security barrier enough, online banking payments in payment password, requiring customers to enter the SMS verification code as the secondary authentication, and QR codes to pay simply enter payment password to complete. The other hand, if smartphones are infected with viruses or Trojans, payment accounts and payment password is most likely to be exposed, the QR code information can be tampered with, resulting in accounts receivable account and the amount paid is modified. "Huang Zhen, Director of the Institute of finance and economics professor, Faculty of law, financial law said.
"Why are looking around the world in both developed and emerging markets, no QR codes to cover cases of large-scale application? Answer is currently the financial level QR common criteria for certification is not complete construction, lack of third-party safety testing and certification system. "The Assistant General Manager for electronic banking, Bank of China Dong Junfeng said relative POS of bank card acquiring universal authentication system, there is no authority for the Internet start-up launched the QR code verification algorithm or linear bar code equipment under safety certification. China was an e-class client base of market, before embarking on a large-scale promotion QR payment repudiation would lead to malicious tampering, transactions, and many other possibilities of damaging the interests of consumers.
Huang Zhen believes that future QR payment through the financial industry security certification, guarantee the security of its operations and payment instructions, it is possible to start again.
Risk control of virtual credit card is omitted, and softened the card issuing key link, the same risks. "Current line cards should follow the ' three ' principles that saw the applicant himself, the Nucleophilic applicant ID card, saw his own signature. But even so, the entity will still be a risk in the credit event occurs, not to mention unable to follow the ' three ' principles of virtual credit card? "The Secretary General of China Association of payment and clearing Cai Hongbo says.
Cai Hongbo said that If now allows virtual credit card, could not only impact the financial accounts of real-name system, risks such as buried cash in money-laundering, is also inconsistent with commercial bank counter entities, credit cards issued by regulatory standards, to the implementation of existing supervisory standards of banks is unfair . "Restart the virtual credit card in the future, depends on both ' defects ' can make up for it. My judgment is even allowed to start a virtual credit card, because of its ' weak real name ' features, functionality, I'm afraid, amount also will be limited. ”
· Networks to pay for new policies, payment institutions, will regulators introduced three parties reached a consensus on the basis of the final consumer
Future will solicit public comment. If consumers view account features and specific limit is unreasonable, can also be changed accordingly
Rules of the Deputy President Liu Shiyu in accept newspaper exclusive interview Shi said, on network paid business developed specifically of management approach is Bank and industry of consensus, this based Shang, Bank and industry has interactive 3 years has, currently on account features divided and introduced lines management is belonging to further of consensus, but in specific features divided and specific lines limit aspects, industry different institutions Zhijian on has differences, also needed do further of communication and demonstration. Circulating on the Internet of the paying agent network cover the operational management approach (draft for soliciting opinions) is the Central Bank and paying agent for point-to-point communication between recent working papers, can say for sure, this is the way the focus not on the specific amount set, but instead on the business and process various types of risk control .
"Financial services is to provide the public services of the Internet, we believe that communication with the public and financial institutions to communicate with the Internet are equally important. Banks and payment institutions in the future on the basis of consensus, the management will also solicit public comment. If consumers view account features and a specific amount set unreasonable, whether it is too loose or too tight, to related articles adjusted accordingly. In short, it is important to regulators, payment institutions, consumers between the three parties sought ' gcd ', finally released the administrative measures on the basis of consensus. "Liu Shiyu said.
Circulating on the Internet of the paying agent network cover the operational management approach (draft for soliciting opinions) also reflects the Central Bank's thinking on the orientation of third party payment. "The management of ' transfers ' means no trading background balance of personal remittances, rather than buy the treasure Act. Such a ' transfer ' business limits, regulators want to minimize the weak real-name accounts for the payment of the transfer, not restrictions on consumer shopping. In short, you can use third-party payment as payment channels, but don't want you to put the money in the Bank in charging to a third-party payment account, then transferred in the account for these payments . "Ren Zhi Chen Yu, the asset management group partner said that because the payment is" weak real name ", so from the perspective of anti-money-laundering, the Central Bank should be no trading background led to the large remittances of" strong name "commercial bank. In fact, large-value payments are strictly regulated in all countries of the world, foreign standards higher than China 's.
Chen Yu believes that third-party payment should be established by returning to its original intention, namely as a payment instrument for commodity trading, based on micropayments. "Licence is issued to a third party payment because it is more a pay channel. So-called pay channel, is based on the commodity exchange, helps better circulation of funds, rather than withhold funds or funds purely for funds transfers. ”
· Encourage Internet innovation of financial development concept, direction, policy has not changed
Now that is innovation, you'll certainly have mistakes and risks. Inclusive both our mistakes, but also to prevent the risk
"The Central Bank paused virtual credit cards primarily to safeguard fair competition in the market. Line entities credit card regulatory standards are more restrictive, if virtual credit conditions easing, thanks to the accumulation of Internet companies pay hundreds of millions of users, issuing virtual credit cards banks will obtain unfair competitive advantages, competition caused mutations and related adjustments. As financial authorities, central banks are supposed to maintain fair market rules and order to regulate violations of existing rules of conduct. In the United States, if there are breakthroughs without permission has been supervising financial institutions rules, not only their behavior be reined in, and may also be subject to heavy penalties. "Huang Zhen said that as for QR codes (bar codes) to pay, there have been some signs, some users complained, central banks and other financial authorities ought to take the necessary regulatory measures in a timely manner, to protect the interests of consumers.
"In a Word, central banks are not in the so-called Union, bank interest, making new policies introduced. As a National Central Bank, is thinking more in terms of people's Bank to maintain financial market order and prevent financial risks, protect the interests of consumers. "Huang Zhen said.
The new policy does not mean the Central Bank's attitude towards Internet banking has changed. "It should be said, the Central Bank encouraged financial growth of the Internet and innovative ideas, directions, policies have not changed, Internet inclusive finance is an important part of finance, there is strong market demand, should be supported, should also have a corresponding market share. "Huang Zhen said.
Innovation and risk is always go together. Bank think, in active support and encourages Internet financial innovation development of while, also to sober awareness to Internet financial reserves of risk, awareness to Internet financial of financial features property and financial risk property, should through moderate regulatory of the measures will potential risk control in can expected, and can bear of range within, promotion to innovation for power of this a new financial services State in can continued of track Shang health development.
"Pratt and Whitney of the popularity of the Internet and financial services enhancement has been the depth of integration, mutually reinforcing trends, Internet banking is the product of innovation, since it is innovation, you'll certainly have mistakes and risks. All inclusive growth and solid financial services innovation to economic development should be respected. Inclusive both our mistakes and guard against risks, and adhere to the bottom line of thinking, dealing with the relationship between innovation, development and risk. "Liu Shiyu stressed.
人民日报：互联网金融监管政策是为用户好 - 互联网金融 - IT资讯人民日报：互联网金融监管政策是为用户好
3月11日，中信银行与腾讯、阿里巴巴宣布即将联合推出网上虚拟信用卡，客户通过现有的支付宝或微信账号可以实现信用卡在线“即申请、即发卡、即支付”，自动开卡并绑定快捷支付后，就可用于网上购物。而二维码（条码）支付也已渗入普通人的日常生活。不少商场和超市推出扫码支付，只要轻松“扫一扫”，就能直接通过支付账户付款。
可是，此前有关媒体报道了多起二维码支付中消费者账户资金被盗事例。虚拟信用卡可能带来的体验还未尝到，央行便暂停了这两项业务。“暂停”风潮未平，央行尚在起草过程中的《支付机构网络支付业务管理办法（征求意见稿）》又在网上被披露。
对此，市场各方说法不一。赞成者认为，应当加强对互联网金融的管理，促进其健康发展。反对者则认为，这些政策说明央行对互联网金融的“观察期”结束，监管开始加码。还有人甚至认为，这些政策是为了保护中国银联、商业银行的利益。他们分析，第三方支付机构将线下支付转到线上，绕开了银联系统进行转接清算，也相应减少了线下支付过程中银联获取的手续费收入，这才是央行暂停虚拟信用卡和二维码（条码）支付的主因。
事实究竟怎样？应当如何正确看待这些互联网金融“新政策”？本报记者采访了央行、市场机构和专家学者。
· 防范风险、保护消费者权益是央行的初衷
专家认为，二维码如能通过金融行业相关安全认证，还是有可能再次启动。能否重启虚拟信用卡，取决于其缺陷能否弥补
面对争议，不少专家坦言，市场对这些监管政策的理解有误读的成分。二维码（条码）支付、虚拟信用卡只是暂停而非叫停。防范风险、保护消费者权益是央行出手的初衷。
目前二维码支付的确存在一些风险隐患。“二维码支付安全性屏障不够，网银支付一般在支付密码之外，要求客户输入短信验证码作为辅助验证，而二维码支付只需输入支付密码就能完成。另一方面，如果智能手机感染病毒或木马，支付账号和支付密码极有可能被泄露，二维码信息也可能被篡改，导致收款账户和支付金额被修改。”中央财经大学法学院教授、金融法研究所所长黄震说。
“为什么环顾全球发达国家和新兴市场，没有二维码支付大规模应用的案例？答案是目前金融级应用的二维码认证通用标准还未完整构建，缺少第三方安全检测和认证体系。”中国银行电子银行部助理总经理董俊峰说，相对银行卡收单的POS通用认证体系，目前还没有权威机构可对各家互联网企业推出的二维码认证算法或线下扫码机具做安全认证。中国是一个亿级客户基数的市场，如果贸然大规模推广二维码支付，会带来恶意篡改、交易抵赖等诸多损害消费者利益的可能性。
黄震认为，未来二维码支付如能通过金融行业相关安全认证，保证其操作和支付指令的安全性，还是有可能再次启动。
而虚拟信用卡省去和弱化了发卡风险控制的关键环节，同样有风险隐患。“目前线下信用卡发卡应遵循‘三亲’原则，即亲见申请人本人、亲核申请人身份证原件、亲见申请人本人签字。但即使这样，在实体信用卡中仍然会有风险事件发生，更何况无法遵循‘三亲’原则的虚拟信用卡？”中国支付清算协会秘书长蔡洪波说。
蔡洪波指出，如果现在就允许虚拟信用卡发行，不仅可能冲击金融账户实名制，埋下洗钱、套现等风险隐患，还会与商业银行柜台发行的实体信用卡监管标准不一致，对执行现有监管标准的商业银行来说是不公平的。“未来重新启动虚拟信用卡，取决于这两个‘缺陷’能否弥补。我判断，即使允许启动虚拟信用卡，由于其‘弱实名’的特点，恐怕在功能、金额上也会作点限制。”
· 网络支付新政策一定会在监管部门、支付机构、消费者三方达成共识的基础上最终出台
未来将广泛征求公众意见。如果消费者认为账户功能和具体额度不合理，还可以相应修改
中国人民银行副行长刘士余在接受本报独家采访时表示，对网络支付业务制定专门的管理办法是央行与业界的共识，在此基础上，央行与业界已经互动3年了，目前对账户功能划分和实行额度管理也是属于进一步的共识，但在具体功能划分和具体额度限制方面，业界不同机构之间就有分歧，还需做进一步的沟通和论证。网上流传的《支付机构网络支付业务管理办法（征求意见稿）》就是央行和一些支付机构之间进行点对点沟通的最近工作底稿，可以肯定地说，这个办法的重心不在具体额度设定上，而是在业务及流程的各类风险控制上。
“互联网金融是为大众服务的，我们认为，与社会公众的沟通和与互联网金融机构的沟通同等重要。将来在央行和支付机构达成共识的基础上，《管理办法》还将广泛征求公众意见。如果消费者认为账户功能和具体额度设置不合理，无论是过松还是过紧，均要对相关条款作相应的调整。总之，一定要在监管部门、支付机构、消费者三方之间寻求‘最大公约数’，在达成共识的基础上最终出台《管理办法》。”刘士余说。
网上流传的《支付机构网络支付业务管理办法（征求意见稿）》也折射出央行对第三方支付定位的思考。“《管理办法》中的‘转账’是指没有任何交易背景的个人汇款而非买余额宝等行为。对这种‘转账’业务的限制，可能是监管部门想尽量减少弱实名的支付账户间的划转，并非限制个人消费购物。简单说，就是你可以将第三方支付作为通道进行支付，但不希望你把银行的钱充到第三方支付账户里去，然后再在这些支付账户里划转。”仁和智本资产管理集团合伙人陈宇说，由于网络支付是“弱实名”，因此从反洗钱等角度出发，央行应当将没有交易背景的大额汇款引导到“强实名”的商业银行中去进行。事实上，世界各国都严格监管大额支付行为，国外的标准还高于中国。
陈宇认为，第三方支付应当回归其设立的初衷，即作为商品交易的支付工具，立足小额支付。“当初给第三方支付颁发牌照是因为它更多是一种通道型支付。所谓通道型支付，就是立足商品交易，帮助资金更好地流转，而不是截留资金或是资金对资金的纯粹划转。”
· 鼓励互联网金融发展创新的理念、方向、政策没变
既然是创新，就肯定有失误和风险。我们既要包容失误，同时也要防范风险
“央行暂停虚拟信用卡主要是为了维护市场的公平竞争。如今线下实体信用卡监管标准相对严格，如果虚拟信用卡适用条件宽松，借助互联网企业积累的数亿支付用户，发行虚拟信用卡的银行就会获得不公平的竞争优势，引起竞争格局突变和相关利益调整。作为金融主管部门，央行理应维护公平的市场规则和秩序，对违反原有规则的行为进行监管。在美国，如果有金融机构擅自突破已有监管规则，不仅相关行为会被叫停，而且还会受到重罚。”黄震说，至于二维码（条码）支付，目前已经出现了一些风险苗头，屡有用户投诉，央行等金融主管部门理应及时采取必要的监管措施，保护消费者权益。
“一句话，央行不是为了所谓银联、银行的利益而出台、酝酿新政策。作为一个国家的中央银行，人民银行更多考虑的是维护金融市场秩序及防范金融风险、保护消费者权益。”黄震说。
这些新政策也不代表央行对互联网金融的态度发生了变化。“应当说，央行鼓励互联网金融发展创新的理念、方向、政策没有改变，互联网金融是包容性金融的重要组成部分，有旺盛的市场需求，应当给予支持，也应当占有相应的市场份额。”黄震说。
创新和风险总是相伴相生。央行认为，在积极支持和鼓励互联网金融创新发展的同时，也要清醒认识到互联网金融蕴藏的风险，认识到互联网金融的金融功能属性和金融风险属性，应当通过适度监管的各项措施将潜在风险控制在可预期、可承受的范围内，促进以创新为动力的这一新型金融服务业态在可持续的轨道上健康发展。
“互联网应用的大众化和金融服务的普惠功能提升已经呈深度融合、相互促进的大趋势，互联网金融是创新的产物，既然是创新，就肯定有失误和风险。一切有利于包容性增长和实体经济发展的金融服务创新都应当受到尊重。我们既要包容失误，又要防范风险，坚持底线思维，才能处理好创新、发展与风险之间的关系。”刘士余强调。
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