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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/4/29 9:39:19 Xiangjie， Vice Minister of the Ministry of environmental protection of the new environmental protection law
24th,?four?drafts?of?the?Environmental?Protection?Act?amendments?passed.?This?is?known?as?"the?toughest?in?the?history?of"?what?are?the?environmental?protection?law?of?the?break,?what?would?be?the?promotion?of?environmental?protection?whether?it?is?able?to?enhance?the?quality?of?the?environment,?the?people′s?environmental?rights?protect??In?this?regard,?the?reporter?interview?with?Pan?Yue,?Vice?Minister?of?the?Ministry?of?environmental?protection.
New?law?to?present?one?of?the?most?powerful?environmental?law
Reporter:?do?you?think?environmental?laws?in?this?amendment?meets?the?Environmental?Protection?Department′s?expectations?
Pan?Yue:?in?present?circumstances,?original?environmental?law?have?exposed?many?flaws?and?shortcomings,?mainly?legislative?concept?it?is?not?adapted?to?the?changing?demands?of?the?times,?the?legal?position?is?not?clear,?the?Government?environmental?responsibility?harder?to?implement,?and?a?single?convergence?bad?laws,?and?so?on.?These?several?points?and?the?focus?of?the?revision.
In?my?view,?the?new?law?has?four?characteristics:
One?that?targets?reasonable,?is?the?basis?of?positioning?in?the?field?of?environmental?law.
B?is?an?innovative?idea.?Some?of?the?main?concepts?in?the?field?of?environmental?protection?in?recent?years?and?guiding?spirit,?such?as?ecological,?sustainable?development,?conservation?priorities,?reflected?in?the?new?law.
Third?is?to?improve?the?system.?Some?of?the?new?systems,?such?as?the?red?line,?the?environmental?health?risk?assessment?of?ecological?protection,?ecological?compensation,?the?new?law?has?been?clearly?established.?Existing?old?systems,?such?as?environmental?impact?assessment,?regional?limits?and?so?on,?has?been?perfected.
IV?strengthening?responsibility.?An?additional?daily?penalty,?such?measures?as?security?detention,?provides?environmental?public?interest?litigation,?empowering?environmental?authorities?seized?the?right?of?arrest,?defined?the?legal?status?of?the?environmental?watchdog?agency.
The?Dharma?has?the?maximum?condensation?of?consensus,?is?one?of?the?most?powerful?environmental?law?at?this?stage,?but?also?for?the?future?harmonization?of?environmental?protection?"Basic?Law"?has?laid?a?good?foundation.
The?new?law?is?expected?to?reverse?the?inaction?of?local?government
Reporter:?"Government?responsible?for?environmental?quality"?mentality?in?the?laws?previously?in?force?also?has?confessed,?but?in?the?past?it,?government?inaction?or?inappropriate?as?often?lead?to?deterioration?in?environmental?quality,?therefore,?standardize?Government?behavior?is?very?important.?What?is?the?breakthrough?new?laws?in?this?regard?
Pan?Yue:?strengthened?government?accountability?is?the?focus?of?the?revision.?Original?environmental?law?has?a?very?important?flaws,?government?responsibility?is?not?in?place,?resulting?in?"local?government?responsible?for?environmental?quality"?provides?a?mere?formality.?In?many?ways?the?new?law?strengthening?the?Government?responsibility,?there?have?been?significant?breakthroughs:
Law?establishes?objective?responsibility?system?and?evaluation?system?of?environmental?protection,?and?improve?the?NPC′s?supervision,?strengthening?environmental?monitoring.
In?addition,?sound?accountability?mechanism.?Illegal?imposition?of?administrative?permits,?covering?nine?acts?such?as?environmental?violations,?the?new?law?provides?for?Governments?or?heads?of?departments?are?directly?responsible?for?the?personnel?and?other?persons?directly?responsible?shall?be?given?demerits,?demerit?and?demoted,?causing?serious?consequences,?dismissed?or?expelled?from?disciplinary?action,?whose?main?leader?should?resign.
Overall,?the?environmental?responsibility?for?the?strengthening?and?implementation?of?the?new?Act?the?Government?has?laid?a?legal?foundation.
Enhanced?responsibility,?increase?the?penalties?become?the?focus?of?the?new?law
Reporter:?existing?environmental?laws?has?been?accused?of?weakness,?areas?in?which?the?new?Act?reflects?the?laws?"as?hard?as?steel"?theory?
Pan?Yue:?"illegal?low?cost"?is?the?chronic?ills?of?China′s?environmental?protection?laws?and?regulations.?The?revision?of?the?environmental?protection?law?will?strengthen?the?focus?on?legal?liability,?increase?penalties,?has?made?a?great?breakthrough:
First,?an?additional?daily?penalty.?New?environmental?protection?law?clearly?stipulates?that?enterprises,?institutions?and?other?producers?illegal?sewage,?were?fined,?ordered?corrective?action?and?refused?to?correct,?consecutive?daily?fines?according?to?the?original?penalty?amounts.?This?punishment?is?not?capped,?will?greatly?improve?the?law?costs.
Second,?the?creation?of?public?security?penalty.?Provisions?of?the?new?law?"does?not?need?to?be?built,"?refused?to?correct?such?four?acts,?police?custody?may?be?awarded?punishment,?which?will?greatly?deter?illegal?people.
Third,?the?establishment?of?joint?and?several?liability.?New?law?makes?clear?that?environmental?impact?assessment,?environmental?monitoring?institutions?and?in?the?field?of?environmental?monitoring?equipment?and?anti-pollution?facilities?maintenance?and?operation?of?institutions,?falsification,?in?the?activities?related?to?environmental?services?responsible?for?environmental?pollution?and?ecological?damage?caused?by,?and?other?responsible?party?shall?bear?joint?and?several?liability.
IV,?enhance?the?enterprise?for?punishing?the?illegal?acts?of?the?new?law?and?has?also?given?the?environmental?protection?departments?of?responsibility?and?authority.?For?example,?empowerment?and?environmental?protection?Department?commissioned?environmental?monitoring?agency?inspection?rights,?giving?administrative?enforcement?of?environmental?protection?departments?of?attachment,?arrest?powers,?provisions?exceeded?the?environmental?protection?departments?the?authority?to?order?the?total?or?ultra?enterprises?limited?production,?production?of?sewage?treatment,?and?so?on.
Good?laws,?environmental?protection?departments?are?needed?careful?examinations?on
Reporter:?escort?how?to?embody?the?role?of?the?environment?to?improve?the?quality?of?the?new?law??In?addition,?the?legal?responsibilities?for?environmental?protection?departments?is?more?demanding,?environmental?protection?departments?how?to?cope?with?the?new?situation?
Pan?Yue:?from?the?legislation?the?purpose?of?the?new?law?to?regulatory?measures,?has?always?been?to?improve?environmental?quality-oriented.
Such?as,?legislation?purpose?is?to?protection?and?improved?environment,?guarantees?public?health;?while?further?clear?place?levels?Government?should?on?environment?quality?is?responsible?for,?and?through?environmental?planning?determines?pollution?control?of?target,?and?task?and?guarantees?measures;?requires?local?government?according?to?environmental?target?and?governance?task,?take?effective?measures,?improved?environment?quality;?is?not?reached?environment?quality?standard?of?local?government,?should?developed?deadline?standard?planning?and?regular?standard;?on?is?not?completed?environment?quality?target?of?area,?environmental?sector?introduced?regional?ring?assessment?limited?batch.
However,?can?eventually?improve?the?quality?of?the?environment,?also?the?ability?to?implement?the?new?Act.?Environmental?protection?departments?in?the?exercise?of?powers?under?the?law,?must?also?assume?corresponding?responsibilities.?New?environmental?protection?law?provides?for?severe?administrative?accountability?measures?in?this?area.
In?future,?the?Environmental?Protection?Department?performance?must?be?strictly?in?accordance?with?the?law,?so?that?"without?negligence?and?malfeasance",?otherwise?it?will?bear?the?corresponding?legal?responsibility.
A?series?of?environmental?laws?are?enacted?to?amend?the?speed?increase?(link)
The?amendments?to?the?law?on?environmental?protection,?air?pollution?prevention?and?control?law,?the?law?of?prevention?and?control?of?water?pollution,?changes?in?soil?pollution?prevention?law?will?play?a?positive?role?in?promoting.
On?one?hand,?institutional?innovation?made?by?the?environmental?laws,?such?as?conservation?priorities,?government?responsibilities?provisions?of?the?basic?principles,?quality-oriented,?individual?changes?in?environmental?laws?have?laid?a?good?foundation.?The?other?hand,?the?Environmental?Protection?Act?provides?for?basic?principles?and?systems,?such?as?volume?control,?sewage,?such?as?license?management,?environmental?and?economic?policies,?will?be?further?refined?in?these?individual?environmental?laws.?According?to?reports,?the?revision?of?the?environmental?protection?law,?individuals?will?further?accelerate?the?pace?of?changes?in?environmental?laws.
According?to?reports,?the?current?session?of?the?national?people′s?Congress?has?revised?air?pollution?prevention?law?and?the?law?of?prevention?and?control?of?water?pollution,?soil?pollution?prevention?law?is?enacted,?included?in?the?five-year?legislation?plan.
Environmental?Protection?Department?is?cooperating?with?the?Legislative?Affairs?Office?of?the?State?Council?to?study?drafting?new?revised?air?pollution?prevention?law?towards?submitted?to?the?Legislative?Affairs?Office?as?soon?as?possible.?At?the?same?time,?commissioned?by?the?national?people′s?Congress?environmental?and?resources?Committee,?Ministry?of?environmental?protection?is?to?seize?soil?pollution?prevention?law?drafting,?years?environmental?and?resources?Committee?is?expected?to?submit?a?proposed?draft?of?the?draft.
Water?pollution?control?law?revision,?preliminary?research?work?being?carried?out.
24日，四易其稿的《环境保护法》修订通过。这部被称为“史上最严”的环保法有哪些突破，对环保工作会有哪些促进，能否为环境质量提升、百姓环境权益保驾护航？对此，本报记者专访了环境保护部副部长潘岳。
新法为现阶段最有力度的一部环保法
记者：您觉得环保法这次修订是否达到了环保部门的预期？
潘岳：在现阶段情况下，原环保法已经暴露出诸多缺陷和不足，主要是立法理念已不适应时代变化的要求、法律定位不清晰、政府环境责任难落实、与单项法的衔接不顺等等。这几点也是此次修订的重点。
我认为，新法有四个特点：
一是定位合理，是定位在环境领域的基础性法律。
二是创新理念。近年来环保领域的一些主要理念和指导精神，如生态文明、可持续发展、保护优先等，新法中都有所体现。
三是完善制度。一些新的制度，如生态保护红线、环境健康风险评估、生态补偿等，新法都作了明确规定。现有的一些老制度，如环评、区域限批等，也进行了调整完善。
四是强化责任。增设了按日计罚、治安拘留等措施，规定了环境公益诉讼，赋予环保部门查封扣押权，明确了环境监察机构的法律地位。
此次修法已最大限度凝聚了各方共识，是现阶段最有力度的一部环保法，也为未来统一协调大环保“基本法”奠定了良好基础。
新法有望扭转地方政府不作为局面
记者：“政府对环境质量负责”的思想在原有法律中也有交待，但从既往看，政府不作为或者不恰当作为往往导致环境质量的下降，因此，规范政府行为非常重要。新法在这方面有何突破？
潘岳：强化政府责任是此次修订的重点。原环保法存在一个很重要的缺陷，就是政府责任落实不到位，导致“地方政府对环境质量负责”的规定流于形式。新法从多个方面强化政府责任，有了重大突破：
新法规定了环境保护目标责任制和考核评价制度，完善了人大监督，强化了环境监察。
此外，还健全了问责机制。对违法实施行政许可、包庇环境违法行为等九种行为，新法规定对政府或部门直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员给予记过、记大过或者降级处分；造成严重后果的，给予撤职或开除处分，其主要负责人应引咎辞职。
总体来看，新法为强化和落实政府环境责任奠定了法律基础。
强化责任、加大处罚成为新法重点
记者：原有环保法一直被指偏软，新法从哪些方面体现了法律要“像钢铁一样硬”的思想？
潘岳：“违法成本低”是我国环保法律法规长期存在的痼疾。此次修订环保法，将强化法律责任、加大处罚力度作为重点，有了很大突破：
一是增设按日计罚。新环保法明确规定，企业事业单位和其他生产经营者违法排污，受到罚款处罚，被责令改正而拒不改正的，按照原处罚数额按日连续处罚。这一处罚，上不封顶，将极大地提高违法成本。
二是增设治安处罚。新法规定对“未批先建”拒不改正等四种行为，可给予治安拘留处罚，这将极大震慑违法行为人。
三是增设连带责任。新法明确规定，环境影响评价机构、环境监测机构以及从事环境监测设备和防治污染设施维护、运营的机构，在有关环境服务活动中弄虚作假、对造成的环境污染和生态破坏负有责任的，应当与其他责任者承担连带责任。
第四，新法在加大对企业违法行为处罚力度的同时，也赋予环保部门一些职责和权限。比如，赋予环保部门委托的环境监察机构现场检查权，赋予环保部门查封、扣押的行政强制权，规定环保部门有权责令超标或超总量排污的企事业单位限制生产、停产整治等。
好的法律，还需环保部门认真履职
记者：新法对环境质量提升的保驾护航作用如何体现？此外，法律对环保部门的职责要求更高了，环保部门如何应对这样的新形势？
潘岳：新法从立法宗旨到监管措施，始终以如何改善环境质量为导向。
例如，立法目的就是要保护和改善环境，保障公众健康；同时进一步明确地方各级政府应当对环境质量负责，并通过环保规划确定污染防治的目标、任务和保障措施；要求地方政府根据环保目标和治理任务，采取有效措施，改善环境质量；未达到环境质量标准的地方政府，应当制定限期达标规划并按期达标；对未完成环境质量目标的地区，环保部门实行区域环评限批。
但是，最终能否彻底改善环境质量，还要看新法能否贯彻落实。环保部门在行使法律赋予的权力时，也必须承担相应责任。新环保法在这方面规定了严厉的行政问责措施。
今后，环保部门履职，必须严格依法办事，做到“不失职、不渎职”，否则将承担相应的法律责任。
一系列环保法律制订修订提速(链接)
《环境保护法》的修订，对大气污染防治法、水污染防治法、土壤污染防治法的制定或修订都将起到积极的促进作用。
一方面，环保法里所作的制度创新，如保护优先的基本原则、政府责任规定、环境质量导向等，为各单项环保法律的制定或修订打下了良好基础。另一方面，环保法规定的基本原则和制度，如总量控制、排污许可管理、环境经济政策等，将在这些单项环保法律中得到进一步细化。据介绍，有了环保法的修订，各单项环保法律的制定或修订步伐将进一步加快。
据介绍，本届全国人大常委会已将修订大气污染防治法和水污染防治法、制定土壤污染防治法，列入了五年立法规划。
环保部正在配合国务院法制办，研究起草大气污染防治法新的修改稿，争取尽快报送法制办。同时，受人大环资委的委托，环保部正在抓紧土壤污染防治法起草工作，预计年内向环资委报送草案建议稿。
水污染防治法的修订，也正在开展前期的研究论证工作。
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