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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/3/25 23:05:03 Construction of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations of administrative issues such as stronger market weakness
2014, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei blue book now published
Beijing Jin duo-led administrative region economic development regional development but has not yet been formed integration
Experts-Jing-Jin-JI built a world-class city group
Today, capital University of Economics and business and the social sciences documentation publishing house 2014-of the Jing-Jin-JI of the blue book. Blue book noted that the group currently in the urban agglomeration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei urban agglomeration development stage, ultra high concentration of large cities, small cities to absorb power, administrative power, highlighting issues such as market weakness.
Should focus on promoting the city blend and fusion of the future. Promote space optimization and quality improvement of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, to compose Beijing and Tianjin "tale" as a breakthrough point, building a world class city.
Urbanization of Beijing and Tianjin alone around the uneven development
Blue book noted that the number and expanding towns in the process of urbanization, cities evolve and become important growth pole of regional economic development. At present was formed 23 cities in China, including Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, three cities gathered with a land area of 2.8% 18% of the population, creating a 36% of gross domestic product, to be driving China's rapid economic growth and participation in the main platform for international economic cooperation and competition.
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, is in Beijing and Tianjin as the core, including the global metropolitan areas in Hebei province.
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations town population is higher than the national average. Trend is even more marked acceleration in recent years.
In 2012, the urban agglomeration in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban population ratio amounted to 58.93%, higher than the national average of 52.57%. Among them, Beijing and Tianjin have entered advanced stages of urbanization, urban population 86.2% and 81.55%, respectively, more than the world average level of population urbanization in developed regions. While only 46.8% per cent of the population of cities and towns in Hebei province, is still in the middle stages of urbanization, indicating uneven urbanization development within the urban agglomeration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.
Capital University of Economics and business analysis of the urban economy and Zhu Erjuan Professor School of public administration, large concentration of urban population in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, additional levels of urban population size is too small, population size is the "inverted pyramid" type.
Not only population size difference is too large, and economic power and economic structures are very different, reflecting strong central city agglomeration and urban agglomeration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei bearing capacity is weak, weak absorptive capacity of middle and small cities, and still has the potential of carrying capacity, such an unreasonable town architecture, eventually leads to lack of support for regional development.
Need from the lower scale level cities in fostering and developing new forms of higher level city to improve the urban system role in promoting the regional economy, promoting the coordinated development of regional economies.
Economic city "dual-core" GDP accounted for more than half
Blue book says, Beijing and Tianjin will not only geographically in the heart of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, but also of urban spatial structure in the core position, Beijing, Tianjin and amount of economic power and economic links between the two cities has been far greater than other cities, decisions and affect the growth of the region as a whole is Center of gravity and economic hub.
Judging from the economic strength, gross domestic product by 2012, two cities of Beijing and Tianjin and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations as a whole 53.7%.
From economic location degrees see, from 2000 to 2010, Beijing and Tianjin of economic location degrees are has high rose, and far above other city, and Beijing, and Tianjin adjacent of Langfang, and Chengde and Tangshan of economic location degrees also has rose, and distance Beijing, and Tianjin more far of city (as Shijiazhuang, and xingtai, and Handan) of economic location degrees is in in recent years has declined, reflect has Beijing and Tianjin cities of polarization effect still obviously, regional within not balance sexual also in increased.
Judging from the per capita GDP in 2012, Beijing and Tianjin's per capita GDP amounted to us $ 14027.13 and $ 15129.04, respectively, compared to $ 5838.95 in per capita GDP in Hebei province, is not only far below the two cities of Beijing and Tianjin, even lower than the national average for the same period ($ 6094). Scale city in Hebei province and its economic strength, with such a large gap exists between the two cities of Beijing and Tianjin, reflecting the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations "dual-core" pattern is remarkable, internal imbalances.
Regional development is just "cracked" is set not fusion
At present, divided on evolution of urban agglomerations in China mainly uses the start (prototype), development (development), maturity (stable) Division of the industrial cycle.
Blue book divides the evolution of urban agglomerations: boundary-breaking, group, access, integration, integration of the four phases. Phase space structure, industrial structure, population structure, infrastructure and economic tightness have markedly different characteristics.
Through on Beijing Jin JI urban agglomerations economic contact strength and city stream of analysis think, Beijing Jin JI urban agglomerations currently is urban agglomerations development of Group received stage, as City between appeared "points axis" structure; industry structure differences of trend enhanced; connection City between of "active pulse" (city iron, and highway, and fibre,) facilities formed; economic of close degrees enhanced, regional of flow, and logistics enhanced.
But Beijing, Tianjin and cities in the region more closely, and relatively loose with other cities; Beijing-Tianjin urban agglomeration is still greater than diffusion effect, urban economic gap remained between large three areas of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic system, not yet share resources, complementary, integrative development of win-win situation for interaction patterns.
Blue book said the future direction of the development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is a blend between urban and integration.
In terms of the spatial structure of the city should be promoted by "Mono" (or "dual-core") structure to the "multi core" structural transformation, from "circles" structure to the "grid" structural transformation; desalination-city borders, promote the integration of city development.
Functional stress of Beijing encourages the body migrate to Metro
Beijing Academy of social sciences, Institute of Economics, Dr Li Yanjun, Deputy researcher said central districts of Beijing, the stress of the population should be feature starting with the stress of the city, take measures to encourage administrative bodies and institutions migrate to Metro. Central city administrations and hospitals, schools, and scientific research institutions to take appropriate measures to limit development, such as restrictions on hospitals in the Center urban renewal and expansion, restrictions on schools expanding enrollment scale and so on.
Li Yanjun recommends, Government from city long-term development interests departure, in attention Metro municipal based facilities of construction, and life supporting facilities of construction, improve life friendly degree of while, should spirit with city with price of principles on new city residents charged based facilities, and public service, and traffic municipal facilities of service costs, and in appropriate of when, on Metro various service of costs take more offers of policy, to reduced suburb life of cost.
In addition to administrative measures, affordability of Government could also adopt economic measures to control the population explosion in central urban area.
Expert analysis
Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei should be built a system of joint meeting
Structure of development of China's three major cities in the urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta is "main core" structure, mainly in Shanghai core, regional integration in central cities such as Nanjing, Suzhou, and urban agglomeration in the Pearl River Delta and Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are "dual-core" structure.
Beads triangle urban agglomerations and Beijing Jin JI urban agglomerations and has different, beads triangle urban agglomerations has Guangdong Province unified coordination, and Beijing Jin JI urban agglomerations due to the city administrative institutional of split and around regional economic development interests of pursuit makes all city interests of conflict more heavy, core city Beijing, and Tianjin and Hebei Shijiazhuang, Culture Center City fragmentation, city industry development isomorphism phenomenon serious, urban agglomerations of integration of complementarity cooperation mechanism yet formed.
Expert advice should be introduced as soon as possible, "regional planning in Jing-Jin-JI area", strengthen cooperation among Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, diversion and undertake three functions and industry, layout optimization of regional spatial development, promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations within the city. Establishing a joint meeting system to coordinate the three local governments, form a unified collaboration platform and policies to promote mechanisms to change the fragmented situation.
This version of the article/reporter Wang TINGTING
2014京津冀蓝皮书今发布
京津双核带动区域发展但行政区域经济各求发展尚未形成一体化
专家——京津冀应建世界级城市群
今天，首都经济贸易大学及社会科学文献出版社发布2014年《京津冀蓝皮书》。蓝皮书指出，京津冀城市群目前处于城市群发展的组接阶段，存在超大城市高度集聚、中小城市吸纳力不足，行政强势、市场弱势等突出问题。
未来应重点促进城市间交融与融合。促进京津冀城市群空间优化与质量提升，应以谱写京津“双城记”为突破口，打造世界级城市群。
城镇化京津独大周边发展不均
蓝皮书指出，城镇化进程中城镇数量和规模不断扩大，城市群逐渐形成，并成为区域经济发展的重要增长极。目前我国正形成23个城市群，其中京津冀、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲三大城市群以2.8%的国土面积集聚了18%的人口，创造了36%的国内生产总值，成为拉动我国经济快速增长和参与国际经济合作与竞争的主要平台。
京津冀城市群，是以北京和天津为核心，包括河北省全域的大都市地区。
京津冀城市群城镇人口比例不仅高于全国平均水平。近年来更是呈现明显加速的态势。
2012年，京津冀城市群城镇人口比例达58.93%，高于全国52.57%的平均水平。其中，北京和天津已进入高级城镇化阶段，城镇人口比例分别为86.20%和81.55%，超过世界较发达地区人口城市化平均水平。而同年河北省的城镇人口比率只有46.80%，尚在城市化中期阶段，表明京津冀城市群内部城镇化发展不平衡。
首都经贸大学城市经济与公共管理学院教授祝尔娟分析称，京津冀地区超大城市人口过于集中，其他等级城市人口规模偏小，人口规模呈“倒金字塔”型。
不仅人口规模分布差异过大，而且经济实力与经济结构也相差悬殊，反映了京津冀城市群中心城市集聚力强而承载力弱，中小城市吸纳能力弱而承载能力尚有潜力，这种不合理的城镇体系结构，最终会导致区域发展缺乏支撑力。
因此需要从较低规模等级的城市中培育和发展出新的更高等级的城市，以提高城市体系对区域经济的推动作用，促进区域经济的协调发展。
经济城市“双核”GDP占比过半
蓝皮书称，北京和天津不仅在地理位置上处于京津冀城市群的中心地带，而且在城市空间结构中也处于核心位置，京津的经济实力和两市之间的经济联系量一直远大于其他城市，是决定和影响整个区域的增长重心和经济中枢。
从经济实力来看，2012年北京和天津两市地区生产总值之和占整个京津冀城市群的53.7%。
从经济区位度来看，从2000年到2010年，北京和天津的经济区位度都有较高上升，且远远高于其他城市，与北京、天津相邻的廊坊、承德和唐山的经济区位度也有所上升，而距离北京、天津较远的城市(如石家庄、邢台、邯郸)的经济区位度却在近几年有所下降，反映了北京和天津两市的极化效应依然明显，区域内不平衡性还在加剧。
从人均GDP来看，2012年北京和天津人均GDP分别达到14027.13美元和15129.04美元，而河北省人均GDP仅为5838.95美元，不仅远远低于京津两市，甚至低于同期全国平均水平(6094美元)。河北省的城市规模及其经济实力，与京津两市之间存在如此之大的差距，反映了京津冀城市群“双核”格局显著，内部发展不平衡。
区域发展 刚刚“破界”正在组接尚未融合
目前，国内对城市群演化阶段的划分主要采用起步(雏形)、发展(发育)、成熟(稳定)等产业周期的划分方法。
蓝皮书将城市群演化阶段划分为：破界、组接、交融、融合四个阶段。各阶段在空间结构、产业结构、人口结构、基础设施以及经济紧密度等方面具有明显的不同特征。
通过对京津冀城市群经济联系强度与城市流的分析认为，京津冀城市群目前处于城市群发展的组接阶段，如城市间出现“点轴”结构；产业结构差异化趋势增强；连接城市间的“主动脉”(城铁、高速公路、光纤等)设施形成；经济的紧密度增强，区域的人流、物流增强。
但区域内京津两市联系较为紧密，而与其他城市联系相对松散；京津中心城市集聚效应仍大于扩散效应，城市间经济差距仍然较大；京津冀三地经济自成体系，尚未形成资源共享、优势互补、良性互动的一体化发展的共赢格局。
蓝皮书称，未来京津冀城市群的发展方向是促进城市间的交融与融合。
在城市的空间结构方面，应促进由“单核”(或“双核”)结构向“多核”结构转化，由“圈层”结构向“网格”结构转化；淡化城际边界，促进同城化、一体化发展。
北京功能疏解鼓励行政机构向新城迁移
北京社科院经济研究所博士、副研究员李彦军表示，北京中心城区的人口疏解应从城市功能疏解入手，采取措施鼓励行政机构、事业单位向新城迁移。而对于在中心城区的行政机构和医院、学校、科研等事业单位则采取适当限制发展的措施，如限制医院在中心城市改建扩建、限制学校扩大招生规模等。
李彦军建议，政府从城市长远发展利益出发，在重视新城市政基础设施的建设、生活配套设施的建设，提高生活便利程度的同时，应本着同城同价的原则对新城区居民收取基础设施、公共服务、交通市政设施的服务费用，并在适当的时候，对新城各种服务的费用采取更加优惠的政策，以降低郊区生活的成本。
除了行政手段，政府还可以采用收费等经济措施，来控制中心城区的人口膨胀。
专家解读
京津冀应建联席会议制度
我国三大城市群发展结构中，长三角城市群是“一主多核心”空间结构，以上海为主核心，南京、苏州等多区域性中心城市融合发展，而珠三角和京津冀城市群均是“双核心”发展结构。
珠三角城市群与京津冀城市群又有不同，珠三角城市群有广东省统一协调，而京津冀城市群由于各城市行政体制的分割以及各地区域经济发展利益的追求使得各个城市利益的冲突较重，核心城市北京、天津以及河北石家庄等区域性中心城市各自为政，城市产业发展同构现象严重，城市群的一体化的互补性合作机制尚未形成。
专家建议，应尽快出台“京津冀地区区域规划”，强化京津冀之间的合作，实现三地功能和产业的转移和承接，优化区域空间发展布局，推动京津冀城市群内城市协调发展。建立联席会议制度，来协调三个地方政府，形成统一的合作工作平台和政策促进机制，改变各自为政的局面。
本版文/记者王婷婷
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