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The author:(作者)归海一刀
published in(发表于) 2014/3/25 23:07:31
Prescription drug disorder survey： buying prescription drugs， just like buying food for “convenience“

Xinhuanet, Beijing, March 25-feed prescription drugs to children in kindergartens "virus spirit" caused a storm, but also raises concerns about prescription drug use and management. However, the reporter found that prescription drugs should be used under the guidance of a doctor's prescription, but with no doctor's prescription from pharmacies, drug distribution enterprises easy buy.

　　Prescription drug "prescription-buy" useless?

According to the provisions of the drug distribution management, looked at drug retailers (pharmacies) when you purchase prescription drugs, must possess a physician, a doctor's prescription and drug wholesale enterprises at the time of selling prescription drugs, can only be sold to pharmaceutical management qualifications organization, including medical institutions, pharmaceutical wholesalers and drug retailers cannot sell to individuals. But in practice, these two dimensions of "prescription drug purchase" has been discounted.

Reporter recently visited Zhengzhou, Changsha, Yueyang, and some pharmacies found that most pharmacies do not require patient issued by a doctor's prescription to buy spore Chloe, amoxicillin, cephalosporins cefixime and antibiotic prescription drugs, to be just like buying food for "convenience".

"Is for grownups to eat baby eat? Kids eat recommended cefixime suspension and so on. "Yueyang salespersons to sell reporters had a pharmacy prescription drugs, while reporters without a doctor's prescription, shop assistant said:" it's okay, everyone will buy it. We recommend that this medication works well. ”

Reporter also found that, in most provinces, the Pharmacy has a "case", one of its roles is to facilitate patients and medicine. Patients simply told "the case" they need what kind of prescription drug, the other side did not ask, to write a "recipe" to buy drugs.

Insiders noted that the rapidly expanding pharmaceutical market for licensed pharmacist qualification as "TT". Because the pharmacist lacks some drugstore pharmacist appears "witness" the separation of chaos. Parts in China obtain pharmacist license documents "rent" to pharmacies, but they don't need sat daily consultation, you can earn some money.

Not only that, many prescription drugs at the wholesale distribution in any sale. "In order to obtain commercial profit, prescription drugs or illegal sales to pharmaceutical supermarket, community hospital is very common. "A pharmaceutical representative, Xian Zhang Dongsheng (a pseudonym) told reporters, because probably touch a criminal offence, drug firms more stringent controls on psychotropic medications, but there is a lot of illegal sales of other prescription drugs.

Zhang Dongsheng told reporters that as long as the customer proof of prescription drug-related, prescription drugs can be sold to customers, forged certificates and to some private clinics not to check authenticity. Especially in some rural doctors do not have a prescription right, but also the pharmaceutical wholesale businesses buy commonly used prescription drugs, sometimes even through the acquisition of logistics, express and drug.

　　How big is the prescription drug abuse harm?

Because a certain toxic side-effects, or potential effects, in accordance with relevant Chinese laws and regulations, prescription medicine must be based on practitioner's prescription in order to purchase and to be used under the guidance of a doctor.

But in everyday life, many people used to "minor ailments into the drugstore, serious illness in the hospital", from experience, you can buy medication medicine manual. As far as Hunan province food and drug administration food and drug safety information center Deputy Director Chen Guangjian describes, Hunan received shortly before the patients taking medicines "nimesulide" report of adverse reactions. "Nimesulide" is a prescription drug used for fever, the drug instructions clearly marked "liver failure with caution" due to hypoplasia of the liver and kidney function in children, a higher proportion in the adverse reaction of the crowd. Some parents of children taking the drug response, children had a fever a cold, to the drugstore and buy it near this fever, didn't expect to have side effects.

"At present, abused prescription drugs are the most prominent of antibiotics. "In Zhengzhou, founded the first free clinic in the national excellent grass-roots Hospital Director Zhou Guoping told Xinhua that cold and cough frequently use antibiotics, misuse or excessive use of antibiotics not only makes the body develop resistance, can also cause an allergic adverse effects such as institutional; misuse of hormones, sleeping pills and other prescription medication that causes the phenomenon of endocrine disruption is also very rare. Prescription drug abuse not only undermine patient health, serious waste of medical resources. In his view, the phenomenon of prescription drug abuse should be a matter of high priority.

"Prescription drug use very carefully. "Hunan provincial children's Hospital internal medicine director Wang Xiyong anxiously told reporters:" doctor child combination of factors such as age, weight, and condition reasonable arrangements for children. Buy medicine to cure, but do be careful, don't risk buying back home. ”

　　How to prevent prescription drug abuse?

"Prevent abuse of prescription drugs, from the whole process of production, distribution and use of prescription drugs more effective monitoring. "Nie Wei, President of the Academy of medicine in Henan province said. Drugs as a special commodity of human health, especially prescription drugs, in the development, production, sale and use of such links has a corresponding laws of strict control, in accordance with relevant regulations, must be a qualified organization or individual to participate in the link, the departments concerned should bear the responsibility to strengthen supervision.

A medical representative who in the pharmaceutical distribution business in Hunan province told reporters that the medicines distribution chain of supervision mode needs to be improved, prescription drug distribution market there are many security risks. "Drugs in production between retail and wholesale regulation is relatively weak, and some drugs are often drug sales to the end by the agents at all levels master retailer needed to regulate these agents engaged in wholesale business to make drugs from the production to the end of the whole process management formed a complete chain. ”

Drug users should also step up publicity and education, can not be blind to the medication. Nie Wei believed that drug-users, consumers, using prescription drugs should not be arbitrary. Medical advertisements now fly, under its influence, patients and their families took medication, abuse of tonic is very worrying. Publicity and education of consumers, strictly act according to the science, it is equally important to prevent prescription drug abuse.

Hunan province food and drug administration, Party Secretary and Secretary for the xiaocequn recommendations, strengthening exercise full supervision for prescription drugs, prescription from drug production, distribution, auditing, aftermarket dynamic supervision of patient feedback. In addition, perfecting the practicing pharmacists team to play in drug circulation domain such as hospital pharmacies and pharmacies "gatekeeper" role. Regulatory authorities in dealing with cases of violations and aggressive on the issue, once the illegal sale of prescription drugs, to be strictly investigated and dealt with according to law. (Interview and the reporter: Guo Jiuhui, and shuaicai, and Zhang Chen Jun, and Liu Xiangxiao)

　　新华网北京3月25日电 幼儿园给幼儿喂处方药“病毒灵”引起了轩然大波，同时也引发人们对处方药使用和管理的关注。然而，记者在多地调查发现，本应在医生处方指导下使用的处方药，却可以在无医生处方的情况下，从药店、药品经销企业轻而易举买到。

　　处方药“凭处方购买”形同虚设？

　　根据我国《药品流通管理办法》规定，顾客到药品零售企业（药店）购买处方药时，必须持有医师、医生开具的处方；而药品批发企业在销售处方药时，只能销售给具有药品经营资质的组织，包括医疗机构、药品批发企业和药品零售企业，不能销售给个人。但在实际执行中，这两个层面的“凭处方购药”都被打了折扣。

　　记者近日走访长沙、岳阳、郑州等地部分药店发现，多数药店不需要患者出具医生处方即可购买到头孢克洛、阿莫西林、头孢克肟等抗生素类处方药，跟买菜一样“方便”。

　　“是给大人吃还是小孩吃？小孩吃的话建议选择头孢克肟干混悬剂等。”岳阳市一家药店的营业员向记者推销起了处方药，当记者表示没有医生处方时，营业员说：“没关系，大家都这么买。我们推荐这种药效果很好。”

　　记者在采访中还发现，多数省份药店设有“坐堂医”，其作用之一就是方便患者买药。患者只需告知“坐堂医”自己需要什么样的处方药，对方并不多问，开出一张“处方”就可买药。

　　有业内人士指出，迅速扩张的药品市场让执业药师资格证成为“香饽饽”。由于执业药师缺乏，一些药店出现执业药师“人证分离”乱象。部分取得执业药师资格证的从业人员将证件“出租”给药店，自己却不需要天天坐诊，即可获得一定的收入。

　　不仅如此，很多处方药在批发销售环节也存在任意买卖现象。“为了获得商业利润，将处方药违规销售给医药超市、社区医院或是个人的现象非常普遍。”西安一位医药代表张东升（化名）向记者透露，由于可能触及刑事犯罪，药企只对精神类药物的控制比较严格，而其它处方药却存在大量违规销售的情况。

　　张东升告诉记者，只要客户出具处方药的相关证明，即可将处方药卖给客户，而对一些私人诊所伪造的资质证明也不去查验真伪。特别是一些乡村医生并不具有处方权，但也能从医药批发企业买到各种常用的处方药，有时甚至能够通过物流配送、快递的方式获得药品。

　　处方药滥用危害有多大？

　　因为具有一定的毒副作用或潜在影响，按照我国相关法规，处方药必须凭执业医师处方才能购买使用，并要在医生指导下使用。

　　但在日常生活中，很多老百姓习惯于“小病进药店，大病进医院”，凭经验，自己买药按说明书服药。据湖南省食品药品监督管理局食品药品安全信息中心副主任陈光建介绍，前不久湖南接到患者服用药品“尼美舒利”产生不良反应的报告。“尼美舒利”是一种用于退烧的处方药，该药说明书明确标注“肝功能不全者慎用”，由于儿童的肝肾功能发育不全，在不良反应的人群中比例较高。一些服用此药的儿童家长反映，孩子感冒发烧了，到附近药店很容易就买到了这种退烧药，没想到会有副作用。

　　“当前，被滥用最为突出的处方药当属抗生素。”在郑州创办国内首家免费门诊的全国优秀基层医院院长周国平告诉记者，感冒咳嗽动不动就使用抗生素，不当使用或者过量使用抗生素不仅会使人体产生耐药性，还会造成过敏体制等不良影响；滥用激素、安眠药等处方药物造成内分泌紊乱的现象也非常多见。滥用处方药不仅损害患者健康，还严重浪费医疗资源。他认为，处方药被滥用现象应该引起高度重视。

　　“处方药的使用需非常慎重。”湖南省儿童医院大内科主任王希勇焦虑地告诉记者：“医生要根据孩子年龄、体重及病情等综合因素合理安排儿童用药。买药本为了治病，但千万要谨慎，别把危险买回了家。”

　　如何防止处方药滥用？

　　“防止处方药被滥用，应从处方药的生产、经销和使用全过程加强有效监控。”河南省医学科学院院长聂伟认为。药物作为维护人类健康的特殊商品，尤其是处方药，在研制、生产、销售、使用等各个环节都有相应法规的严格控制，按照相关规定，必须是具有一定资质的组织机构或个人才能参与相应的环节，有关部门应负起责任加强监管。

　　湖南一位从事医药经销生意的医药代表告诉记者，药品经销环节的监管模式亟待完善，处方药经销市场还存在诸多安全隐患。“药品在生产和零售之间的批发环节监管相对薄弱，一些药品往往是由各级代理商主机将药品销售给终端的零售企业，需要对这些从事批发业务的代理商进行监管，才能使药品从生产到终端的全过程管理形成完整链条。”

　　对药品使用者也应加强宣传和教育，不能盲目用药。聂伟认为，对药品的使用者，即消费者来说，使用处方药也不应是任意的。现在医药广告满天飞，受其影响，患者及家属自作主张乱吃药、滥用补药的现象很令人担心。宣传教育消费者，严格按科学办事，同样是防止处方药滥用的重要工作内容。

　　湖南省食品药品监督管理局党组书记、局长肖策群等建议，加强对处方药实施全程监督，从药品生产、经销、处方单审核、售后进行动态监管患者反馈。此外，完善执业药师队伍建设，发挥其在医院药房、药店等药品流通领域“把关人”的作用。监管部门在处理违法案件问题上要敢作为，一旦发现违规销售处方药的行为，要依法严格查处。（采写记者：郭久辉、帅才、张晨俊、刘翔霄）

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