Go homepage(回首页)
Upload pictures (上传图片)
Write articles (发文字帖)

The author:(作者)归海一刀
published in(发表于) 2014/5/5 7:43:04
Comeback as many black households or the end of history

Xinhuanet, Nanchang, May 5 (reporters Gao Haoliang and and and)-settled cease to be paid "chaoshengfakuan" chip, newborns can be settled without investment enterprises enter talent market of the strength of the medical birth certificate, from February to April of this year, household registration authorities in Nanchang, Jiangxi, and Shandong province implemented one after another newborn household registration to go through the new deal. Experts believe that "newborns settle in" and "chaoshengfakuan" decoupling, highlighting modern governance idea of administration according to law in China.

　　Settled or the new deal will put an end to "Black households" history

In early April the local family planning authorities to inform condemned to newborns without paying the "chaoshengfakuan" account invoices can also be achieved, Nanchang County, Jiangxi province villager Liu Yao Tong Nan democracy Chau also doubt, hesitated for a week, I didn't expect to have born in the local police station for half a year's grandson has smooth account.

Seeing that the statutory time limit of one month is approaching, worry about court-ordered, Liu Yao island two days ago, is the initiative of paying a $ 17,000 worth of "chaoshengfakuan". "Sooner or later will have to pay the money, but they are useless on the account, so we will pay the fine. "Liu Yaozhou told reporters that it made him feel more acceptable to some.

On April 1, 2014, and start the reform of household register system in Nanchang City Public Security Bureau, according to the Nanchang city public security organs domicile code of business, both parents have one household registration scheme in Nanchang condemned persons by virtue of birth, parents marriage certificate, as well as co-owner of the medical certificate can apply for an account. "New policies to address previously due to work and family planning departments of public security law enforcement as a result of neonatal issues not settled in time. "Nanchang City Public Security Bureau census detachment under Captain Feng Zhao said.

Shandong province from February up implementation household new policy, which Shandong Province Police Office on further specification was born registration management about problem of notification under in the clear provides, on unmarried fertility, and plans outside fertility, and Super family planning, violation family planning policy of was born population handle account, never allows free established any Qian reset program and attached conditions, never allows prevarication wrangling, and drags even refused to accepted, never allows caused "Black households".

Data show that since the implementation of the new policy, police in Shandong province for a total of more than 300,000 newborns go through birth registration, including birth over 1 staff of more than 120,000 people.

　　"Bundling" administrative convenience but prejudice legitimate interests of citizens

Adopted in 2001, the People's Republic of China on population and family planning law the 41st article, is not required by law to have children by citizens shall pay social support expenditure. In February this year, renowned Director Zhang Yimou had unplanned births, nearly 7.5 million dollars paid to the family planning departments, "chaoshengfakuan".

However, in the vast rural areas, one child families are mostly financial difficulties, "chaoshengfakuan" is difficult to levy in place. Zhai Zhenwu, Dean of Renmin University of China social and demographic survey showed that in rural areas on the rate of collection of social maintenance fees are in place only to 20%. Coupled with some grass-roots Government stated in the assessment, discuss the family planning work substandard, promoted, etc will be a veto, "settled in neonates" bundle "chaoshengfakuan" long passage "local policy".

Family planning departments in Nanchang city official told reporters that work for family planning, family planning and procedures established between the public security departments accounts is: "comeback" to the public security department to handle the account, must be issued to the family planning departments to pay "chaoshengfakuan" the invoice, or not to go through.

"Can't go to school, have no health insurance, can't take the train ... ... All need ID cards can do, even to the drugstore to buy cold medicine not to. "21 year old Beijing" Black households "Li Xue said. Sixth census found in China, there are more than 13 million people do not have an account, or about 1 out of every 100 people who "Black households", most of whom are unpaid "chaoshengfakuan" population, a huge crowd in general many inconveniences such as schooling, employment and have no access to our citizens deserve the benefits and protection of health.

To the payment of "chaoshengfakuan" as a precondition for condemned to obtain account, is in a given period of Hobson 's, "this bundle simplifies administration, undermining access to schooling, medical care, and other basic rights of citizens. "Zhengzhou University law school Associate Professor Yuan Yong believes that parents one child is illegal, but" the Board "should not hit the child.

　　The end of "Black households" demonstrating government law idea

"De-linked from the household registration and social compensation fee levied in neonates, in line with the present idea of administration by law of our country. "Member of the law society of China, Fudan University Law School Professor Zhu Shudi believes that the move reflects" according to governance, strengthening the rule of law guarantees use thought of rule of law and the rule of law to resolve social contradictions "modern concepts of governance.

People's Republic of China seventh Registration Ordinance provides that the baby was born less than a month, raised by heads of household, family, or neighbors to babies born permanent household registration authorities to register, not specifically provided herein in the case of one child, registration must be after the first payment.

Zhu Shudi pointed out that in China, there is no unified code of administrative procedure law appears at the national level "bundle" of important reasons. The development of the rule of law there is a gradual process, well established administrative law set by the order, requires socio-political, economic, cultural and other aspects of common efforts.

Family planning departments in Nanchang city concerns, difficulty or collection of social maintenance fees in the future will greatly improve, is imposed by the need to innovate working methods and greater reliance on legal channels.

　　新华网南昌5月5日电(记者高皓亮、张卉) 落户不再成为缴纳“超生罚款”的筹码，新生儿无需准生证凭《出生医学证明》即可落户，今年2月至4月，江西南昌市和山东省户籍部门相继实行新生儿户籍办理新政。专家分析认为，“新生儿落户”和“超生罚款”脱钩，彰显我国依法行政的现代国家治理理念。

　　落户新政或将终结“黑户”历史

　　4月初当地计生部门告知超生新生儿无需缴纳“超生罚款”发票也可取得户口时，江西省南昌县塘南镇民主村村民刘摇洲还不太相信，迟疑一周后，没料到还真在当地派出所为出生已半年的孙子顺利办了户口。

　　眼见一个月的法定期限将至，担心法院强制执行，刘摇洲两天前还是主动缴纳了1.7万元“超生罚款”。“钱早晚都要缴，但他们没用上户口，让我们缴纳罚款。”刘摇洲告诉记者，这让他感觉更容易接受一些。

　　2014年4月1日起，南昌市公安局启动户籍制度改革，根据《南昌市公安机关户籍业务办理规范》，父母双方有一方为南昌户籍的计划外超生人员凭《出生医学证明》、父母结婚证明以及户口簿即可办理户口。“新政策主要为解决此前由于公安和计生部门协作执法而造成的新生儿未及时落户问题。”南昌市公安局户政支队副支队长赵峰说。

　　山东省从2月起实施户籍新政策，其中山东省公安厅《关于进一步规范出生登记管理有关问题的通知》中明确规定，对未婚生育、计划外生育、超计划生育等违反计划生育政策的出生人口办理户口，决不允许随意设立任何前置程序和附加条件，决不允许推诿扯皮、久拖不决甚至拒绝受理，决不允许造成“黑户”。

　　数据显示，自新政策实施以来，山东省公安机关共为30余万新生儿办理了出生登记，其中1周岁以上的出生人员达12万余人。

　　“捆绑”方便行政但损害公民合法权益

　　2001年通过的《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》第四十一条明确规定，未按法律规定生育子女的公民，应当缴纳社会抚养费。今年2月，知名导演张艺谋就曾因为计划外生育，向计生部门缴纳了近750万元的“超生罚款”。

　　然而在广大农村地区，超生家庭大多经济困难，“超生罚款”难以征收到位。中国人民大学社会与人口学院院长翟振武的一项调研显示，农村地区对社会抚养费的征收到位率仅20%。加上部分基层政府在考核中规定，计生工作未达标者评优、提拔等均将被一票否决，“新生儿落户”捆绑“超生罚款”成为各地长期通行的“土政策”。

　　南昌市计生部门相关负责人告诉记者，为做好计生工作，计生和公安部门之间约定俗成的户口办理程序是：“超生户”到公安部门办理户口，必须出具向计生部门缴纳“超生罚款”的发票，否则不予办理。

　　“上不了学，没有医保，没法坐火车……所有需要身份证的全做不了，甚至到药店买感冒药也买不到。”21岁的北京“黑户”李雪说。我国第六次人口普查发现，全国有1300余万人没有户口，即约每100人中就有1个“黑户”，其中大部分为未缴纳“超生罚款”的人口，庞大的人群普遍面临上学、就业等诸多不便，无法享受我国公民生而应得的各项福利和保障。

　　以缴纳“超生罚款”作为超生儿取得户口的前置条件，是在特定时期的无奈之举，“这种捆绑行为方便了行政，却损害了公民入学、就医等基本权利的获得。”郑州大学法学院副教授袁勇认为，父母超生违法，但“板子”不应打在孩子身上。

　　终结“黑户”彰显政府依法行政理念

　　“新生儿户口登记与社会抚养费征收脱钩，符合我国现行的依法行政理念。”中国行政法学会理事、复旦大学法学院教授朱淑娣认为，这一举措体现了“坚持依法治理，加强法治保障，运用法治思维和法治方式化解社会矛盾”的现代国家治理理念。

　　《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》第七条规定，婴儿出生一个月以内，由户主、亲属、抚养人或邻居向婴儿常住地户口登记机关申报出生登记，此处并未特别说明如系超生儿，必须先缴费后登记。

　　朱淑娣指出，我国尚无国家层面统一的行政程序法法典是出现“捆绑”现象的重要原因。法治的发展有一个渐进的过程，完全确立行政法律所设定的秩序，需要相应的社会政治、经济、文化等诸多方面的共同努力。

　　南昌市计生部门担忧，今后社会抚养费的征收难度或将大大提高，需要创新工作方法并更多依靠法律途径征收。

赞