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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/5/9 7:42:37 China’s urban competitiveness report issued， Beijing livability rankings up to 33 bits
This morning, the joint financial strategy Research Institute of CASS and the social sciences documentation publishing house 2014 were issued a blue book on urban competitiveness of the Chinese urban competitiveness report. Blue book say 2013 sustainable competitiveness Beijing, ranked 4th in the city in the country, compared with 2012 remains unchanged, in four municipalities, and two special administrative region, second only to Hong Kong and Shanghai.
Beijing Yi Shang city competitiveness ranked 3rd nationwide, from 2012, 1, is one of the best cities in the country. But in terms of livability in 2012, up to 33 bits, but still ranked city in the country is ranked 41st, just the four municipalities, and two special administrative regions in Chongqing.
Experts say that while Beijing in terms of business environment and convenient and economically strong but short on Livable have become the main factors restricting Beijing's sustainable development, if it is not to be addressed as soon as possible, would ultimately jeopardize Beijing's overall development. Improve the ecological environment, and addressing social problems such as traffic congestion, high house prices has been a priority for Beijing.
Sustainable development into the throes of transition period
2013 comprehensive economic competitiveness index ranking among the top ten cities in order: Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Taipei, Beijing, Suzhou, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Foshan and Macao. Among them, HK and Taiwan accounted for three seats, southeastern coastal mainland cities accounted for five seats, circum-Bohai Sea region two seats, while the Central and Western regions do not have a comprehensive economic competitiveness of cities in the top ten.
The blue book also said 2013 was ranked top ten livable cities are: Hong Kong, Haikou, Sanya, Xiamen, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Zhoushan, Wuxi, Hangzhou and Shanghai. Overall, the eastern coastal cities, especially those in the seaside city's livable cities higher competitiveness index, National Center for five major cities only Shanghai ranked in top ten livable city competitiveness.
2013, China's urbanization level has reached 53.7%, has crossed the tipping point from quantity to quality in the traditional sense (the urbanization rate, 50%).
Past with economic development as the central goal, centered on export-oriented industrialization drive, led by the local government, with the land as the main content, with expansion for heavy investment in development, physical capital-driven elements of urbanization mode was unsustainable. Reform of urban sustainable development is in the throes of transition.
High urban prices high income
Blue book says, the current high prices highlight the constraints of the city livable, China's home prices continue rising throughout the year, average prices for new homes in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen have exceeded 30,000 yuan, the "your town" can't afford to live, "" ghost town "no problem of housing has become a livable city construction conundrum.
Meanwhile, the high prices of the city generally its income is relatively high.
In other words, home prices on the livable city construction constraints with emphasis on house price to income ratio, the question was not high or low, but whether to have corresponding income and ability to pay.
Qingdao Institute of administrative management lecturer, Li Guangquan pointed out in the text, index and domestic house price to income ratio of livable cities competitiveness ranking comparison, renders a strong positive correlation between the two, house price to income ratio is the rationality of the city livable level of important causes.
According to the rankings, house price to income ratio of the top five most competitive, guyuan, Sanya, Shenzhen, Wenzhou, and Beijing. Hong Kong ranked sixth, Shanghai ranked tenth.
Haze into urban landmark challenge
Blue book analysis suggested that the haze problem current has become iconic of the city challenge, and the levels are increased, the scope was expanded.
The World Health Organization's international agency for research on cancer, air pollution for the first time as a "first class a carcinogen", tobacco, asbestos, arsenic and carcinogens such as siblings. Studies have shown that China, India and other Asian countries, air pollution is the most serious.
2013 haze has spread to more than 25 provinces, more than 100 large and medium cities, average national haze reached 29.9 days for the year, a 52-year record. "Ten haze v" when cracked into a livable city faces important challenges.
Beijing placement
Beijing: the comprehensive economic competitiveness ranked 6th
Blue book said that 2013 Beijing comprehensive economic competitiveness is ranked 6th in the cities throughout the country, four municipalities, and two special administrative regions, ranking second to Hong Kong and Shanghai, but better than Tianjin, Macao and Chongqing.
Among them, the integrated incremental competitiveness index reached 0.869, ranked 2nd in the city in the country, second only to Shanghai, better than other municipalities, and Hong Kong and Macao; 0.051 integrated efficiency index, ranked 17th in the National City, located in Hong Kong, Macao and Shanghai, Tianjin, but better than, much more than the Chongqing.
From 2012, the city's comprehensive competitiveness efficiency is raised by 1-digit showing in 2013, Beijing's relative development efficiency has improved.
Overall, Beijing, both in terms of economy, increase of competitiveness and efficiency are top ranked cities, in particular the integrated incremental competitiveness ranks 2nd in, showing that Beijing has huge economies of scale and relatively high rates of economic growth, competitiveness and overall efficiency is further enhanced by the main bottlenecks.
National indicators of competitiveness rankings (top ten)
Yi home city: Zhuhai, and Hong Kong, and Haikou, and Sanya, and Xiamen, and Shenzhen, and Zhoushan, and Wuxi, and Hangzhou and Shanghai sustainable development: Hong Kong, and Shanghai, and Shenzhen, and Beijing, and Macau, and Guangzhou, and Hangzhou, and Xiamen, and Qingdao, and Nanjing Yi commercial city: Hong Kong, and Shanghai, and Beijing, and Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, and Wuhan, and Chengdu, and Tianjin, and Nanjing and Chongqing knowledge City: Beijing, and Shanghai, and Nanjing, and Hong Kong, and Hangzhou, and Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, and Wuhan, and Tianjin, and Dalian prices income than: guyuan, and Sanya, and Shenzhen, and Wenzhou, and Beijing, and Hong Kong, and Zhuhai , Shanghai, Xiamen, Hangzhou harmonious cities: Hong Kong, Macau, Shenzhen, Dalian, Ningbo, Xiamen, Qingdao, Beijing, Changsha, Shenyang
Sustainable competitive advantage
Blue book say 2013 sustainable competitiveness Beijing, ranked 4th in the city in the country, compared with 2012 remains unchanged, underscoring Beijing continues to maintain a very strong capacity for sustainable development, in four municipalities, and two special administrative region, second only to Hong Kong and Shanghai, slightly better than Macau, far better than Tianjin, and Chongqing.
Among them, knowledge, harmony, cultural and information events, in Beijing to continue to maintain the competitive advantage of, 2013 Beijing 1th place continue to maintain the national knowledge competitiveness ranking, in the peak of the occupied city in the country with technology and education.
Livable competitive national 41 place
Livable city competitiveness by the quality of the population, social environment, living environment and the ecological environment, municipal facilities five aspects of composition.
It was revealed, livable urban competitiveness index for Beijing, 2013 0.636, ranked 41st in the National City in 2012, up to 33, is one of the most livable cities in the country, but in four municipalities, and two special administrative region, Beijing habitability is only good for in the city of Chongqing, is less than the other four cities.
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of social sciences PhD in finance graduate Yang Jie noted that, despite the high prices, severe air pollution, traffic jams and other factors on habitability in Beijing poses a tough challenge.
Overall see, due to resources of height rich set, Beijing remains China most Yi home of city one, its Yi home sexual main reflected in has high quality of residents, and perfect of medical health service, and rich of education resources, and developed of commercial and the good of public based facilities, aspects, as on air pollution, and traffic jam, problem of governance made effectiveness, Beijing city of Yi home city competitiveness is expected to further fast upgrade.
Harmony competitiveness Beijing, 8th
2013 harmony of Beijing city competitiveness ranked 8th in the National City in 2012, up to 4, is one of the most harmonious cities, Hong Kong is the most harmonious city.
Beijing has a relatively sound social services administration system and a more robust mechanism for resolving social contradictions, the institutionalization of social life and a higher level of the rule of law, higher social engagement of the public, the interests of the masses are highly valued, higher levels of social protection, such as participation rate reached 98.1% new rural medical care, increasing migrant population making it inclusive and sustained improvement.
While has been restricting the sustainable development of Beijing's ecological situation, competitiveness has increased substantially, in 2012 from 119th to the 92nd, remains incompatible with their position of the sustainable competitiveness of the 4th, bodes well for some time in the future, improvement of the ecological environment will remain the main challenges faced in the development of Beijing.
Treating blocked Beijing, social problems, high house prices is a matter of urgency
Yang Jie said that sustainable competitiveness by itself, competitiveness remains Beijing's eco-city short Board, combined with social factors, such as high housing prices, traffic congestion, making livable urban competitive power in Beijing is only ranked 41st, but at the same time competitive business city was ranked 3rd in Beijing.
In four municipalities, and two special administrative region in Beijing city competitiveness in General, live in an upper-middle level, next to Hong Kong and Shanghai, but better than Tianjin, Chongqing and Macao, which have obvious advantages in knowledge city competitiveness, in terms of competitive capability of livable city and eco-city is 2nd from the bottom in the six cities, relatively poorly.
/Journalist/Jia Liping Wang TINGTING intern drawing Liao Yuan
今天上午，中国社会科学院财经战略研究院和社会科学文献出版社联合发布了2014城市竞争力蓝皮书《中国城市竞争力报告》。蓝皮书称，北京市2013年可持续竞争力在全国城市中排名第4位，与2012年相比保持不变，在四个直辖市和两个特别行政区中，仅次于香港和上海。
北京市宜商城市竞争力全国排名第3位，比2012年下降了1位，是全国最宜商城市之一。但是在宜居方面，比2012年提升了33位，但总排名仍在全国城市中排名第41位，在四个直辖市及两个特别行政区中仅好于重庆。
专家指出，虽然北京市在宜商方面环境优越，且经济发展强劲，但宜居方面的短板已成为制约北京市可持续发展的主要因素，如不尽快加以解决，最终必将危及北京市的整体发展。因此改善生态环境，解决交通拥堵、房价高企等社会问题已成为北京市的当务之急。
可持续发展进入转型阵痛期
2013年综合经济竞争力指数排名前十的城市依次是：香港、深圳、上海、台北、广州、北京、苏州、天津、佛山、澳门。其中，港澳台地区占三席，东南沿海的内地城市占五席，环渤海地区占两席，而广大中西部地区没有一个城市进入综合经济竞争力十强。
蓝皮书同时称，2013年位列宜居城市十强的分别是：珠海、香港、海口、三亚、厦门、深圳、舟山、无锡、杭州和上海。总体来看，东部沿海城市特别是海滨城市的宜居城市竞争力指数较高，国家五大中心城市中仅有上海位居宜居城市竞争力十强。
2013年中国城市化水平已达到53.7%，已经跨越了传统意义上的由量变到质变的临界点(城市化率为50%)。
过去以经济发展为中心目标、以外向型工业化为中心动力、以地方政府为主导、以土地为主要内容、以规模扩张为发展方式、以物质资本大量投入为驱动要素的城镇化模式已不可持续。城市的可持续发展正处于改革转型的阵痛期。
大城市房价高收入也高
蓝皮书称，目前高房价成为城市宜居的突出制约因素，中国百城房价持续整年上涨，北京、上海和深圳新建住宅均价已超过3万元人民币，“贵城”住不起、“鬼城”无人住的问题已经成为宜居城市建设的一道难题。
与此同时，高房价的城市一般情况下其居民收入也相对较高。
换言之，房价对宜居城市建设的制约重点在于房价收入比，问题不是高与低，而是是否具有相应的收入和支付能力。
青岛行政学院管理学部讲师李光全在文中指出，从房价收入比指数排名和国内宜居城市竞争力排名的比较看，两者之间呈现较强的正相关，房价收入比的合理性是城市宜居水平高低的重要致因。
根据排名，房价收入比最具竞争力前五名的有，固原、三亚、深圳、温州和北京。香港排名第六，上海排名第十。
雾霾成城市标志性难题
蓝皮书分析指出，雾霾问题当前已经成为我国一些城市的标志性难题，而且程度正在加重、范围正在扩大。
世界卫生组织下属的国际癌症研究机构，首度将空气污染列为“第一类致癌物”，与烟草、石棉、砒霜等致癌物同级。研究表明，中国、印度等亚洲国家的空气污染最为严重。
2013年雾霾已经波及25个省份、100多个大中型城市，全年全国平均雾霾天数达29.9天，创52年来之最。“十面霾伏”何时破解成为宜居城市建设面临的重要挑战。
北京落点
北京：综合经济竞争力排第6
蓝皮书指出，2013年北京市综合经济竞争力在全国城市中排名第6位，在四个直辖市和两个特别行政区中，排名次于香港和上海，但好于天津、澳门和重庆。
其中，综合增量竞争力指数达到0.869，在全国城市中排名位居第2，仅次于上海，好于其他直辖市及香港和澳门；综合效率竞争力指数为0.051，在全国城市中排名第17位，位于香港、澳门和上海之后，但好于天津，更远远高于重庆。
与2012年相比，北京市的综合效率竞争力则提升了1位，显示出在2013年，北京市的相对发展效率有所提升。
总体来看，北京市不论是在经济、增量及效率竞争力方面都位居全国城市前列，尤其是综合增量竞争力位居全国第2位，显示出北京拥有巨大的经济规模和相对较高的经济增长速度，而综合效率竞争力则成为进一步提升的主要瓶颈。
全国城市竞争力部分指标排行榜(前十)
宜居城市：珠海、香港、海口、三亚、厦门、深圳、舟山、无锡、杭州和上海可持续发展：香港、上海、深圳、北京、澳门、广州、杭州、厦门、青岛、南京宜商城市：香港、上海、北京、深圳、广州、武汉、成都、天津、南京和重庆知识城市：北京、上海、南京、香港、杭州、广州、深圳、武汉、天津、大连房价收入比：固原、三亚、深圳、温州、北京、香港、珠海、厦门、杭州、上海和谐城市：香港、澳门、厦门、深圳、大连、宁波、青岛、北京、长沙、沈阳
可持续竞争力保持优势
蓝皮书称，北京市2013年可持续竞争力在全国城市中排名第4位，与2012年相比保持不变，凸显北京市继续保持了非常强的可持续发展能力，在四个直辖市和两个特别行政区中，仅次于香港和上海，稍好于澳门，远好于天津和重庆。
其中，在知识、和谐、文化及信息这些优势项目方面，北京市的竞争力优势得以继续保持，北京市2013年知识竞争力继续保持全国排名第1的位置，在全国城市中占据着科技与教育的最高峰。
宜居竞争力全国排41位
宜居城市竞争力由人口素质、社会环境、生态环境、居住环境和市政设施五个方面构成。
据显示，2013年北京市宜居城市竞争力指数为0.636，在全国城市中排名第41位，比2012年提升了33位，是全国最宜居的城市之一，但在四个直辖市及两个特别行政区中，北京市的宜居性仅好于重庆，而不及其他四个城市。
中国社科院研究生院金融学博士研究生杨杰指出，尽管高企的房价、严重的空气污染、交通堵塞等因素都对北京的宜居性提出了严峻的挑战。
总体来看，由于资源的高度富集，北京仍是中国最宜居的城市之一，其宜居性主要体现在拥有高素质的居民、完善的医疗卫生服务、丰富的教育资源、发达的商业及良好的公共基础设施等方面，如对空气污染、交通堵塞等问题的治理取得成效，北京市的宜居城市竞争力有望进一步快速提升。
和谐竞争力北京排第8
北京市2013年和谐城市竞争力在全国城市中排名第8位，比2012年提升了4位，是全国最和谐的城市之一，最和谐的城市是香港。
北京拥有较完善的社会服务管理体系和较为健全的社会矛盾化解机制，社会生活中的制度化和法治化水平较高，公众的社会参与度较高，群众的利益受到高度重视，社会保障程度较高，如新型农村医疗参与率达到98.1%，不断增加的外来人口使得其包容性持续提高。
同时在一直以来制约北京市可持续发展的生态状况方面，竞争力有大幅提升，从2012年的第119位提升到了第92位，但仍然与其可持续竞争力第4位的位置极不相符，预示着未来一段时间，生态环境的改善仍将是北京市在发展中所面临的主要挑战。
治堵、高房价是北京社会问题当务之急
杨杰称，就可持续竞争力本身而言，生态城市竞争力仍是北京的短板，再加上房价高企、交通拥堵等社会因素，使得北京市的宜居城市竞争力也仅位列第41位，但同时北京市的宜商城市竞争力却位列第3位。
在四个直辖市与两个特别行政区中，北京市的城市竞争力总体上居于中上水平，次于香港和上海，但好于天津、澳门与重庆，其中在知识城市竞争力方面优势明显，而在宜居城市竞争力及生态城市竞争力方面均在六个城市中排名倒数第2，相对较差。
文/记者王婷婷实习生贾立平制图/廖元
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