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The author:(作者)归海一刀
published in(发表于) 2014/5/5 7:48:03
Iran canceled oil exploration contract， hailed delay duration

Beijing authorities wide nets May 5, according to voice of the global Chinese radio network reported recently Iran oil company signed with the China National Petroleum Corporation announced the suspension of a total of as much as $ 2.5 billion oil exploration contracts, attracted international media attention. Iran announced the cancellation of oilfield development agreement with PetroChina because Chinese companies delay duration. China Radio International Li Jianguo update:

In September 2009, oil and Iran sign development South of zhadegan oil field contracts, the oil and gas field is the world's largest oil deposit, up to 42 billion barrels of proven reserves. Under the contract, CNPC should be doing every day in Iran extract 600,000 barrels of crude oil, first phase contract oilfield exploitation 185 exit, but not satisfied with the level of progress of the project, pointed out that after the oil contract was signed in the lumbering, mining only seven oil wells. In February, Iran Oil Minister publicly said PetroChina can't delay, Iraq also issued a 90-day ultimatum, urges China to accelerate the implementation of the contract duration. After seeing no substantial advance, oil field development in Iraq announced the cancellation of the contract.

Oil and Iran is an oil company called buy-back contracts, terms of service, this is Iran and project contracts signed by foreign oil companies in a common format. , Including the cancellation of the contract item, the Chinese oil and gas in Iran almost always this contract model of construction work. But in this mode, Chinese enterprises need to advance all the development costs, in oil field oil production and production reached a certain scale, Iran will follow the proportional to companies selling into China as repayment and compensation.

But Iran is no right to own the oil field in China, and if oil production does not meet the design requirements, or if the oil price is low, then it may be totally unproductive. Along with the buy-back contracts, Iran has also suggested a technique called local restrictions, local foreign oil companies must use Iran the workload of local equipment, materials and services accounted for more than 50%, but in the West to Iran sanctions background, although many domestic equipment can be shipped to Iran, but some key points still need Western technology and equipment. In the case of external and internal environment is critical, Chinese oil company projects proceed, likelihood of loss is greater, so sitting back becomes a rational choice, at least not after too much invested in the drain.

In addition, Iran has imported iron ore to China for nearly 15 years, and now Iran became, following Australia, and Brazil, and South Africa's fourth largest overseas iron ore imports after the country of origin. China has become Iran's largest iron ore exporter. But these days, in the iron ore trade was in a difficult position, reported back to the Phoenix reporter Li Rui from Tehran:

Iran mostly magnetite iron ore elected finished mining high grade and low prices in recent years have been favored by Chinese mills, China imported Iran iron ore is constantly increasing. 2013 22.43 million tonnes in 2008, four times, China has become Iran's largest exporter of iron ore. But Western financial sanctions, both financial settlement faces many risks.

"To side with iron ore, banking is impossible to carry out, it can only be said that take the form of cash, which caused a great deal of risk to buyers. "

With the Al-ruhani Government took office, Iran and the West over the nuclear issue on a staged deal, the West agreed to lift some sanctions, it also gives Iran iron ore suppliers brings both opportunities and challenges.

China institutes of contemporary international relations, Middle East expert Li Shaoxian, Vice President late last year visited Iran, in his view, China and Iran's cooperation in oil and gas fields has always been faced with a well-known obstacle for a long time, that is, Western Iran sanctions:

Li Shaoxian: Iran is facing United States strong sanctions, like a kind of atmosphere, actually not just China's enterprises, all Iran cooperation enterprises, entire cooperation are subject to huge obstacles. So in this case, the project cannot be successfully by PetroChina, nor according to Iran, made progress. Iran indeed has continued to complain, but I'm late last year visited Iran, as far as I know, in fact, both parties still have a lot of consensus, because the objective conditions of sanctions, PetroChina is impossible to schedule, as planned, because he was exposed to all aspects of, including finance including advance projects with some of the materials and other objective constraints.

Last November, the Geneva agreement was reached over the Iranian nuclear issue, which meant that Iran faces sanctions the situation may have a certain degree of looseness, but, to date, the United States sanctions framework without any substantive change.

Li Shaoxian: this is why, in recent months, Western companies in Europe, including major oil companies or something, concentrated business mission to visit Iran, Iran a five-star hotel was full. But the visitor, very few signed contracts, and why? Because of sanctions has not been radically changed in the framework as a whole. So in this case, Iran had one, of course, in an attempt to ease up the entire background of sanctions cases, hope and he signed a contract, or the countries which have associated with him, to actively promote the items they have signed. I personally think that Iran in General, I'm afraid I still have pressure.

(Original title: Iran canceled and said the Chinese company delayed oil field development contract duration)

　　央广网北京5月5日消息 据中国之声《全球华语广播网》报道，近日，伊朗石油公司宣布中止与中国石油总公司签署的一项总价高达25亿美元的石油开采合同，引起国际舆论的普遍关注。伊朗方面宣布取消与中石油油田开发协议的原因是中方公司拖延工期。中国国际广播电台记者李建国介绍最新情况：

　　2009年9月，中石油与伊朗签约开发南阿扎德干油田的合同，该油气田为世界最大储油区，探明储量高达420亿桶。根据合同，中石油应该每天在伊朗开采60万桶原油，首期工程约定开采185口油田，但是伊方对工程进展的程度不满意，指出中石油在合同签署后动作迟缓，只开采了七口油井。今年2月，伊朗石油部长公开表示中石油不能再继续拖延，伊方还发出了为期90天的最后通牒，敦促中石油加快落实合同约定工期。在看到没有实质性推进后，伊方宣布取消与中石油的油田开发合同。

　　中石油和伊朗石油公司签订的是一种叫回购合同的服务条款，这也是伊朗和外国石油公司签订项目合同的统一格式。包括这次取消合同的项目在内，中国油气在伊朗的工程几乎都是这种合同模式。但在这种模式中，中国企业要先垫付所有的开发成本，在油田产油并且产量达到一定的规模后，伊朗方面会按照比例给中国企业售油分成作为还款和报酬。

　　但在伊朗中国企业是没有权利拥有油田的，并且如果产油量达不到设计要求，或者油价很低，那么就可能完全没有收益。伴随着回购合同，伊朗方面还提出了一种叫做当地化的限制条件，当地化要求外国石油企业必须使用伊朗当地设备材料和服务占50%以上的工作量，但在西方对伊朗制裁的背景下，尽管很多国产的设备可以运到伊朗去，但是一些关键的地方还是需要西方的技术和设备。在内外环境都很严峻的情况下，中国石油公司把项目进行下去，亏本的可能性很大，于是静观其变就变成了一种理性选择，起码不至于投入太多之后血本无归。

　　另外，伊朗的铁矿石进口到中国已经有近十五年的时间，目前伊朗成为了继澳大利亚、巴西、南非之后第四大海外铁矿石进口来源国。中国也成为伊朗最大的铁矿石出口国。但是近来，中伊铁矿石贸易却陷入了困难的境地，凤凰卫视记者李睿从德黑兰发回报道：

　　伊朗铁矿石多为磁铁矿，选出成品矿品位高且价格低廉，近年来陆续受到中国钢厂的青睐，中国进口伊朗铁矿石也在不断增加。2013年达到2243万吨，是2008年的四倍，中国也成为伊朗铁矿石最大出口国。但受到西方金融制裁影响，双方金融结算面临着很多风险。

　　"来这边做铁矿石，银行业务是不可能去开展的，那只能是说采取一些现金的方式，这样就给买家造成了很大的风险。"

　　随着鲁哈尼政府上台，伊朗与西方在核问题上达成阶段性协议，西方同意解除一部分制裁，这也给中伊铁矿石供应商带来了机遇和挑战。

　　中国现代国际关系研究院副院长、中东问题专家李绍先去年年底刚刚访问过伊朗，在他看来，中国和伊朗在油气田方面的合作长期以来其实一直都面临着一个众所周知的障碍，那就是西方对于伊朗的制裁：

　　李绍先：伊朗是面临着美国强大的制裁，这么样一种氛围，实际上不止是中国的企业，所有和伊朗合作的企业，整个合作的情况都受到了巨大的障碍。所以在这种情况下，中石油的项目推进不可能顺利，也不可能按照伊朗方面，或当初达成的进度。所以伊朗实际上一直在不断的抱怨，但是我去年年底曾经访问伊朗，据我了解，实际上双方还是有很多共识的，因为制裁这个客观的条件，中石油不可能按照进度、按照计划，因为他受到方方面面的，包括金融包括推进项目所用的一些材料等客观的制约。

　　去年11月，围绕伊核问题达成了日内瓦协议，这意味着伊朗面临的制裁形势出现了一定程度上的松动，但是，迄今为止，美国的制裁框架没有任何实质上的改变。

　　李绍先：这就是为什么最近几个月来，欧洲的西方的企业，包括大石油的公司什么的，商务团集中去访问伊朗，伊朗五星级宾馆一度爆满。但是访问者多，签署合同非常少，为什么？就是因为整个制裁框架还没有发生根本的改变。所以在这种情况下，伊朗方面当然急了，试图在整个背景制裁有所松动的情况下，希望和他签署合同，或者这些和他有关联的这些国家，能够积极推进他们已经签署的项目。我个人认为，伊朗总体来讲恐怕还是有压力。

(原标题：伊朗取消和中石油油田开发合同 称中方公司拖延工期)

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