Go homepage(回首页) Upload pictures (上传图片) Write articles (发文字帖)
The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/4/29 9:38:26 Surrounding Lake of Mulberry-picking Lake wetland in Hunan private contracting crab were eroded
The?weekly?legal?intern?Xiaopeng
Economic?benefits?of?Mulberry-picking?Lakes?of?Dongting?Lake?wetland?is?facing?as?a?result?driving?was?"engulfed"?situation.
Mulberry-picking?experimental?lakes?located?in?the?East?Dongting?Lake?national?nature?reserve?area,?adjacent?to?the?core?area?of?East?Dongting?Lake?national?nature?reserve,?Hunan?province?and?its?water?area?at?the?time?when?the?majority?of?more?than?10,000?acres,?it?is?the?migratory?Bean?Goose,?thread?the?waters?of?Dongting?Lake,?duck,?the?lesser?White-fronted?Goose,?the?main?breeding?and?Habitat.
The?afternoon?of?April?22,?reporters?follow?environmental?protection?volunteers?in?Mulberry-picking?on?the?embankment?on?the?East?side?of?the?Lake?to?see?an?extensive?body?of?Mulberry-picking?around?the?Lake?there?are?several?digging?machines?are?operating,?its?excavation?two?ring?shaped?dykes?has?basically?taken?shape.?According?to?the?volunteers?said,?at?present,?the?mulberry-picking?Lakes?have?been?local?prices?of?3.7?million?dollars,?the?Government?contracted?out?to?private?breeding?crabs.
Limited?commercial?development?on?wetlands?is?understandable,?the?volunteers?worried?is?that?artificial?dams?changed?the?natural?wetlands,?wetlands?where?the?crab′s?main?food?for?benthic?organisms,?such?as?screws,?and?this?is?exactly?the?habitats?of?migratory?birds?′?food,?prolonged?for?years,?picking?Mulberry?Lake?threatens?to?become?migratory?birds?and?inhospitable?place.
Former?Hunan?provincial?government?staff?officer?Nie?Fangrong,?Hunan?provincial?water?resources?department?experts?told?the?weekly?legal?reporters?pointed?out?that?after?impoundment?of?the?three?gorges?and?Dongting?Lake?wetland?area?larger?than?Lake?area?and,?therefore,?ecological?conservation?in?Dongting?Lake?area?wetland?without?water.?He?suggested?that?the?mulberry-picking?Lake?is?zoned?private?wetlands-the?East?Dongting?Lake?national?nature?protection.
Thousands?of?acres?of?wetlands?were?destroyed?dam-crab
On?April?22,?the?reporters?at?Junshan?District?of?Yueyang?city?073?County?Road?next?to?the?roof?of?the?Dongting?Lake?nature?centre,?wide?range?of?Mulberry-picking?Lakes?on?the?Lake,?several?excavators?are?jobs,?construction?of?the?Lake?was?about?60?cm?high,?thousand-metre?long?circular?Dyke,?thereby,?forming?two?annular?surface?of?Upper?Lake?and?lower?Lake.
Introduction?wetland?environmental?protection?Association?President?Peng?Xianglin?in?Yueyang?city,?Lake?of?Mulberry-picking?was?contracted?out?by?local?5-year?contract,?upper?lakes?used?for?breeding?crabs,?Lake?kinds?Lotus?root.
East?Dongting?Lake?national?nature?reserve?West?of?the?core?area?of?Mulberry-picking?experimental?zone?of?the?Lake?belongs?to?the?protected?area,?so?far,?of?Mulberry-picking?Lake?due?to?its?unique?geographical?conditions,?East?Dongting?Lake?national?nature?reserve?wetland?and?environmental?protection?industry?at?home?and?abroad?as?a?synonym.
As?an?important?habitat?for?wintering?migratory?birds,?picking?Mulberry?Lake?of?winter?migratory?birds?are?mainly?grey?crane,?Bean?Goose,?White-fronted?Goose,?rib?ducks,?mallards,?sandpipers?and?many?other?anti-mouth,?while?the?summer?visitors?Shui?Zhi,?magnificus?floating?gull,?black,?black?chicken,?and?so?on.
In?1984,?when?the?State?Council?approved?the?establishment?of?the?East?Dongting?Lake?national?nature?reserve,?East?of?Mulberry-picking?only?one?dyke?of?Dongting?Lake?after?Lake?into?the?scope?of?protected?areas,?called?the?experimental?zone?of?protected?areas,?but?for?historical?reason,?land?ownership?and?management?of?Mulberry-picking?Lake?are?attributed?to?Junshan?District?Mulberry-picking?town?of?Yueyang?city,?the?geographic?scope?of?protected?areas?jurisdictions?actually?overlap?with?the?Junshan?District.
Starting?in?the?late?90?′s,?Junshan?District?of?Yueyang?city?government?of?Mulberry-picking?town?Mulberry-picking?foreign?contracting?for?fish?farming?in?Lake,?Lake?in?recent?years?because?of?Mulberry-picking?a?contractor?for?bait?fish,?such?as?fertilizers,?animal?wastes,?resulting?in?Mulberry-picking?to?increase?the?degree?of?eutrophication?in?Lake?water?quality?is?poor,?and?wetland?eco-environment?in?affected?wetland?ecological?function?and?biodiversity?decline,?decreasing?Habitat?of?migratory?birds.
Protected?area?authority?to?take?over?the?management?of
Off?the?map?as?a?whole,?mulberry-picking?the?Lake?perimeter?from?the?West?for?"z"?style,?and?synthesis?of?arc-shaped?embankment?to?the?East,?and?embankment?of?an?East-West?direction?extends?the?central?lake,?split?Lake,?of?Mulberry-picking?lake?ecology?are?facing?unprecedented?devastation.
According?to?March?28,?2013?national?forestry?Council?orders?32nd,?wetland?protection?management?provides?under?31st?article?provides:?"except?legal?regulations?has?special?provides?of?yiwai,?in?wetland?within?prohibited?engaged?in?following?activities:?(a)?opened?(WAI)?Ken?wetland,?grazing,?and?fishing;?(ii)?filled?buried,?and?row?dry?wetland?or?unauthorized?change?wetland?uses;?(three)?take?with?or?truncated?wetland?water;?(four)?dug?sand,?and?take?soil,?and?mining;?(five)?emissions?life?sewage,?and?industrial?wastewater;?(six)?damage?wildlife?perched?to,?and?fish?migratory?channel,?Collecting?wild?plant?or?hunted?wildlife;?(VII)?introduction?of?alien?species?and?(VIII)?other?destruction?of?the?ecological?functions?of?wetlands?and?their?activities.?”
Junshan?District?and?Lake?Mining?Mulberry?River,?mulberry?outsourcing?contractors?dam?embankment,?the?construction?of?roads,?separate?the?waters?and?breeding?crabs?and?planting?exotic?Lotus?root?has?diyi、er、San、Liu、Qi、BA?of?serious?violation?of?the?above-mentioned?provisions.
In?addition?to?civil?volunteers?in?addition?to?the?continuous?external?appeals,?stop?construction,?as?career?guardians--of?the?migratory?birds?in?East?Dongting?Lake?national?nature?reserve,?is?still?struggling.
Contract?expires?in?2013?end?of?Mulberry-picking?Lake,?East?Dongting?Lake?national?nature?reserve?Administration?Bureau?had?consultations?with?the?Government?of?Mulberry-picking?town,?mulberry-picking?town?year?after?year?the?Government?raised?500,000?yuan?for?ecological?compensation?capital,?hoping?to?take?over?management?of?Mulberry-picking?Lake,?but?due?to?gaps?in?funding?for?ecological?compensation,?inconclusive?consultations.
According?to?Deputy?Director?in?East?Dongting?Lake?national?nature?reserve?Administration?introduce?Yao?Yi,?as?early?as?eight?years?ago,?East?Dongting?Lake?national?nature?reserve?administration,?mulberry-picking?Lake?wetland?preserve?land?tenure?problems?put?them?to?higher?authorities?classified?as?protected?areas,?as?it?involves?sector?complex,?this?proposal?has?been?put?on?hold.
The?good?news?is?that,?at?present,?the?offer?has?been?approved?by?the?FDA?for?approval,?and?to?report?to?the?Environmental?Protection?Department?for?approval.?Yao?Yi?revealed?that?Lake?Mulberry-picking?can?be?eventually?transferred?to?reserve,?and?queued?for?approval.
Looking?for?economic?benefit?and?ecological?balance
Can?wetland?conservation?and?development?in?parallel??The?evening?of?April?22,?a?number?of?experts,?dozens?of?volunteers?gathered?at?the?mulberry-picking?Lake?Institute?of?Mission?Center,?organized?a?entitled?"Dongting?Lake:?with?loving?attention?to?the?migratory?birds?return?to?the"?Salon.
NIE?cheeks,?former?Hunan?provincial?government?and?the?former?water?conservancy?expert,?who?worked?for?years?in?Dongting?Lake?area,?he?witnessed?a?series?of?wetlands?in?Dongting.?Over?six?years?old?are?the?status?of?wetlands?in?Dongting?Lake?today?is?deeply?worrying.
In?his?view,?outside?the?East?Dongting?Lake?national?nature?reserve,?mulberry-picking?Lake?as?an?important?complement?to?the?core?wetland?Lake?and?West?Lake,?fully?able?to?do?economic?benefits?and?ecological?protection?of?balanced?development.
"As?a?permanent?piece?of?Mulberry-picking?Lake?natural?wetlands?preserved,?a?permanent?bird?habitats,?attracting?birding?enthusiasts?all?over?the?world?in?this?point?bird?watching,?eco?tourist?value?is?maximized.?"NIE?old?view,?close?to?Junshan?District?of?Mulberry-picking?Lake?073?County?Road,?an?excellent?bird-watching?location,?conservatively?estimated?annual?tourist?attraction?of?up?to?3?million?people.
Rolled?out?an?ambitious?vision?of?beauty?in?front?of?Nie?Lao:?073?County?Road?bird?Avenue,?roads?or?social?traffic,?tree-lined?on?both?sides?of?the?street,?on?the?far?side?of?the?road?and?wetland?birds?gather,?playful.
Yao?Yi?believes?that?protection?of?Mulberry-picking?Lake,?took?over?the?management?of?protected?areas?remain?the?best.
Boasted?"Dongting?Lake?Bird?people"?of?Peng?Xianglin?this?year?March?travelled?far?Japan,?he?to?presence?of?volunteers?portrayed?has?Japanese?and?birds?harmony?coexistence?of?picture:?in?Japan,?people?and?bird?can?zero?distance?contact,?small?duck?also?will?fly?to?visitors?hand?Shang?Rob?bread;?transmission?lines?outside?sets?Shang?has?yellow?logo,?used?to?prevention?Red-crowned?cranes?impact?wire;?in?city?in?the,?a?green?if?birds?perched?of?more,?related?sector?on?will?this?set?logo?and?Rodeo?protection......
A?lesson?of?the?case?is?that?10?years?ago,?the?World?Wide?Fund?for?nature?(WWF)?at?the?Western?side?mountains?in?muping?Lake?and?Dongting?Lake,?qingshan?diked?the?successful?implementation?of?demonstration?project?of?returning?land?to?Lake.?By?mobilizing?the?villagers?moved?to?the?Lake,?the?development?of?organic?farming,?Lake?cage?culture,?developing?sightseeing?agriculture,?raise?standards?of?living.?Now?West?side?mountains?in?muping,?diked,?Castle?Peak,?the?Lake?back?to?surface,?birds?of?paradise.
09:25?on?April?29,?2014(湖南采桑湖湿地因私人承包围湖养蟹被蚕食|采桑湖湿地|洞庭湖国家级自然保护区_新闻资讯
《法制周报》实习记者?肖鹏
洞庭湖湿地采桑湖正面临着因经济效益驱动而被“吞噬”的局面。
采桑湖位于东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区实验区内，紧邻湖南省东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区核心区域，其丰水期时面积广大一万余亩，它是洞庭湖水域候鸟豆雁、螺纹鸭、小白额雁等的主要繁殖和栖息地。
4月22日下午，记者跟随环保志愿者在采桑湖东侧防洪堤上看到，广阔的采桑湖湿地周围有多台挖机正在作业，其开挖出来的上下两层环形状堤坝已基本成型。据志愿者透露，目前，采桑湖已被当地政府以370万元的价格承包给私人养殖螃蟹。
对湿地有限的商业开发无可厚非，令志愿者们担心的是，人工筑坝改变了湿地自然面貌，而螃蟹的主要食物为湿地上螺丝等底栖生物，而这恰恰也是在此栖息的候鸟们的美食，经年日久，采桑湖恐将成为候鸟的荒凉之地。
原湖南省政府参事、湖南省水利厅专家聂芳容在接受《法制周报》记者采访时指出，三峡蓄水之后，洞庭湖湿地面积比湖面面积更大，因此，洞庭湖区的生态保护在湿地而不在水。他建议将采桑湖划入专用湿地——东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区保护起来。
万亩湿地被毁筑坝养蟹
4月22日，记者在位于岳阳市君山区073县道旁的洞庭湖大自然访客中心楼顶看到，广阔的采桑湖湖面上，数台挖掘机正在作业，在湖面修筑起了一道高约六十公分、长上千米的圆形堤坝，由此，形成了上湖和下湖两块环形水面。
岳阳市湿地环保促进会会长彭祥林介绍，被地方承包出去的采桑湖合同期5年，上湖用来养殖螃蟹，下湖种藕。
东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区核心区以西的采桑湖属于该保护区的实验区，一直以来，采桑湖因其独特的地理条件，被国内外湿地与环境保护业界视为东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区的代名词。
作为越冬候鸟重要栖息地，在采桑湖可见的冬候鸟主要有灰鹤、豆雁、小白额雁、罗纹鸭、绿头鸭、反嘴鹬等多种，而夏候鸟则可见水稚、须浮鸥、黑鳽、黑水鸡等。
1984年，国务院批准设立东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区时，将与东洞庭湖仅一堤之隔的采桑湖也纳入保护区范围，称之为保护区实验区，但因为历史原因，采桑湖的土地权属与经营权均归属于岳阳市君山区采桑湖镇，保护区的地理范围与君山区的行政辖区实际存在重叠。
从上世纪90年代开始，岳阳市君山区采桑湖镇政府将采桑湖对外承包用于鱼类养殖，近年来由于采桑湖承包人以化肥、动物粪便等为饵料养鱼，导致采桑湖水质变差、水体富营养化程度增加，湿地生态环境受到影响，湿地生态功能降低，生物多样性下降，栖息的候鸟逐年减少。
保护区管理局欲接手管理
从地图上整体来看，采桑湖外围由西面为“Z”字形和东面圆弧形堤坝合成，一条东西方向大堤延伸至湖面中央，将湖面一分为二，采桑湖的生态正在遭遇前所未有的破坏。
根据2013年3月28日国家林业局令第32号《湿地保护管理规定》第31条规定：“除法律法规有特别规定的以外，在湿地内禁止从事下列活动：(一)开(围)垦湿地，放牧、捕捞；(二)填埋、排干湿地或者擅自改变湿地用途；(三)取用或者截断湿地水源；(四)挖砂、取土、开矿；(五)排放生活污水、工业废水；(六)破坏野生动物栖息地、鱼类洄游通道，采挖野生植物或者猎捕野生动物；(七)引进外来物种；(八)其他破坏湿地及其生态功能的活动。”
君山区与采桑湖镇将采桑湖外包后，承包人建坝筑堤、修建道路、分隔水体以及养殖螃蟹和种养外来莲藕等行为已严重违反上述规定的第一、二、三、六、七、八项。
除了民间志愿者们在不断对外呼吁、阻止施工之外，作为候鸟们的职业守护者——东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区也在努力。
2013年年底采桑湖承包到期，东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区管理局曾与采桑湖镇政府协商，提出每年给采桑湖镇政府50万元生态补偿资金，希望能接过采桑湖管理权，但因生态补偿资金方面存在差距，协商无果。
据东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区管理局副局长姚毅介绍，早在八年前，东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区管理局就采桑湖湿地保护问题向上级部门提出将其土地权属划入保护区，由于涉及部门繁杂，此提议一直被搁置。
可喜的是，目前，此提议已获国家林业局审批，并报请环保部门批准。姚毅透露，采桑湖能否最终划归保护区，还要等排队审批。
寻找经济效益与生态保护平衡点
湿地保护与开发能否并行？4月22日晚间，多位专家、数十名志愿者聚集在采桑湖中科院宣教中心，组织了一场题为“洞庭湖：用爱关注?让候鸟回归”的沙龙。
聂芳容，原湖南省政府参事、原水利厅专家，曾在洞庭湖地区工作多年的他见证了洞庭湿地的系列变化。这位年过六旬的老者为今天洞庭湖湿地的现状感到深深忧虑。
他认为，在东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区以外，采桑湖作为核心湿地东湖与西湖的重要补充，完全能够做到经济效益与生态保护平衡发展。
“将采桑湖作为一片永久的原生态湿地保留下来，成为固定的鸟类栖息地，吸引全世界的观鸟爱好者在此定点观鸟，让生态发挥最大的旅游价值。”在聂老看来，采桑湖紧邻君山区073县道，是绝佳的观鸟地段，保守估计年吸引游客可达300万人。
一个宏大美丽的设想在聂老眼前铺开：将073县道改为观鸟大道，道路禁止社会车辆通行，马路两侧绿树成荫，在马路的远处，湿地中万鸟云集，嬉戏其中。
姚毅认为，关于采桑湖的保护，最好的办法仍是由保护区来接手管理。
自诩“洞庭湖鸟人”的彭祥林今年3月远游日本，他向在场的志愿者描绘了日本人与鸟类和谐共存的画面：在日本，人和鸟可以零距离接触，小鸭还会飞到游客手上抢面包；输电线外面套上了黄色标志，用来预防丹顶鹤撞击电线；在城市中，一块绿地如果鸟类栖息的较多，相关部门就会在此树立标志并圈地保护……
一个就近可资借鉴的案例是，10年前，世界自然基金会(WWF)在西洞庭湖西畔山洲垸和青山垸成功实施退田还湖示范项目。通过动员村民搬迁到湖上，发展有机种植，进行湖中网箱养殖，开发观光农业，提高了生活水平。现在的西畔山洲垸、青山垸，湖面全部恢复为水面，成为鸟儿们的天堂。
赞