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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/3/25 23:06:07 Hunan shimen arsenic in water exceeding more than 1000 times， 157 villagers risk of cancer death
Arsenic contamination of groundwater in water irrigated farmland in seriously only by day
Spring is approaching, is sowing season of hope, for farming land for the farmers spring heralds the year of harvest, income. But here in Hunan shimen realgar mine left over from mining pollution, makes it difficult for farmers in spring ploughing around. Tang Xizhi of the 68 year old who lives in shimen Hok village in Hunan province. Again for spring planting season had him on his land on the busy these days. Uncle Don's House a total of 2 acres, located not far away from the River, although their farmland to guard the River, but over the years he has annually for preparation of irrigated land from worry.
Villager Tang Xizhi, changde city, Hunan province, heshan, shimen village: there is no place to water, depends entirely on rain from the sky, hit a few pond volume (saving) of irrigated land.
Master Tang of farmland next to the Creek within easy reach, the water in the River, while small, looks very clear, then why is Uncle Don guarding the limpid waters don't have, are dependent on it?
Rivers contaminated by heavy metals
Changde, Hunan province, heshan, shimen village master Tang Xizhi told reporters, this looks very clear water which contains a toxic heavy metals – arsenic, with irrigated land here the grain seedling will die soon, the river water is not available, Uncle Don why even groundwater is not it?
Villager Tang Xizhi: groundwater is not used in this dug a meter to two meters of land, to dig him up, there is excessive arsenic many times.
Master Tang told reporters that the main factor contributing to this effect, is built on the upper reaches of the river that year refining realgar arsenic mines indiscriminately discharge caused by the dumping of waste slag.
Villager Tang Xizhi: do you like this river which is the soft gray scum.
Finance and the economy and a half hours of CCTV Reporter: you give me a look, see if you can find the soft gray scum.
Villager Tang Xizhi: whatever I can get, see. This is obviously not clean refining realgar, are burned.
Of the economy and a half hours of the press conference: this is the yellow of realgar.
Villager Tang Xizhi: well-done white arsenic is in the future.
Realgar was an orange yellow orange granular solid or powder, the main chemical composition of sulphur and heavy metals arsenic. High grade of realgar mine be used for pharmaceutical, industrial corrosion, agricultural insecticide and pyrotechnic. Tang Uncle introduced said shimen realgar ore resources rich, and quality good, 1956 national built mine began with tufa artificial fired male sulfonic refining arsenic, and refining soft furnace exhaust production sulfuric acid, countless of arsenic, and realgar powder from here stream to sent out, rushed to China even world of all factory, in past of for decades years for this tablets land created has glory and wealth, while also deep buried Xia arsenic poisoning of seed. For many years, the mining area of wastewater from the production of sulfuric acid as well as the process of refining soft soft ash and sulfur dioxide, untreated discharge polluted the environment, mentioned that when the mine production scenes, now master Tang and villagers are still fresh in our memory.
Shimen realgar rich mineral resources –
Villager Tang Xizhi: chimney yellow three colors, black, white, burned when it was set afire, and it's very qiangren.
Village aunties: can't go out in the morning, shut the door, not choke in the House, nor on the outside and stay there.
Finance and the economy and a half hours of CCTV Reporter: this is what turned out to be like the leaves of the tree?
Heshan village: was this green leaves, sulfur smoke as soon as you burn white, canola, wheat and then smoked and white.
Villagers told reporter, year realgar mine production of when is exhaust sky fly, and wastewater full Groove stream, and residue everywhere heap, so situation up more than 30 years, to local water and soil environment caused serious pollution, 1978, national stopped realgar mine of refining soft acts, subsequently built has sulfuric acid factory and phosphate fertilizer factory, but pollution emissions still on continued with, until 2011 these enterprise because pollution problem only was thoroughly shut stopped. Stop mixing soft from 1978 to the present are over decades, heshan hill next to the village now bare and eyeful of green vegetation surrounding the mountain formed a great contrast.
Of finance and the economy and a half hours of CCTV Reporter: is the largest in Asia behind me realgar mines, this is the place that year refining the arsenic and sulphuric acid production. Mixing soft worker told me, 20% can be refined into arsenic in ore, the remaining 80% are open-air dumping waste slag off on the side of the river. Production process resulting in soft grey chimneys in me from behind, began to spread. A radius of more than 30 square kilometers of the area suffered serious pollution. Heshan village closest to it is where the most severely contaminated.
Heshan village Gong Zhaoyuan told reporters when smelting slag of arsenic and sulphuric acid production, doing it piled up in the River, traces of arsenic discharged directly into the river.
Plants producing arsenic
Villager Gong Zhaoyuan: so there is no way this is a river, has been winding receives the above, this was later changed.
Of the economy and a half hours of the journalist: you draft that year, eat the water?
Villager Gong Zhaoyuan: just ate and drank the water.
Of the economy and a half hours of the reporter: the water in the river.
Villager Gong Zhaoyuan: soft ash ... ... Fell into the river.
To date, around realgar mine enterprises have been shut down for three years, but the pollution caused by sulfuric acid and fertilizer plants and other enterprises has been deeply affected the local environment. Had a lasting impact on local production and living. So, in such soil and hydrological environment, can also be used for spring plowing right?
Gong Zhaoyuan said although realgar mine has now closed, but years of production left a lot of soft ash and sulfuric acid slag still open-air dumps here.
Gong Zhaoyuan told reporters one rainy day, these waste slag soaked by rain, will continuously release arsenic continues to pollute the environment, in order to further understand the pollution of slag, reporters managed to enter the mine.
Poisonous elements pollution soils crops were severely damaged
Reporters at the scene saw the original plant and the boiler has been removed, now here is lay in ruins, were dug on the ground is full of ravines, shattered. Sulfuric acid slag, soft ash slag mountain, reporter in waste mine heap in the walking a unit unit pungent of sulfur flavor blowing and to, waste slag heap in no burn through of realgar ore everywhere, puddle in of water also was dye into has red and white, these waste slag of seeps liquid in contains arsenic, large heavy metals directly infiltrated soil, to local crop growth brings serious of effects.
According to information displayed soil in the of arsenic concentration size and distribution is by by Department of natural environment by decided of, General normal situation Xia does not over 15 mg/kg, Beijing Medical University public health College in Shang century 90 generation in crosscut mine near by do "arsenic exposed research", according to they of research conclusions indicates that mine near of heshan village, and soil arsenic content for 84.17-296.19mg/kg, Supreme value over my level soil environment quality standard 19 times times.
Crane village "study on arsenic exposure" results
Nearly a decade later, crane, no change in the mountain village of soil arsenic in soil pollution levels and how to change it? Reporters telephone interviews on this subject the Institute of Geographic Sciences and natural resources Research Institute researcher Chen Tongbin, he began in 1998, will proceed to the shimen arsenic-contaminated soil remediation research.
Of finance and the economy and a half hours of CCTV Reporter: Professor Chen, crosscut for pollution of land and water, and now it is the extent of what?
Institute of geographic science and resources Institute researcher Chen Tongbin: the problem is rather serious.
Of the economy and a half hours of the reporter: what do you specifically do you feel more serious?
Chen Tongbin: arsenic contamination and excessive.
Of the economy and a half hours of the press conference: my question is: is it, compared with 1995 data is what kind of change?
Chen Tongbin: no, no comparison.
When a reporter asked Chen Tongbin about crane village when the latest data about arsenic contamination, Chen Tongbin did not give a direct answer, shimen arsenic pollution in the area, but it certainly has not been fundamentally improved, crop growth and the environment are endangering people.
Of the economy and a half hours of the reporter: how big is the danger of arsenic pollution on crops?
Chen Tongbin: can poison to rice.
Of the economy and a half hours of the reporter: when serious, right?
Chen Tongbin: Yes, generally not so serious, the vast plant can grow, but plant there to eat part of the pollutants that are really high, is excessive.
This rice is the staple food of the provinces, planting paddy is the main crop, but because the River was polluted, with irrigated land containing arsenic, delicate rice simply cannot grow in this land.
Finance and economy and a half hours of CCTV Reporter: water not watering the fields, right?
Villager Tang Xizhi: not watering the fields, watering the fields it's death.
Open-air dumps toxic waste
Arsenic is harmful elements during crop growth, high levels of arsenic in soil of crop root system will reduce the number, blackening of root system, production, crop yellowing of the leaves of dwarf and slow-growing, different kinds of plant resistance to arsenic contamination in the soil of different plant resistance greater than aquatic plants, cereal plant resistance greater than beans, cucumbers and other vegetables. In order to use less water but villagers can only replant corn, sweet potatoes easily, such as survival, water needs of crops.
Reporters used to be the economy and a half hours of rice?
Heshan village: rice.
Of the economy and a half hours of the reporters: why don't they grow rice?
The villagers: no rice, arsenic poisoning can not plant (seedling), don't just seem kind of corn maize.
Villagers told reporters that now grow corn and sweet potatoes could survive, but yields are low, corn planted in other places can produce 500, 600 kg/MU, yield here is only half the rest, produces only 200, 300 kg/MU, in addition to low production, there is another harsh reality placed in front of the villagers.
Villager Tang Xizhi: I last year, corn, corn and more than 1000 kg, up to now we have not sold at home, no one received.
Of the economy and a half hours of the reporter: your family is kind of what?
The villagers: kinds of baogu, what kind of, kind of eating is not sold.
Of the economy and a half hours of the reporters: why not sell it?
The villagers: don't sell.
Of the economy and a half hours of the journalist: you out the kinds of dishes for sale?
The villagers: who wants it? Know our cuisine poisonous and do not here, not our dishes, only yourself.
The villagers: says you can't eat, it's not like eating? Unable to eat or eat to survive!
Reporter learned that cranes shimen village, there are villagers and 1552, 1528 mu of arable land, cultivated land, mostly in the hill country, per capita arable land area smaller economic backwardness, villagers ' single source of income, life is hard, villager Tang Xi Zhi Lao liangkou now only by more than 100 Yuan a month living expenses to live on.
Of the economy and a half hours of the reporter: villagers are now living is very difficult, right? They probably have many sources of income a month a year?
Villager Tang Xizhi: not many, like us, is that for decades, baibashi USD, and now National Endowment (subsidies) forty or fifty dollars per month, two baibashi dollars.
Master Tang told reporters that since the village was contaminated, grow grain and vegetables didn't sell at all, which makes them inherently less well-off life was crippled, gave up farming for subsistence of most young people in the village went out, now the majority of the work in the fields for the elderly at home.
Villager Tang Xizhi: not at home, and rarely at home. Young people on the outside (to work), send a little money back so you can live to old, children go out to work.
Arsenic poisoning in the struggling half the villagers suffering
Realgar arsenic pollution caused by mining district that year, now let people around to their detriment. Today, the land has not been harvested, and crops are difficult to sell, local farmer is in trouble, and not only that, they also suffer from all kinds of strange diseases, and my colleague, visited some of the families in the village.
Finance and the economy and a half hours of CCTV Reporter: Hello. Work in the fields? Vegetables also are collecting dishes?
Gong Zhaoyuan: vegetables.
He asked Gong Zhaoyuan is 68 years old, last September was people's hospital diagnosed with multiple myeloma Baldwin shimen, doctors in the back raise "chronic arsenic poisoning is skin cancer".
Gong Zhaoyuan: now began to rot, the scars have began to rot.
Gong Zhaoyuan, pointing to the abdominal wound a few blocks one after another told reporters that he now that disease was caused by arsenic poisoning, got the black thing, one to the days warm, itch, an attack drill heart itch, blossom rot, discharging water, then scab over. Unable to pull, pick a hole, it also will go to other places to continue long made him miserable.
Gong Zhaoyuan: don't touch it or not, it scabs, not to hurt, crust touched off burning pain, one is itching, itch saws will not work.
Distance village recently of sulfonic factory hospital can do row arsenic detoxification treatment, but once costs on in 3,000 yuan around, due to heavy metal detoxification drug currently also not in new agricultural collection of basic drug directory, high of medical Gong Zhaoyuan unable to bear, Gong Zhaoyuan monthly had to to hospital opened some cheap of anti-inflammatory drug smudge, to reduced skin cancer symptoms attack, due to illness he has cannot again dry heavy physical live has, by farm living of he natural also on has no has income sources, to livelihoods only struggled with pain in home small yard in species some cuisine eat, Didn't do much for a while Gong Zhaoyuan stopped.
Of the economy and a half hours of the press conference: I see you've done I'll cough breath.
Gong Zhaoyuan: cough and pain to do.
Faced with such difficult life situations, Gong Zhaoyuan was helpless.
Gong Zhaoyuan: his fields grow, produce and (arsenic) exceeded, no room to die, or continue to grow, continue to eat, had arsenic poisoning by arsenic poisoning would also like to eat this dish. Don't have money to buy what, can't afford to buy, because there is no money.
Villager Gong Zhaoyuan illness diagnosis
Villagers were think now illness of main causes is because realgar mine production Shi wanton emissions caused of arsenic pollution, they repeatedly found mine beg for claims, has been to 2003 early shimen Bai Yunxiang representative Xiang male company made response, agreed to each bit arsenic poisoning villagers one-time compensation medical, and funeral amounted to 1000 Yuan, while made has compensation, but this 1000 Yuan compensation for needs long-term treatment of villagers for is bucket.
According to the who, as well as the provision of drinking water health standards, the arsenic content in drinking water must not exceed 0.01mg/L per litre, and Beijing Medical University, school of public health, 90 of the last century near shimen coal mining area in "arsenic exposure study" showed that arsenic mine in heshan village near the River reached 0.5-14.5mg/L, which goes beyond standard Dire Maul.
According to, this distance realgar mine hundred m zhiwai of heshan village village more than 700 more people, has near half of people are is arsenic poisoning patients, village in the patient cancer of people Bibi that is, according to sulfonic factory Hospital of preliminary statistics near 20 years to, due to arsenic poisoning carcinogenic death of has has 157 people, and due to arsenic poisoning raised cancer of patients number also in yearly increased, age also in gradually younger, arsenic poisoning in this village has is flattering of things has.
Villager: my mom's fingers are rotting away, my grandma feet too long on such a big piece of rot, where the courtyard as her old husband died, 40 died in a few years, the yard, many widows.
Tang Xizhi told reporters that he witnessed the rise and fall of realgar mine, from Castle Peak, also witnessed the heshan village green show and wooded up to now such a drastic change of the living environment, arsenic contamination caused such serious consequence is that he never expected, he most worried about is the survival of future generations.
Villager Tang Xizhi: my biggest worry is that future generations, young kids are still living, we have more than 60 years, nearly 70 people, 35 dead, it doesn't matter.
Of the economy and a half hours of the press conference: the issue of most concern is that of future generations.
Villager Tang Xizhi: Yes, the problem of future generations.
Arsenic poisoning and pollution in mining areas around the issue of cancer, local township government to give villagers a one-time compensation of 1000 Yuan, which villagers that requires long-term treatment is inadequate, they still suffered arsenic poisoning, beset by ailments such as cancer. What their future, after the break, continued to care for our program.
Now is spring season, but in Hunan crosscut had of realgar mine mine, because arsenic pollution legacy down of various problem, makes here of farmers hard by planting crops living, also cannot bear arsenic poisoning Hou of various life pressure, so, now also can has what approach, let they bear of hurt as reduces, let this tablets land get must degree of repair, in future, let they of spring no longer face such of helpless?
Reporter realgar mine, where he had stacked slag was under construction, the ground had been dug a large pit.
Of finance and the economy and a half hours of CCTV Reporter: this pond, what is it?
Villager Gong Zhaoyuan: (waste slag) and cement that (landfill pits), and keep it from spreading.
Heavy metal pollution difficult villagers hope more care and assistance
In February 2011, the official reply of the State Council of the State pollution control of heavy metal "Twelve-Five" programme, in shimeng realgar mine area comprehensive treatment as a separate project. October 2012, crosscut realgar mine heavy metal pollution "Twelve-Five" integrated implementation programme under began implementation, reporter in scene see is construction of project is one or two period engineering, is on original refining soft legacy down of near 200,000 tons soft slag and the around pollution soil for Security processing, purpose is from source Shang control soft slag of dip out liquid entered around water and soil, maximum to reduced arsenic pollution environment risk. Third phase of the project, is a comprehensive renovation of the Huang Shuixi. The fourth core area of nearly 8000 acres of pollution-contaminated soil is to be repaired. Projects include arsenic residue left over by history and the surrounding contaminated soil treatment, the core area of nearly 8000 acres remediation of contaminated agricultural land, drinking water security, ecological security projects.
Governance cycle for villagers are more concerned about how long does it take? What are the specific measures? Telephone interviews with the Institute of Geographic Sciences and natural resources Research Institute researcher Chen Tongbin. He deepened the shimen arsenic-contaminated soil remediation work.
Of the economy and a half hours of the reporter: Let me ask you, if it's depth exceeded, if treatment, including soil is not very good governance or the management about how long is the cycle?
Chen Tongbin: is there a way of governance, 3-10, that's what. Three years at the earliest, the slowest possible more than a decade, this range is large.
Villager Tang Xizhi project has started, but pollution is a long and protracted process, governance and what happens, the effect is good in his heart has no bottom, master Tang put forward their ideas to reporters.
Villager Tang Xizhi: I'll consider young people could give their relocation, turns this place into forest farms to reduce pollution, preventing soil erosion.
Institute of geographic science and resources Institute researcher Chen Tongbin Tang Xizhi responded to the recommendations made.
Of the economy and a half hours of the reporter: if they wanted to move as a whole to move away, let this land species, types of crops, do you think this possible this way?
Chen Tongbin: planting trees can be, but also POPs in there, he washed away by the rain, it is possible to also have a problem, the potential harm to local villagers have been great, but have not yet fundamentally solved.
Economic journalist for half an hour: in fact, I am particularly concerned about, for these people living off the land, if they are contaminated, was hurt, in fact they will also pose a problem?
Chen Tongbin: that's right. Farmland pollution so this is a very important issue, not only pollution problems, he will bring about stability problems, ordinary people have no way to maintain it is in trouble.
Legacy of treating heavy metals pollution hazards are a global problem, and 670 of the last century, Japan's rapid economic growth, environmental pollution incidents, which is called the four hazards environmental illnesses, there are three heavy metals pollution and relevant.
Japan scientists study believe that soil is Japan a continuation from the 70 's to the present, but for high fees, has made Japan the Government headaches. Japan Ministry of environment officials estimated that the repair cost of 1 hectare of land now, is about 20 million to 50 million yen (equivalent to the equivalent of millions of dollars). Soil remediation costs in the past 40 years, a total of about 42 billion yen, equivalent to nearly 3 billion. And this is not the end.
To reduce administration costs by scientists around the world are trying to invent the most cost effective way to repair soil in Europe, scientists experiment electrodes adsorbed Japan scientists to re-examine in the hope of finding a more cost-effective way. Akita University with long Xiang Gu Lai adsorption of heavy metals in the soil, after a three-year experiment of soil cadmium down 15%, but treatment costs are still too high. Judging from the experience of heavy metal pollution on global governance, pollution first, treatment after road in any country would be justified at great economic cost.
When Tang Xizhi end interview old people said to reporters, State-financed arsenic pollution and improve the environment, they are very happy. But at the same time hope to be able to control the environment at the same time, these arsenic-poisoned villagers against them also give more care and assistance in health and in life.
Tang Xizhi: one can give some of these check out arsenic poisoning in medical expenses, the second State could give us arsenic poisoning would have some low, baibashi Yuan a month in order to reduce the suffering of some farmers.
"Half an hour to watch" for a long time the industrialization process, as well as legal supervision in the development process is not in place, making many parts of the country's arable land has been affected by pollution. This is a serious threat to food safety in public, shocking facts, not just let everyone watch polluting way of governance after the required brake, also reminds us that has contaminated land alteration, repair, and improvement of the soil as soon as possible. This year, the "two sessions", the Minister of agriculture Han Changfu said at a press conference, the Ministry of agriculture – start the pilot integrated control of heavy metals pollution in agricultural soil, heavy metals including remediation of contaminated land and planting structure adjustment of pilot and joint, land, water and other environmental protection departments to step up agricultural production and controlling water and soil environment. We look forward to soon see these hurt villagers, not to do that again does not help, look forward to next spring, they can like all farmers, sowing hope.
(Edit: SN095) 21:27 on March 24, 2014(湖南石门河水砷超标1千多倍 157名村民患癌死亡|土壤|超标|石门_新闻资讯
河水地下水砷污染严重 耕地灌溉只能靠天
春天已至，正是播种希望的季节，对于在土地上耕作的农民来说，春耕预示着这一年的收成，收入。但在湖南省石门这里遗留下来的雄黄矿矿区的污染，让周围的农民很难进行春耕。68岁的唐熙志家住在湖南省石门县鹤山村。又到了春耕的季节，这些天他在自家地里又忙活上了。唐大爷家总共有2亩地，就位于离家不远的河边上，虽然自家农田就守着河边，可这些年他却年年为取水浇地的事儿犯愁。
湖南省常德市石门县鹤山村村民唐熙志：没有地方去浇水，完全靠天上下雨，打几个池塘积(攒)点儿水浇地。
唐大爷家的耕地离旁边的小河近在咫尺，河里的水虽然不大，但看上去也很清澈，那么为什么唐大爷守着清澈的河水不用，却要靠天吃饭呢？
受到重金属污染的河流
湖南省常德市石门县鹤山村村民唐熙志大爷告诉记者，这个看上去很清澈的河水里面含有一种有毒的重金属元素——砷，用这里的水浇地禾苗很快就会死掉，那么，河里的水不能用，唐大爷为什么连地下水也不用呢？
村民唐熙志：地下水都不能用，在这个地里挖出那么一米多二米的土地，把他挖起来，都有砷超标好多倍。
唐大爷告诉记者，造成这一后果的主要原因，就是当年建在河道上游炼制砒霜的雄黄矿肆意排污，倾倒废矿渣造成的。
村民唐熙志：你像这个河床里面都是这个砒灰渣子。
央视财经《经济半小时》记者：您给我找找，看看能不能找到这个砒灰渣子。
村民唐熙志：随便我都能找得到，看得到。这个明显就是没有炼干净的雄黄，这个是没有烧透的。
《经济半小时》记者：这个黄色的就是雄黄。
村民唐熙志： 烧熟以后白色的就是砒霜。
雄黄，是一种橘黄色粒状固体或橙黄色粉末，其主要化学成分为硫和重金属砷。高品位的雄黄矿被用来制药、工业防腐、农业杀虫和制造烟火。唐大爷介绍说石门县雄黄矿石资源丰富、品质好，1956年国家建矿开始用土法人工烧制雄磺炼制砒霜，并用炼砒炉尾气生产硫酸，不计其数的砒霜、雄黄粉从这里源源不断地送出去，送往中国甚至世界的各个加工厂，在过去的几十年间为这片土地创造了光荣和财富，同时也深埋下砷中毒的种子。多年来，矿区生产硫酸的废水以及炼砒过程产生的砒灰和二氧化硫，未经处理便直接排放出来污染了环境，提起当时矿区生产时的场景，现在唐大爷和村民们仍历历在目。
石门县丰富的矿产资源——雄黄
村民唐熙志：烟筒出来的黄色、黑色、白色三种颜色，烧的时候那是浓烟滚滚，那是非常呛人。
村民万大妈：早晨不能出来，要把门关上，在屋里呛的不行，在外面也不能待着。
央视财经《经济半小时》记者：这个树叶子原来是什么样子的？
鹤山村村民：原来就是这青青的叶子，硫烟一来就给你熏白了，油菜、麦子一下就熏白了。
村民告诉记者，当年雄黄矿生产的时候是废气漫天飞、废水满沟流、废渣到处堆，如此状况长达30多年，给当地水质和土壤环境造成严重污染，1978年，国家停止雄黄矿的炼砒行为，随后建起了硫酸厂和磷肥厂，但污染排放仍就持续着，直到2011年这些企业因为污染问题才被彻底关停。从1978年停止炼砒到现在已经过去了几十年了，现在鹤山村旁的山上仍是光秃秃一片与周围山上满眼绿色的植被形成了巨大的反差。
央视财经《经济半小时》记者：我身后就是亚洲最大的雄黄矿区，这里就是当年炼制砒霜和生产硫酸的地方。据炼砒工人跟我讲，矿石中20%是可以提炼成砒霜，剩余80%的废矿渣便被露天的倾掉在河道边上。生产过程中所产生的砒灰便从我身后的烟囱中冒出，向四周扩散。方圆30多平方公里的面积受到了严重的污染。离它最近的鹤山村是受污染最为严重的地方。
鹤山村村民龚兆元告诉记者当年炼砒和生产硫酸的矿渣，成年累月地堆砌在这条河边，残留的砷便直接流入河里。
生产砒霜的工厂
村民龚兆元：原来这里没有路这是一条河，一直弯弯曲曲的接到上面，这是后来改的。
《经济半小时》记者：你们当年吃水，吃那里的水呢？
村民龚兆元：就吃这个喝里的水。
《经济半小时》记者：就这个河里的水。
村民龚兆元：砒灰渣……就落到这个河里。
到目前为止，雄黄矿周围的企业已经被关停三年了，但是，那些硫酸厂和磷肥厂等企业造成的污染已经深入影响了当地的环境。 对当地的生产生活产生了持续的影响。那么，在这样的土壤和水文环境下，这里还能进行春耕吗？
龚兆元说虽然现在雄黄矿已经关闭，但是多年生产留下大量的砒灰渣和硫酸渣仍然露天堆放在这里。
龚兆元告诉记者一到下雨天，这些废矿渣便会被雨水浸泡，会不断地释放出砷继续污染这里的环境，为了进一步了解矿渣的污染情况，记者设法进入了矿区。
毒元素污染土壤 农作物生长受损严重
在现场记者看到原先的厂房和锅炉已经被拆除，现在这里已经成了一片废墟，地面被挖的到处是沟壑，满目疮痍。硫酸渣，砒灰渣堆积如山，记者在废矿堆中行走一股股刺鼻的硫磺味扑面而来，废矿渣堆里没有烧透的雄黄矿石随处可见，水坑里的水也被染成了红色和白色，这些废矿渣的渗出液里含有砷等大量重金属元素直接渗入土壤，给当地农作物生长带来严重的影响。
根据资料显示土壤中的砷浓度大小和分布是由所处的自然环境所决定的，一般正常情况下不会超过15 mg/kg，北京医科大学公共卫生学院在上世纪90年代在石门矿区附近所做“砷暴露研究”，根据他们的研究结论表明矿区附近的鹤山村、土壤砷含量为84.17-296.19mg/kg，最高值超过我国一级土壤环境质量标准19倍。
鹤山村“砷暴露研究”结果
那么时隔近十年时间，鹤山村土壤砷含量有无变化，土壤污染程度又发生了怎样的改变呢？记者就这个问题电话采访了中科院地理科学与资源研究所研究员陈同斌，他从1998年开始，便着手进行石门地区砷污染土壤修复研究工作。
央视财经《经济半小时》记者：陈教授，石门那边对于污染土地和水质，现在它是什么样的程度？
中科院地理科学与资源研究所研究员陈同斌：问题是比较严重的。
《经济半小时》记者：您能具体是哪些方面您觉得比较严重？
陈同斌：砷污染和超标吧。
《经济半小时》记者：问题是有是吧，跟1995年数据相比较是呈现一个什么样的变化？
陈同斌：这个没有，这个没有比较。
当记者向陈同斌了解鹤山村最新的砷污染的相关数据时，陈同斌并没有给予正面回答，但是肯定了石门地区砷污染的情况并没有得到根本的改善，对于农作物生长和人的生存环境都存在危害。
《经济半小时》记者：就砷污染对农作物的危害有多大？
陈同斌：能把水稻给毒死了。
《经济半小时》记者：就严重的时候是吗？
陈同斌：对，一般到不了这么严重，绝大情况是植物能长，但是植物那边吃的东西那一部分污染物是挺高的，是超标的。
在这个以稻谷为主食的省份，种植稻谷本应是这里的主要经济作物，但是由于河水被污染，用含砷的水浇地，娇贵的水稻根本无法在这片土地生长。
央视财经经济半小时记者：有水不能浇田是吗？
村民唐熙志：不能浇田，浇田它就死苗。
露天堆放的有毒废渣
砷是农作物生长过程中的有害元素，土壤中砷含量过高农作物根条数便会减少，根系发黑，产量下降，农作物矮小叶片发黄，生长缓慢， 不同种类植物对土壤中砷污染的抗性不同早生植物抗性大于水生植物，禾谷类植物抗性大于豆类、黄瓜等蔬菜。为了减少用水无奈之下村民们只能改种玉米、红薯等容易成活，需水量少的农作物。
《经济半小时》记者 以前都是水稻？
鹤山村村民：都是水稻。
《经济半小时》记者：后来大家为什么不种水稻了？
村民：搞不成水稻，砷中毒没法栽上(苗)，长不起来就种包谷搞玉米。
村民告诉记者现在地里种上玉米和红薯虽然能成活，但是产量很低，玉米在其他地方种植能产500、600公斤/亩，而在这里产量只是其他地方的一半，只能产200、300公斤/亩，除了产量低，还有另一个残酷的现实摆在了村民的面前。
村民唐熙志：我去年的包谷、玉米还有1000多斤，到现在都还没有卖出去堆在家里面，没有人收。
《经济半小时》记者：你们家里都种什么呀？
村民：种苞谷，什么都种，种的自己吃没有卖。
《经济半小时》记者：为什么不卖呢？
村民：卖不出去呀。
《经济半小时》记者：你们种的菜还往外卖吗？
村民：谁要呀？都知道我们这儿的菜有毒不要，不要我们的菜，只有自己吃。
村民：说不能吃，那不是一样吃？不能吃也要吃，要生存啊！
记者了解到石门县鹤山村共有村民1552人，耕地面积1528亩，耕地大多位于丘陵地带，人均耕地面积较小经济落后，村民收入来源单一，日子过的很清苦，村民唐熙志老两口现在每月只能靠100多元生活费维持生活。
《经济半小时》记者：这边村民现在生活还是挺困难的是吗？他们一个月一家一年大概有多少收入来源？
村民唐熙志：没有多少，像我们来说就是几十、百八十元，现在国家有个养老(补贴)四五十元每个月，两个人就百八十元钱。
唐大爷告诉记者自打村子被污染后，所种的粮食和蔬菜根本就卖不出去，这使他们原本就不富裕的生活更是雪上加霜，为了维持生计村里的年轻人大都放弃种地而外出打工，现在下地干活儿的多数为家里的老人。
村民唐熙志：没有在家里，在家里的很少。年轻人在外面(打工)，给老人寄一点儿钱回来让你们生活，小孩都去外面去打工。
半数村民砷中毒 处境艰难苦不堪言
当年的雄黄矿产区造成的砷污染，现在让周围的居民深受其害。 如今，土地没有收成，庄稼也难卖出去，当地农民的生活遭遇困境，不仅如此，他们还因此罹患各种怪病，我的同事在村子里走访了其中的一些受害家庭。
央视财经《经济半小时》记者：你好。下地干活了？种菜还是收菜呀？
龚兆元：种菜。
他叫龚兆元今年68岁，去年9月份被石门县人民医院诊断为多发性鲍温症，医生在后边加注“慢性砷中毒属皮肤癌”。
龚兆元： 现在就开始烂了，这几个疤都要开始烂了。
龚兆元指着腹部接连的几块伤口告诉记者，他现在这个病就是砷中毒引起的，身上长的这个黑东西，一到天暖就发痒，一发作起来钻心地痒，开花发烂，流脓水，然后又结痂。不能抠，一抠一个坑，它又会跑到别的地方继续长让他苦不堪言。
龚兆元：不动不碰它还可以，它就结痂了就不疼，结痂一碰掉就火烧地疼，在一个就是痒，痒起来用刀锯都不行。
距离村庄最近的磺厂医院能做排砷解毒治疗，但一次费用就在三千元左右，由于重金属解毒药物目前还不在新农合的基本药物目录，高额的医药费龚兆元无力承担，龚兆元每月只好去医院开些便宜的消炎药涂抹，以便减少皮肤癌病状发作，由于患病他已经无法再干重体力活了，靠种地为生的他自然也就有没有了收入来源，为了生计只能强忍着病痛在自家小院子里种些菜吃，可没干多一会龚兆元便停了下来。
《经济半小时》记者：我看你干了一会儿就咳嗽喘了。
龚兆元：又咳嗽又疼，不能干了。
面对如此艰难的生活处境，龚兆元显的很无奈。
龚兆元：自己家的田不能种，生产的东西又(砷)超标，不能在屋子里等死，还是继续要种，继续吃，已经砷中毒还要吃这个砷中毒的菜。没有钱买怎么办，不可能拿钱去买，因为没有钱。
村民龚兆元的病情诊断书
村民们认为现在患病的主要原因就是因为雄黄矿生产时肆意排放造成的砷污染，他们多次找到矿区讨要说法，一直到2003年初石门县白云乡代表湘雄公司做出回应，同意给每位砷中毒村民一次性补偿医药费、丧葬费共计1千元，虽然做出了补偿，但这1千元补偿对于需要长期治疗的村民来说显得杯水车薪。
根据世卫组织以及我国《生活饮用水卫生标准》规定，每升饮用水中砷的含量不能超过0.01mg/L，而北京医科大学公共卫生学院上世纪90年代在石门矿区附近做“砷暴露研究”表明矿区附近的鹤山村河水含砷量达到0.5-14.5mg/L，超出标准上千倍。
据不完全统计，这个距离雄黄矿百米之外的鹤山村全村700多人中，有近一半的人都是砷中毒患者，村中患癌症的人比比即是，根据磺厂医院的初步统计近二十年来，因砷中毒致癌死亡的已有157人，而且因砷中毒引发癌症的患者人数也在逐年增加，年龄也在逐步年轻化，砷中毒在这个村子已经是见怪不怪的事情了。
村民：我妈妈手指都烂掉了，我奶奶脚上也长了那么大一块儿烂死了，这里整个院子像她这么大年纪的老公早就死了，40几岁就死了，这个院子好多寡妇。
唐熙志告诉记者，他见证了雄黄矿的兴衰，也见证了鹤山村从青山绿秀到现在荒山秃岭这种生存环境的巨大改变，砷污染带来如此严重的后果是他始料未及的，他现在最担心的是子孙后代的生存问题。
村民唐熙志：我最大担心就是后人，年轻人孩子们还要生活，我们都六十多岁，快七十岁的人，三五年死了就算了，无所谓了。
《经济半小时》记者：最关心还是子孙后代的问题。
村民唐熙志：对，子孙后代的问题。
对于矿区污染导致周围居民砷中毒以及患癌的问题，当地乡政府给村民一次性补偿1千元 ，这对于需要长期治疗的村民来说显得杯水车薪，他们至今还在承受砷中毒，癌症等病痛的困扰 。他们将来该怎么办呢，广告之后，继续关注我们的节目。
眼下正是春耕时节，但是在湖南石门曾经的雄黄矿矿区，因为砷污染遗留下来的各种问题，使得这里的农民很难靠种植庄稼为生，也无法承受砷中毒后的各种生活压力，那么，现在还能有什么办法，让他们承受的伤害尽可能减小 ，让这片土地得到一定程度的修复，在将来，让他们的春耕不再面对这样的无奈？
记者在雄黄矿区看到，在原先堆放矿渣的地方正在施工，地面已经被挖出了一个大坑。
央视财经《经济半小时》记者：这个池子是干什么用的呢？
村民龚兆元：把这个(废矿渣)和水泥掺起来放到那个(填埋坑)里面，不让它扩散。
重金属污染治理难度大 村民盼更多关心和帮助
2011年2月，国务院正式批复《国家重金属污染综合防治“十二五”规划》，石门雄黄矿区作为一个单独项目区实施综合整治。2012年10月，《石门雄黄矿区重金属污染“十二五”综合防治实施方案》开始实施，记者在现场看到正在施工的项目是一二期工程，是对原炼砒遗留下来的近20万吨砒渣及周边污染土壤进行安全处理，目的是从源头上控制砒渣的浸出液进入周边水体和土壤，最大限度地减少砷污染环境风险。第三期工程，是对黄水溪进行综合整治。第四期是对污染核心区近8000亩污染土壤进行修复。项目包括历史遗留砒渣及周边污染土壤治理，核心区近8000亩污染农田修复、生活饮用水安全、生态安全等工程。
针对于村民较为关心的治理周期需要多长时间？具体的治理措施有哪些？记者电话采访了中科院地理科学与资源研究所研究员陈同斌。他深入进行了石门地区砷污染土壤修复研究工作。
《经济半小时》记者：我再问您，如果是深超标，如果治理起来的话，包括土壤是不是很好治理，还是比如说治理起来大概需要周期有多长？
陈同斌：有办法治理，三到十年吧，就这个样子。最快三年，最慢的可能十年以上，这块范围很大。
在村民唐熙志看来治理工程虽然已经启动，但是污染治理是一个长期而漫长的过程，治理结果怎么样，效果好不好他心里也没有底，唐大爷向记者提出了自己的想法。
村民唐熙志：我就考虑年轻人能不能给他们搬迁了，把这个地方办成林场减少污染，防止水土流失。
中科院地理科学与资源研究所研究员陈同斌对唐熙志提出的建议做出了回应。
《经济半小时》记者： 他们有没有想搬迁整体要搬迁走，让这土地种树种其他的，种非农作物的，你觉得这种可行吗这种方式？
陈同斌：种树是可以的，但是污染物还在里头，他一下雨又冲走了，有可能还是有问题的，对当地的村民可能受到的危害已经很大了，但是具体的还没有根本解决。
经济半小时记者：实际上我特别关心，对于这些靠地为生的老百姓，他们如果地受污染了，受到了伤害，实际上他们生存上也会带来问题？
陈同斌：对。这所以就是农田里污染很重要的问题，不仅仅是污染问题，他会带来事后稳定的问题，老百姓没有办法维持就很麻烦了。
治理重金属污染的遗留危害是一个全球性的难题，上世纪六七十年代，日本经济快速增长，各地环境污染事件不断，其中被称为四大公害的环境病症，就有三起和重金属污染有关。
日本科学家经过研究认为换土是日本从70年代延续到现在的一种方式，但是换土高昂的费用，至今令日本政府头疼。日本环境省官员做过测算，现在修复1公顷土地的费用，大约是2000万到5000万日元(折合人民币相当于几百万元)。过去40年的土壤修复费用，共约420亿日元，折合人民币将近30亿。而这还不是终点。
为了降低治理成本全世界的科学家都在试图发明最经济的方式来修复土壤在欧洲，科学家实验电极吸附，日本科学家们也在重新审视，希望找到一种更经济的方法。秋田大学用长香谷来吸附土壤中的重金属，经过三年实验壤里的镉下降了15%，但是治理成本仍然偏高。 从全球治理重金属污染的经验来看，先污染，后治理的老路，在任何国家都会被证明需要付出巨大的经济代价。
当即将结束采访的时候唐熙志老人向记者说，国家出资对于砷污染治理、改善环境，他们非常高兴。但与此同时也希望能够在治理环境的同时，也能够对他们这些砷中毒的村民在医疗和生活上给予更多的关心和帮助。
唐熙志：一个能不能对这些检查出砷中毒的人给予一定的医疗费，第二国家能不能给我们这些砷中毒的人一些低保，每个月百八十元以减少一些农民的痛苦。
【半小时观察】长期以来的工业化进程，以及在发展过程中法律监管不到位，使得我国不少地区的耕地已经受到了污染。这严重威胁着公众的食品安全，触目惊心的事实，不仅在让所有人警醒先污染后治理的路子必需刹车，也在提醒我们，对已经受污染的耕地，应该尽快对土壤进行改造、修复和改良。今年全国“两会”期间，农业部部长韩长赋在记者会上表示， 农业部将将启动农产品产地土壤重金属污染综合防治工作的试点 ，包括重金属污染耕地修复和种植结构调整试点，并联合环保、国土、水利等部门加强农业生产用水和土壤环境治理。我们期待， 早日看到这些受伤害的村民，别再这样无助，期待未来的春天里，他们能和所有的农民一样，播种的是希望。
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