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The author:(作者)归海一刀
published in(发表于) 2014/4/30 23:20:38
My first flew its first domestically built jets worldwide success

On April 28, the Xian yanliang, new regional jets for commercial aircraft Corporation of China ARJ21-700 "104" airplane in North America successfully completes natural icing tests return safely after his trial. This is China's first indigenous Turbofan Jet regional jet flying over the country for the first time unique meteorological conditions of the experimental flight test and achieve a 30,000 km circumnavigation.

　　Three continents, two oceans, long-distance flight test aircraft reliability

ARJ21-700 the new regional jets the "104" on March 15, proceeding from yanliang in XI ' an, arrived here March 28 Canada Windsor Airport. Zhihou 11 days in, "104" rack machine in Canada Southeast and United States in the East five big Lake District RADIUS 2000 km of airspace range within, has for 9 sorties amounted to 27 hours 14 minutes of test flight, successfully completed all related flight subjects, detection has aircraft wing, and windshield, and engine short class, parts of anti-ice except ice features, and validation has engine, and auxiliary powerplant, and atmospheric data, system in freezes conditions Xia of features, and aircraft of manipulation quality, and stall performance, numerous content.

ARJ21 model Chief Designer Chen Yong said, ARJ21-700 the new regional jet is China's first Turbofan Jet regional jet developed in full accordance with international standards, currently under review of the Civil Aviation Administration of China and the United States Federal Aviation Administration, "review of shadows" full airworthiness certification. To get the aircraft type certificate, natural icing trials was a crucial flight test subjects, require planes can fly safely in a natural icing conditions.

Deputy General Manager of COMAC, said Luo Ronghuai ARJ21 Project Director, the use of global resources for flight trials in the civil aviation industry is not a new idea. In his view, this successfully completes natural icing test, proving safety of aircraft flying in icy weather conditions. At the same time, walk long distances across three continents, two oceans, fully validated in different countries and regions of the complex adaptability under harsh weather environment, reliability and security.

"Trials in North America, looking for the right weather is relatively easy, but the real difficulty is that COMAC like giant drawing on national and global resources to complete the test. "Luo Ronghuai said, ARJ21-700 the new regional aircraft North American natural icing test flights through the channel of China's civil aircraft to flight abroad, for subsequent domestic civil aircraft in flight test work carried out under special weather conditions abroad has gained experience, have paved the way.

　　Persistent, 5 minute to complete a number of high-risk subjects

Despite the early validation of aircraft anti-icing and deicing capability test was smooth, but at the end of "stability tests", the process is not satisfactory.

Stability test of the key is how to keep the aircraft as long as ice in order to verify that the aircraft once it freezes in safe operations. On request, aircraft icing of the wings was not protective surface thickness of 5 cm to 7.5 cm premise, through a series of steady movement. To this end, the China Civil Aviation Administration test pilot Zhao Zhiqiang continue to try, but still unable to succeed.

8th morning, meteorological experts said the test aircraft completed the probability of no more than 30% in the day, but the flight test team still chasing the clouds by ice. Aircraft completed two effective freeze, but in steady maneuvering before a test flight came off the ice. After a brief break, airplane flew toward a cloud area.

During tests in icing region, insufficient thickness of ice accompanied by removal of ice. At this point, the unit fly nearly 2.5 hours in the air, nearly 1100 km distance from main airports. Amount of oil on the plane has not been sufficient, once again facing "none foundered" embarrassment.

At this point, Zhao Zhiqiang, with two years experience on the ARJ21 aircraft performance, amount of oil is expected to have about 5 minutes, you can do it again to try. Unit soon entered the cloud zone, and soon the pilots found in unprotected areas of the windscreen quickly freezing occurred. According to the flight test engineer's reply "very good climatic conditions, in full compliance with regulatory requirements", Zhao Zhiqiang breath completed including ups and downs climbed steep turns circled under the schema type, step about 30 degrees aileron roll maneuver, natural icing stall characteristics in all configurations of flight and circled the landing gear under the conditions of a significant number of high-risk, stable flight test subjects.

Eventually, after 4 hours 1 minute flight in a row, the ARJ21 Windsor Airport landed safely, plagued by natural icing tests on the completion of the project team for 4 years.

The ARJ21 aircraft also flew over the Asian, Europe and America after the three continents and two oceans of the Pacific, Atlantic, and completed a voyage from East to West in the northern hemisphere, total 30,000 km circumnavigation along the total through 18 airports in 10 countries, has withstood the storm, blowing snow and Crosswinds and windshear, poor weather and environmental tests.

　　4月28日，西安阎良，中国商飞公司ARJ21—700新支线飞机“104”架机在北美圆满完成自然结冰试验试飞后安全返回。这是中国首款自主研制的涡扇喷气支线客机首次飞越国门开展特殊气象环境下的试验试飞，并实现了3万公里环球飞行。

　　三大洲两大洋，长途飞行验证飞机可靠性能

　　ARJ21—700新支线飞机“104”架机于3月15日从西安阎良出发，3月28日抵达加拿大温莎机场。之后11天里，“104”架机在加拿大东南部和美国中东部五大湖区方圆2000公里的空域范围内，先后进行9架次共计27小时14分钟的试验试飞，圆满完成所有相关试飞科目，检测了飞机机翼、风挡、发动机短舱等部位的防冰除冰功能，并验证了发动机、辅助动力装置、大气数据等系统在结冰条件下的功能，以及飞机的操控品质、失速性能等众多内容。

　　ARJ21型号总设计师陈勇介绍说，ARJ21—700新支线飞机是我国第一款完全按照国际标准研制的涡扇喷气支线客机，目前正在中国民用航空局的审查和美国联邦航空局的“影子审查”下全面开展适航验证工作。要获得飞机型号合格证，自然结冰试验是一个关键试飞科目，要求飞机在自然结冰情况下能安全飞行。

　　中国商飞副总经理、ARJ21项目总指挥罗荣怀说，利用全球资源进行飞行试验在民航业其实不是一件新鲜事。他认为，此次圆满完成自然结冰试飞，证明了飞机在结冰气象条件下飞行的安全性。同时，跨越三大洲、两大洋的长途跋涉，充分验证了飞机在不同国家和地区各种复杂恶劣气象环境下的适应性、可靠性和安全性。

　　“在北美地区试验，寻找合适的天气相对容易，但真正的难点在于中国商飞如何像行业巨头那样动用全国乃至全球资源完成这次试验。”罗荣怀说，ARJ21—700新支线飞机北美自然结冰试飞打通了中国民机到国外试飞的通道，为后续国产民机在国外开展特殊气象条件下的试飞工作积累了经验，铺平了道路。

　　坚持不懈，5分钟完成多项高风险科目

　　尽管前期验证飞机防冰和除冰能力的试验十分顺利，但在最后的“操稳试验”中，过程却不尽如人意。

　　操稳试验的关键就在于如何让飞机尽可能久的保持冰型，以验证飞机一旦结冰后是否能够安全运营。根据要求，飞机要在机翼未防护表面的结冰厚度达到5厘米到7.5厘米的前提下，完成一系列操稳动作。为此，中国民用航空局试飞员赵志强不断尝试，但始终难以成功。

　　8日一早，气象专家表示，当天飞机完成试验的概率不超过30%，但试飞团队仍然追云逐冰。飞机完成了两次有效结冰，但在进行操稳机动试飞前冰就出现了脱落。短暂休整后，飞机再次飞向既定云区。

　　在结冰区域开展试验期间，结冰的厚度不足，还伴有脱冰现象。而此时，机组在空中飞行近两个半小时，与主机场的距离达到近1100公里。飞机上的油量已经不太充裕，再次面临“无功而返”的尴尬。

　　此时，赵志强凭借两年来关于ARJ21飞机性能的经验，预计还有约5分钟的油量，可以再做一次尝试。机组旋即进入云区，不久，飞行员就发现在风挡的未保护区域迅速出现了冰点。根据试飞工程师的回复“气候条件非常好，完全符合规章的要求”，赵志强一口气完成了包括未放起落架构型下的爬大坡度转弯盘旋、左右30度副翼阶跃滚转机动、自然结冰所有构型下失速特性飞行和带起落架条件下的大幅度盘旋在内的多项高风险操稳试飞科目。

　　最终，在连续飞行4小时1分钟后，ARJ21安全降落温莎机场，困扰着项目团队4年的自然结冰试验圆满完成。

　　此次ARJ21飞机同时飞越亚欧美三大洲和太平洋、大西洋两大洋之后，完成了北半球自东向西、总航程3万公里的环球飞行，沿途共经停10个国家的18个机场，其间经受住了暴风雪、吹雪、大侧风和风切变等各种恶劣气象环境的考验。

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