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The author:(作者)归海一刀
published in(发表于) 2014/3/25 23:04:19
All cities of Beijing， Tianjin and Hebei last year exceeded the annual average PM2.5 concentrations full

March 25, according to the Department of environmental protection Web site, today released to the media by the Ministry in charge of environmental protection Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions and municipalities, provincial capitals and cities in 74 cities in 2013-air quality conditions. All cities of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 are exceeded, relatively poor air quality in the top 10 city of xingtai, Shijiazhuang, Handan and Tangshan, Baoding, Langfang and Zhengzhou, Jinan, hengshui, XI ' an.

Results showed that in 2013 in 74 cities, Haikou, Lhasa, Zhoushan, 3 cities, the average annual concentration of pollution indicators have reached the secondary standard, other excessive 71 cities existed to varying degrees. Relatively good air quality in top 10 cities are Zhoushan, Lhasa, Haikou, Fuzhou, Shenzhen, Huizhou, Zhuhai, Xiamen, and Guiyang in Lishui; the air is relatively poor quality of the top 10 cities in xingtai, Shijiazhuang, Handan and Tangshan, Baoding, Langfang and Zhengzhou, Jinan, hengshui, XI ' an. Analysis from the days towards the city, 74 days towards the average ratio of 60.5%, lightly polluted, 22.9% pollution 8%, severe and serious pollution at 8.6%. Among them, 10 cities such as Lhasa, Haikou, Fuzhou, standard 80%-100% days; in 47 cities, such as Dalian, Zhangjiakou, Guiyang standard 50%-80% days; 17 cities such as Shijiazhuang, Handan, xingtai, days of reaching less than 50%. From main pollutants concentration analysis, 74 a city fine particles property (PM2.5) annual concentration for 72 μg/cubic meters, only Lhasa, and Haikou, and Zhoushan 3 a city standard, standard city proportion for 4.1%; can inhalation particles property (PM10) annual concentration for 118 μg/cubic meters, 11 a city standard, standard city proportion for 14.9%; II oxidation nitrogen (NO2) annual concentration for 44 μg/cubic meters, 29 a city standard, standard city proportion for 39.2%; II oxidation sulfur ( SO2) annual average concentration of 40 μg/m3, standard 64 cities, reaching 86.5% per cent of the city, and ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO), respectively, according to the maximum daily 8-hour standard (160 mg/m) and the average standard value (4 mg/m) to evaluate, target cities 77% and 86.5%, respectively.

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region a total of 13 prefecture-level cities and above, air quality compliance days accounted for an average of 37.5%, 23% lower proportion than average compliance days in 74 cities, there were 10 days of reaching the city contribution is less than 50%, primary PM2.5 pollutant, followed by PM10 and O3. Beijing Jin JI regional all city PM2.5 and PM10 years average concentration are exceeded, regional within PM2.5 years average concentration for 106 μg/cubic meters, PM10 years average concentration for 181 μg/cubic meters; SO2 years average concentration for 69 μg/cubic meters, 6 a city exceeded; NO2 years average concentration for 51 μg/cubic meters, 10 a city exceeded; CO by daily standard value evaluation has 7 a city exceeded; O3 by day maximum 8 hours standard evaluation has 5 a city exceeded. 48%, proportional to the number of days of reaching Beijing, severe pollution days and above for 16%. For PM2.5, PM10 and NO2,PM2.5 annual average concentrations of the main pollutants to 89.5 μg/m3, the PM10 annual average concentrations of 108 mg/m, annual average NO2 concentrations to 56 μg/m3.

Total of 25 and above in Yangtze River Delta region cities, air quality compliance days accounted for an average of 64.2%, 3.7% higher than average compliance days in 74 cities. In 25 cities, Lishui, Zhoushan and 2 cities, air quality is up to standard 80%-100% days, with the remaining 23 days in 50%-80% towards the city. Primary PM2.5 pollutant, followed by O3 and PM10. Long triangle regional 25 a city in the, PM2.5 annual concentration for 67 μg/cubic meters, 24 a city exceeded; PM10 annual concentration for 103 μg/cubic meters, 23 a city exceeded; NO2 annual concentration for 42 μg/cubic meters, 15 a city exceeded; SO2 annual concentration for 30 μg/cubic meters, all city are standard; O3 by day maximum 8 hours standard evaluation has 4 a city exceeded; CO by daily standard value evaluation, all city are standard. 67.4%, proportional to the number of days of reaching Shanghai, and severe pollution days and above for 6.3%. For PM2.5, PM10 and NO2,PM2.5 annual average concentrations of the main pollutants 62 μg/m, annual average PM10 concentrations of 84 μg/m, annual average NO2 concentrations of 48 μg/m3.

Pearl River Delta region a total of 9 prefecture-level cities and above, air quality compliance days accounted for an average of 76.3%, 15.8% higher than average compliance days in 74 cities. In 9 cities, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Huizhou 80% more days of reaching other cities standard 50%-80% days, and primary PM2.5 pollutant, followed by O3 and NO2. Beads triangle regional 9 a city in the, PM2.5 annual concentration for 47 μg/cubic meters, all city are exceeded; PM10 annual concentration for 70 μg/cubic meters, 4 a city exceeded; NO2 annual concentration for 41 μg/cubic meters, 4 a city exceeded; SO2 annual concentration for 21 μg/cubic meters, all city are standard; O3 by day maximum 8 hours standard evaluation 5 a city exceeded; CO by daily standard value evaluation, all city are standard. Guangzhou days of reaching 71% per year of severe pollution and above. For PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 of the main pollutants, where the annual average PM2.5 concentrations for 53 μg/m3, the PM10 annual average concentration of 72 mg/m, annual average NO2 concentrations of 52 μg/m3.

The official noted that, through the analysis of 74 cities, air quality monitoring results, the following conclusions can be drawn: one is the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province, is a relatively heavy air pollution. Most heavy air pollution in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region. In the 13 cities of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, have 11 ranked in top 20 most polluted cities, among which 7 cities ranked in the top 10 in some cities air pollution days and above accounted for about 40% the number of days for the year. Second is to highlight the characteristics of compound pollution. Traditional coal-burning pollution, car exhaust pollution and secondary pollution overlay each other, not only in some cities of PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded, NO2, O3, there are varying degrees of overweight. Three are rendered obvious seasonal pattern of air pollution. A quarter and four quarters is the air pollution in high season, 74 cities in PM2.5 concentrations to 96 μg/m3, respectively, 93 μg/m3, is nearly twice times, third-quarter season PM2.5 concentrations. Most frequently occurred particularly in the winter months, January 2013 and December heavy pollution days of heavy pollution days in total for the year 53.4%. In addition to factors such as pollutant emissions, coal-fired heating in winter in the North and adverse weather conditions are important factors in air pollution in the winter.

(Original title: 2013 all cities of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei area annual average PM2.5 concentrations all over)

　　中新网3月25日电 据环保部网站消息，环境保护部有关负责人今日向媒体发布京津冀、长三角、珠三角区域及直辖市、省会城市和计划单列市等74个城市2013年度空气质量状况。京津冀区域所有城市PM2.5和PM10年平均浓度均超标，空气质量相对较差的前10位城市是邢台、石家庄、邯郸、唐山、保定、济南、衡水、西安、廊坊和郑州。

　　结果表明，2013年74个城市中，海口、舟山、拉萨3个城市各项污染指标年均浓度均达到二级标准，其他71个城市存在不同程度超标现象。空气质量相对较好的前10位城市是海口、舟山、拉萨、福州、惠州、珠海、深圳、厦门、丽水和贵阳；空气质量相对较差的前10位城市是邢台、石家庄、邯郸、唐山、保定、济南、衡水、西安、廊坊和郑州。从城市达标天数分析，74个城市平均达标天数比例为60.5%，轻度污染占22.9%，中度污染占8.0%，重度及严重污染占8.6%。其中，拉萨、海口、福州等10个城市达标天数比例在80%-100%；大连、张家口、贵阳等47个城市达标天数比例在50%-80%；邢台、石家庄、邯郸等17个城市达标天数比例不足50%。从主要污染物浓度分析，74个城市细颗粒物(PM2.5)年均浓度为72微克/立方米，仅拉萨、海口、舟山3个城市达标，达标城市比例为4.1%；可吸入颗粒物(PM10)年均浓度为118微克/立方米， 11个城市达标，达标城市比例为14.9%；二氧化氮(NO2)年均浓度为44微克/立方米， 29个城市达标，达标城市比例为39.2%；二氧化硫(SO2)年均浓度为40微克/立方米，64个城市达标，达标城市比例为86.5%；臭氧(O3)和一氧化碳(CO)分别按日最大8小时标准(160微克/立方米)和日均标准值(4毫克/立方米)评价，达标城市比例分别为77%和86.5%。

　　京津冀区域共13个地级及以上城市，空气质量平均达标天数比例为37.5%，比74个城市平均达标天数比例低23个百分点，有10个城市达标天数比例低于50%，首要污染物为PM2.5，其次是PM10和O3。京津冀区域所有城市PM2.5和PM10年平均浓度均超标，区域内PM2.5年平均浓度为106微克/立方米，PM10年平均浓度为181微克/立方米；SO2年平均浓度为69微克/立方米，6个城市超标；NO2年平均浓度为51微克/立方米，10个城市超标；CO按日均标准值评价有7个城市超标；O3按日最大8小时标准评价有5个城市超标。北京市达标天数比例为48%，重度及以上污染天数比例为16%。主要污染物为PM2.5、PM10和NO2，PM2.5年均浓度为89.5微克/立方米，PM10年均浓度为108微克/立方米，NO2年均浓度为56微克/立方米。

　　长三角区域共25个地级及以上城市，空气质量平均达标天数比例为64.2%，高于74个城市平均达标天数比例3.7个百分点。25个城市中，舟山和丽水2个城市空气质量达标天数比例在80%-100%，其余23个城市达标天数在50%-80%。首要污染物为PM2.5，其次是O3和PM10。长三角区域25个城市中，PM2.5年均浓度为67微克/立方米，24个城市超标；PM10年均浓度为103微克/立方米，23个城市超标；NO2年均浓度为42微克/立方米，15个城市超标；SO2年均浓度为30微克/立方米，所有城市均达标；O3按日最大8小时标准评价有4个城市超标；CO按日均标准值评价，所有城市均达标。上海市达标天数比例为67.4%，重度及以上污染天数比例为6.3%。主要污染物为PM2.5、PM10和NO2，PM2.5年均浓度为62微克/立方米，PM10年均浓度为84微克/立方米，NO2年均浓度为48微克/立方米。

　　珠三角区域共9个地级及以上城市，空气质量平均达标天数比例为76.3%，高于74个城市平均达标天数比例15.8个百分点。9个城市中，深圳、珠海和惠州的达标天数比例在80%以上，其他城市达标天数比例在50%-80%，首要污染物为PM2.5，其次是O3和NO2。珠三角区域9个城市中，PM2.5年均浓度为47微克/立方米， 所有城市均超标；PM10年均浓度为70微克/立方米，4个城市超标；NO2年均浓度为41微克/立方米，4个城市超标；SO2年均浓度为21微克/立方米，所有城市均达标；O3按日最大8小时标准评价5个城市超标；CO按日均标准值评价，所有城市均达标。广州市达标天数比例为71%，全年无重度及以上污染。主要污染物为PM2.5、PM10和NO2，其中，PM2.5年均浓度为53微克/立方米，PM10年均浓度为72微克/立方米，NO2年均浓度为52微克/立方米。

　　这位负责人指出，通过分析74个城市空气质量监测结果，可以得出以下结论：一是京津冀、长三角、珠三角是空气污染相对较重区域。京津冀区域空气污染最重。京津冀13个城市中，有11个城市排在污染最重的前20位，其中有7个城市排在前10位，部分城市空气重度及以上污染天数占全年天数40%左右。二是复合型污染特征突出。传统的煤烟型污染、汽车尾气污染与二次污染相互叠加，部分城市不仅PM2.5和PM10超标，NO2、O3也存在不同程度超标现象。三是空气污染呈现明显的季节性特征。一季度和四季度是空气重污染高发季节，74个城市PM2.5季均浓度分别为96微克/立方米、93微克/立方米，是第二、三季度PM2.5季均浓度的近2倍。尤以冬季发生频率最高，2013年1月和12月重污染天数占全年重污染总天数的53.4%。除污染物排放量大等因素，北方地区冬季燃煤取暖和不利气象条件是冬季空气重污染发生的重要因素。

(原标题：2013年京津冀区域所有城市PM2.5年均浓度全部超标)

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