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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/5/27 9:19:35 Pursuit agent in red： martyrs of sacrifice after the 60 yet to be approved
Pizhou, Jinghua times, Wang Mei from XI an
846 names engraved on the wall. "Hou liberal arts" in three words were drowned in a sea of names.
In 1949, including then-Kuomintang Department of Defense officers over more than 1500 red spies in mainland China, Vice Minister Wu Shi went to Taiwan, this group after sacrificing thousands, Marquis is one of Arts and Sciences. Over a long period of years, most of these people didn't even stay and the name.
Until late 2013, Western hills of Beijing built Memorial of the unknown soldier, 846 sacrifices that year in Taiwan of martyrs have fallen prey to be inscribed on the Memorial Wall. This is officially the first public commemoration of the 1950 's as a Memorial in Taiwan the Communist underground workers killed.
After more than 60 years, the family learned that Hou Wenli's death will be one application materials are submitted to the relevant departments of the martyrs, but Hou martyr identities have not yet been granted the official approval of the arts and Sciences.
Inscription on the Memorial, as Hou do a footnote in the life of Arts and Science: Don't Kiss ions in water and fire, foe seeks common ground. Wind water Xiao Han, straying cream shoe of blood, or success, or failure, or prisoners, or Hui, people do not know, and even unknown after the meteorite.
Find name
Until the end of 2013, the Beijing Xishan Memorial on the wall of the Memorial of the unknown soldier square, when Hou Yuanyuan's younger brother eventually found grandfather, Marquis of Arts and Sciences names, Hou Yuanyuan had bought "forces carved his name, admitted his sacrifice for our country."
In December 2013, media reports "in Xishan mountain of Beijing list of heroes of the Memorial of the unknown soldier" and found Grandpa Hou Hou Yuanyuan arts and Sciences names. "Grandpa's name was found. "Brother Hou Yuanyuan and charged in Beijing.
At the time, Beijing Xishan forest park, PLA General Department for the 50 's of the last century in Taiwan hidden fronts the unsung heroes of sacrifice with the construction of a Memorial, and 846 on the hero's name.
"Grandpa Marquis 50 of Arts and Sciences in Taiwan by the Kuomintang killed more than half a century no one knew, was finally able to tell the world. "Hou Yuanyuan immediately called father Hou Xiyong Hou Xixian and XI ' an uncle of pizhou in Jiangsu.
On that day, Hou arts and grandchildren living in pizhou and Xian is hopeful: Hou's martyr status of Arts and Sciences got right away.
Hou liberal arts in order to apply for the martyrs, the family has run for two years. Marquis of Arts and Sciences exact death they learned three years ago.
January 23, 2011, the global Times newspaper published the whole story of the search for remains of Chinese Communist agents for cross-strait peace kind of good article, released the Communist underground and main bone tank-free agent roster, numbering, 124th Hou Wen, urn number 296. At that time, Hou Yuanyuan just
Human grandfather, the Marquis in the list of Arts and Sciences.
On May 4, the global times has once again announced the Taiwan suspect lists of political prisoners during the period of martial law, when arts and Sciences among: "name: Marquis of Arts and science, photo number: 296, origin: Jiangsu Xiao County (now in xiaoxian County, Anhui Province), the execution time: July 8, 1958, urn location: 2, 1/f, row 3, 6th floor".
Hou Yuanyuan immediately contacted reporters Xue Xiaole contributed reporting, and got the "Taiwan Association of regional political events during the period of martial law," Secretary General Li Kunlong mailboxes.
Li Kunlong memories, when Hou Yuanyuan in touch with him, he did not doubt, Marquis of Arts and Sciences merits is its ever more exotic and complex, he was very impressed.
Letters to and from, Hou Yuanyuan every time a letter from Li Kunlong felt between the lines moving and sincere, "she is earning my tears up families, very few victims of three generations, prey have such strong feelings for grandparents".
Li Kunlong decided to offer help, finally confirmed when placed in the arts and Sciences remains liuzhangli na skeletal Tower. Li Kunlong will find the materials handed over to Hou Yuanyuan. These include two judgments, when execution of Arts and science, KMT urn photos photos and waiting before liberal arts.
After receiving materials of Li Kunlong, Hou Yuanyuan has not opened immediately, "although I've never seen Grandpa, but is afraid to face at that moment." Accompanied by a colleague, Hou Yuanyuan to open folders, Hou was executed before and after photos of Arts and Sciences, 50 years old, she lay crying on a desk.
Shen Lie
Get Li Kunlong provides material, consult Hou Yuanyuan and uncle Hou Xiyong, lived at Hou Xiyong Hou Xian arts and materials sent to the Civil Affairs Bureau in XI ' an, apply ratifies a martyr. "That's where Grandpa for the longest time, Grandma's military archives in XI ' an. ”
The end of 2012, send Hou Yuanyuan, Hou Xiyong material printed 18, I gave it to him in XI ' an city of residence community South golden road, one to the XI ' an city, Dongguan South Street, "Street Office said material no problem, has been handed over to the District Civil Affairs Bureau".
Zhihou, Hou Xiyong repeatedly Xian Beilin District Civil Affairs Bureau asked to file a schedule, and several times to the District Civil Affairs Bureau to submit his father forces certificate of proof of the parent-child relationship, police stations, proof of the father's colleagues and other materials. From home to District Civil Affairs Bureau away bike half hours this year, 65 years old, Hou Xiyong round trip at least 30 times.
By the end of 2012, Hou Xiyong was told, because the information came from the civil, not derived from the army; Hou liberal arts and general staff officers, Civil Affairs Bureau for waiting cannot be applied for martyr status of Arts and Sciences, "District Civil Affairs Bureau staff that materials have been handed over to the city, but the city replied that provincial and municipal level is not enough for us to go through."
Xian road impassable Hou Jia Hou arts materials back to hometown in xiaoxian County, Anhui province should be able to work.
The summer of 2013, Hou Yuanyuan and brother drove to the material in xiaoxian County, xiaoxian of United Front work Department, Taiwan Affairs Office Director Wang Jing, Deputy Minister had received them. Zhihou, Wang Jing had to call Hou Yuanyuan request Hou Wenli issued unit certificates, Hou Yuanyuan communications, Hou of Arts and science is located in an army post prove to xiaoxian related departments.
The winter of 2013, Western hills of Beijing after the completion of the square of the unknown soldier, Hou Hou Yuanyuan square again lists materials to xiaoxian of Arts and Sciences. Material has been paid in full, title of Marquis Arts martyrs but nothing came of it.
"Always have a conclusion, we live should not, father of the reunification of the motherland, fighting for what they believe sacrifices, the State should not give him a statement. Ratify him as a revolutionary martyr, please? "Hou Xiyong, only received national recognition, a soldier's soul can be comforting.
Hou family this way, looking for materials, gather for the candidates to declare martyrs of Arts and Sciences in the process, became more intense.
Away from home
Until the liberation, the family realized that Hou is the Communist Party underground of Arts and Sciences, knew he was in the Kuomintang army, called "Hou Canzhang".
In June 1935, the 19 year old Hou xiaoxian people of Arts and Sciences of Jiangsu province to join the army. Hou of Arts and science in less than 6 months after, in the town of old Zhao long xinzhuangcun, Hou Xixian his first child was born.
Hou Xixian does not know what the father of the infant. Until 1945, when sent back a photograph of Arts and Sciences. This one is about 30 cm long, 20 cm wide half-length photo in black and white, Hou of Arts and Sciences "in uniform looks handsome."
Received the photo in that year, Marquis of Arts and science's first wife, Hou Xixian mother Cao died.
The next year, Hou of Arts and science from the expeditionary force returning battlefield, Hou Xixian 11 years old the first time I saw my father and stepmother Zhang Lifan in their hometowns, and two younger sisters and his father Hou Xikun.
Zhihou, Marquis of Arts with his wife and four children returned to their units located in XI ' an. In 1946 and 1947, Hou Xixian Hou Xihui three sister and four younger brother Hou Xiyong was born in Xian in succession.
Troops as the war shifted, when arts and science who has also been on the move. In 1947, after his return from Xian, Hou's traveled to Shanghai, Jinhua and Hangzhou, Nanjing, Xuzhou and other places.
Continental liberation, several of the eight route army arrived home, Zhang Lifan thought the eight route army came to arrest Hou Wen, "scared shitless".
Subsequently, Hou calm of Arts and Sciences invited several of the eight route army, Emperor that only revealed their true identity, "do not worry, this is our own comrades."
Went out with several of the eight route army, shortly after the Marquis arts and Sciences came back a Kuomintang officer clothing has been replaced by the eight route army uniforms. "Father returned, mother opened weekdays she attended banquets dressing box, bottom has a mezzanine, the father said, usually with mother's dressing to send information. "Hou Xikun impressed after listening to father, mother scared and sat down on the ground.
The family later learned, in more than 10 years, Hou of Arts and Sciences in the Kuomintang army, turned out to be the Communist underground. In the Kuomintang army, he has another name, named Hou Canzhang.
Alias
Men, Cao Yi know Hou Canzhang in the Kuomintang army.
Daughter of Cao Yi Cao Jingdian introduced, in 1937, Cao Yi orders from Zhu de, as the CCP sent underground into the Kuomintang returned to white areas. Hou arts and science at the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee Secretary Xu Bin assignment, as a single contact person, Cao Yi.
After returning to the KMT, and steam six head of mission major general Cao Yi Zi for the Kuomintang. Arts and Sciences renamed Hou Hou Canzhang, serving under Cao Yi, was trained in Zi heavily armed school officer in the Kuomintang Army team four times.
Established for the eight route army mechanized transport personnel, supplies, is two Zi steam six activities during the mandate of the mission. Two KMT car troops had been used, multiple deliveries to Yanan youth revolutionary progress, pick up on the military road leading to and from northern Shaanxi Yanan.
From 1937 to 1948, arts and Sciences and the China Expeditionary Force with the Cao Yi hou to mianchi hechi and Guilin, Guiyang, fight, in the course of the expedition to India, Burma, after defeated the Japanese, Luoyang, Zhengzhou, Kunming, Guiyang, imagine how.
After he left Zi steam six missions, Hou arts of Tang enbo, longyou, Zhejiang's second Corps 203 undercover guards battalion commander Lieutenant Colonel of the architects. In April 1949, driving the Liberal Arts, along with Cao Yi hou Jinhua Chiang 203 troops revolt, and mechanized equipment delivered to the PLA second wild.
Zhihou, Cao Yi, General and liberal arts both Hou to Nanjing two wild. Enemy blood hasty arrangements Yuan Hou, Minister of Arts and Sciences into the Southwest lie dormant, disintegrate enemy mechanized units. Because spies a tip-off, Hou spy arrests of Arts and Sciences. Was tortured during his arrest, "Hou arts and Sciences did not disclose his or her identity and our army's secrets of our party." Get no substance, Hou finally disposed of Arts and Sciences.
In 1949, the PLA on the Mainland while winning the battlefield, battle of Zhoushan, the island is extremely difficult, even defeat. This year, there have been 1500 "red agents" were sent to the battle, they are posing as businessmen, refugees, hawkers, the debacle, mixed with the army of millions moved to Taiwan.
Marquis is one of Arts and Sciences. That winter, he received the people's Liberation Army second wild enemy blood stroke instruction Minister Yuan, Kuomintang troops evacuate to Taiwan.
Farewell
Just before the Spring Festival in 1949, went to the front in the Marquis back in xiaoxian County of Arts and science home, eldest son Hou Xixian.
"The other day, my father and I went to sleep one night, resting on a pillow", on his father's arm around the time Hou Xixian to primary six years and told he needed to perform tasks outside, may take two or three years time, "father let me listened to Grandma and Grandpa, uncle, at home, to study".
Hou Xixian can't always remember that night, his father seems to have a problem. Father and son talked late into the night, full moon outside my window, yard came out shining.
Hou Xixian 14 years old did not know, the last time it was seen his father.
A day later, in Xuzhou railway station, Zhang Lifan 29 years old with three kids husband Hou Wenli on a train. Before boarding, Marquis of Arts and Sciences has three siblings, respectively, to his wife, he left six words--first, back home.
Shortly thereafter, Hou Xixian had received only a letter his father wrote to him. Liberal Arts in addition to tell Hou Hou Xixian take care of younger siblings, and a good example in addition to Hou liberal arts education to study hard for national sacrifice.
Letters, Hou Xixian are asked to exercise lower case, write a diary every day. Hou Xixian carefully follow the father's request, until college graduation. The quiet oldest son missed his father in such a manner.
Days after her father left, Hou Xixian a four-page letter with me. After several changes, Hou Xixian, once thought a letter missing. Until the autumn of 1955, Hou Xixian took up a junior high school physics text book, from which the letter drop.
Inscribe in this letter is dated September 30, 1949, Hou put pen to write on the second day of Arts and science in faraway Beijing, a new Republic was founded.
Hard to keep
Hou after less than six months of Arts and Sciences, Zhang Lifan had received the Marquis letters of Arts and Sciences, Zhang Li going to Hong Kong. At that time three children are still young, "and paid out money", Zhang Lifan missed last met with her husband.
Zhihou, Zhang Lifan from Xuzhou with three children back to Sian. Due to family changes, original gold dissipated, Zhang Lifan had a hard times with her three children.
From small family earns Zhang Lifan has to go to work as caregivers, support the three siblings and mother. In order to be able to cook to keep warm, Hou Xikun was 6 years old and a grandmother to many outside the compound, found no burn coal, bring it home and kept it. The harvest season, Hou Xikun and other children to the fields to pick up wheat, supplementary food at home.
In 1958, Zhang Lifan was dismissed for duodenal ulcer with serious family has no financial sources, Hou Xikun didn't finish high school at home.
The House the most difficult time, the younger son of Hou Xiyong greatest aspiration is to eat the last clip film. Grandma bun Hou Xiyong to clamp down the street, pointed to the bun on the booths, "I thought she was going to buy me, never thought she pointed out to me, pulling me away, saying, eat the. ”
Buy clip 5 cents to shut it out of the bun, was 9 years old, Hou Xiyong missing fathers.
Around 1953, Hou Wenli Zhang Lifan found the troops know Hou arts and Sciences Taiwan mission. However, such "organizational secrets", family and no external people.
For decades, Hou Xiyong community spread of rumblings in the yard of the home, said Hou Jia's father to have some people on the outside, not to his wife and kids. Zhang Lifan have been silent, not justified. Back home, Zhang Lifan would have told three children, fathers will never rise in Taiwan to start a family, "said even if the father has become a task needs, organizational arrangements, can't hate father. ”
Family get "lifted", also made three daughter Hou Xihui twists when assigning work, let the eldest Hou Xixian in the cultural revolution, was held for three years in a dark room.
Day of February, two Dragons looked up, is arts and Sciences birthday Hou, whenever that day, the family during festive seasons, Hou Xixian in pizhou sitting in a corner of your desk, silently drinking tears.
Xian Zhang Lifan life-long favorite movie is the everlasting radio wave. Family members say, Xian City, no matter which movie theaters in this film, Zhang Lifan tickets well in advance, a man sat and read.
"Every time she cries, and then tell us, ' your father is doing the job. "In less than two years old when his father left Hou Xiyong, the father is not impressed, but each saw his mother sobbed while watching movies back, Hou Xiyong feel distressed. "It's not about" Hou's was asked several times up and down in an army, the response I got was: the Organization did not know Hou of Arts and Sciences.
"I have lived for so long that anyone has seen, is never seen your father and does not know what he looks like now. "When he had said these words, Zhang Lifan closed his eyes forever. In 2005, Zhang Lifan are over 56 years the oldest, last minute of his life until the age of 85, she still did not know her husband was alive or dead.
"Only 6 years, Grandma can find Grandpa's message. "Hou Hou Haibo said the son of liberal arts, South of the city of XI ' an pagoda near the Wu Chia, there is a hole on the dilapidated cave dwellings called the" ancient Han kiln ", according to legend, when Wang Pao-keep cold kiln for 18 years, returned her hubby while waiting for Kooping to your story is what happened here.
In the eyes of Hou Haibo, Granny Zhang Li Wang Pao-worse, Wang Pao a life being, and so on to Kooping you in the end, "my grandmother? Until the day don't know if Grandpa had already gone. ”
Reply
Zhang Lifan ever do may, she did not expect the Marquis of Arts and Sciences have been killed as early as 1958.
In 1952, the Marquis mixed with secret intelligence gathering of Arts and Sciences. Was found after reported arrest, since 1954, after 4 years of trial, on July 8, 1958, the arts and Sciences eventually Hou by the Kuomintang on guilty of rebellion charges punishable by death, at the age of 42.
In the last minute of his life, Hou also failed to elicit their underground identity of Arts and Sciences. "It isn't revolutionary martyrs, isn't it? Name engraved on a memorial wall, not martyrs do? Why don't we go this way, is it so hard? "Hou family puzzle.
On May 14 this year, Xian Beilin District Civil Affairs Bureau General Hospital said one staff reply to this, Hou Xiyong submissions have the impression, the material is not returning the District Civil Affairs Bureau, but by the municipal Civil Affairs Bureau direct return to the hands of Hou Xiyong himself.
"He was concerned, no acceptance in the provinces, requires Ministry approval, needed by his chief staff officer to submit an application. "The staff member said, the County had no right to declare, but the District Civil Affairs Bureau Hou Xiyong applications have been reported to the Bureau of Civil Affairs," from our point of view he was eligible, but Taiwan-related ministries is needed to comment on strong. ”
Xian municipal Civil Affairs Bureau Chief of the special care and placement effects said that Marquis Arts Bureau of civil affairs have not met before, so need to be reported to the provincial Department of Civil Affairs, and then see what to do with. Ms Xin said the municipal Civil Affairs Bureau has not received any information Hou Xiyong, "District Civil Affairs Bureau is the policy behind only oral report on the situation, the city did not see material. ”
Ms Xin said the city needed Hou Xiyong informed, then follow the procedures audit information, "this is something that we will follow the provincial Office, handling, if within our purview, martyrs found that was no problem. ”
On May 15, Hou Xiyong as recommended by the symplectic Lady, Hou Shen Lie material once again handed over to the street of Arts and Sciences.
The righteous
Help Hou Yuanyuan who find ashes Hou Wenli Li Kunlong, Taiwan victims of this political event.
Li Kunlong is the Taiwan Yunlin people killed when its parent in 1952 by the Kuomintang authorities, he was only 4 months old. Since 2005, another proposal of the victims later Guo Suzhen, know the pain of losing loved ones start Li Kunlong duties collected archive of political victims. In order to make these beliefs and ideals of young people lost their lives that year survived the spirit to return home, he did a lot of collection, currently has put together more than 1300 case file.
On July 21, 2010, the arts and wooden URN, urn, Hou n bone finishing operations are found in the tower.
In recent years, in addition to Hou, Li Kunlong also has been helping mainland family members of other victims in Taiwan, so far, he has helped 11 families of the victims in Taiwan find the ashes.
Family members of the victims, was impressed by Li Kunlong is Liu Guangdian family. Liu's three siblings with a spoon, one a small velvet bag, scoop a portion of everyone's URN, ashes, bringing fathers back to Beijing, "look like tears."
Li Kunlong impression, with the help of 11 found martyr of ashes in mainland, only Li Peng, Wang Sheng, Zhou Yisu, Liu Guangdian and Yin Qihui 5 were Mainland relevant departments as a martyr.
"Sending staff lost contact, there are two possibilities, one is defected, at the expense of the second. Communications cut off, two possibilities could not be confirmed, political identity could not be determined. "At this point, shooting pictures and performing public instruments (judgment) is the most direct evidence of such information, but not everyone has. The biggest obstacle to this application for martyr.
Sacrifice Taiwan's underground is more difficult to gain martyr status. Li Kunlong Taiwanese victims held by underground workers, Zhang Zhizhong was the only one who was named as martyrs of the Communist Party. Then cut off communications across the Taiwan Strait, Taiwan's underground party too late to return lists of party members to the Mainland, finds it difficult to find a basis.
Li Kunlong said that current Association found the victims in the Mainland, only a handful of ashes were found back to the families. It also means that, most of these people do not have access to martyr status.
In this regard, Hou Xiyong who think they're the lucky ones, although Shen Lie data collected difficult, but eventually found. "Father in the Mainland's work, we don't know, to Taiwan once the work is less clear. "Hou Xiyong says they were lucky to get father his comrades and Li Kunlong's help," old on confidentiality requirements, sealing their wives and children, many people probably don't know their parents in Taiwan died, not to mention the ashes back, ratifies a martyr for them. ”
Li Kunlong believes that "white terror" period due to political problems arising from the case, it is necessary to the preservation of information, to clarify, to serve as a history of warnings.
Today, Li Kunlong contact persons were executed by the second generation, "this hatred in my heart" mentality, the same beliefs, "60 years ago, bitter brew a Cup, drink of the Kuomintang, 60 years after a glass of wine, and we still want to drink of the KMT. ”
Since about 1994, Taiwan's political victims fall of societies and associations organising Festival activities, located at Racecourse-Cho shot to death row of that year.
Li Kunlong recalled that initial number of annual tribute, the families of the victims gathered at the memorial service, when the largest number of about 500lai people.
But over the past two years, decreasing in the number of participating in the Autumn Festival, "when victims gradually on the wane, martyr, second generation and third generation are not willing to participate in, and fewer people remember history. ”
(Original title: ratifies a tour agent in red martyrs)
京华时报记者王梅发自邳州西安
846个名字镌刻在石壁上。“侯文理”三个字被淹没在名字的海洋中。
1949年，包括时任国民党国防部参谋次长吴石在内的1500多名中国大陆红色特工远赴台湾，之后这个群体牺牲过千，侯文理便是其中之一。在过去很长一段岁月里，这些人中的大部分连名字都没留下来。
直至2013年末北京西山无名英雄纪念广场建成，846个当年牺牲于台湾的烈士英名被刻在纪念墙上。这是官方第一次以纪念广场的形式公开纪念1950年代在台湾牺牲的中共地下工作者。
时隔60多年，家属得知侯文理的死讯后，将一份申请烈士的材料递交相关部门，但至今侯文理的烈士身份仍未获得官方审批。
纪念广场上一段碑文为侯文理们的人生做了注脚：别亲离子而赴水火，易面事敌而求大同。风萧水寒，旌霜履血，或成或败，或囚或殁，人不知之，乃至陨后无名。
寻名
直到2013年末，北京西山无名英雄纪念广场的纪念墙上，当侯媛媛的弟弟最终找到了爷爷侯文理的名字时，侯媛媛才完全相信了“部队刻上了他的名字，承认了他为国牺牲”。
2013年12月，在媒体报道的“北京西山无名英雄纪念广场的英雄名单”中，侯媛媛发现了爷爷侯文理的名字。“去把爷爷的名字找到。”侯媛媛嘱咐在北京工作的弟弟。
彼时，北京西山森林公园，解放军总政治部联络部为上世纪50年代在台湾隐蔽战线工作牺牲的无名英雄，建设了一座纪念广场，并刻上了846个英雄的名字。
“爷爷侯文理50年代在台湾被国民党杀害，半个多世纪没人知道，如今终于能告知天下了。”侯媛媛立即打电话给江苏邳州的父亲侯希贤和西安的叔叔侯希勇。
那天，侯文理居住在邳州和西安的儿孙们满怀希望：侯文理的烈士身份马上就有着落了。
为了给侯文理申请烈士，一家人已跑了两年。侯文理的确切死讯，他们三年前才得知。
2011年1月23日，《环球时报》刊登《追寻在台中共特工遗骨始末为两岸和平种善因》一文，公布了中共地下党和特工人员的无主骨罐名册，编号124号的正是侯文理，骨灰罐号为296。那时，侯媛媛就认
定名单中的人为爷爷侯文理。
5月4日，《环球时报》再次公布了《台湾戒严时期疑似政治受难者名册》，侯文理又名列其中：“姓名：侯文理，照片编号：296，籍贯：江苏萧县（现安徽萧县），枪决时间：1958年7月8日，骨灰罐所在位置：2楼1排3层6号”。
侯媛媛立即联系了参与报道的记者薛小乐，得到了“台湾地区戒严时期政治事件处理协会”秘书长李坤龙的邮箱。
李坤龙回忆，侯媛媛联系上他时，他并没有怀疑，侯文理的案情是其见过较特殊、复杂的，他印象非常深刻。
书信往返，侯媛媛的每次来信都让李坤龙觉得字里行间真挚感人，“她算是赚取我最多眼泪的家属，很少有受难者的第三代，对祖辈牺牲者有这么深的感情”。
李坤龙决定提供帮助，最终确认侯文理的遗骸安放在六张犁纳骨塔内。李坤龙将所寻的材料一并交给侯媛媛。这些材料包括两份国民党的判决书、侯文理执行死刑前的照片及侯文理的骨灰盒照片。
收到李坤龙的材料后，侯媛媛并未立即打开，“虽然我从没见过爷爷，可是那一刻就是不敢面对”。在一名同事的陪同下，侯媛媛打开了文件夹，看到了侯文理被执行死刑前的照片后，50岁的她趴在办公桌上嚎啕大哭。
申烈
拿到李坤龙提供的材料后，侯媛媛和叔叔侯希勇商量着，由住在西安的侯希勇将侯文理的材料送到西安民政局，申请追认烈士。“那是爷爷工作最久的地方，奶奶的军属关系档案也在西安。”
2012年底，侯希勇将侯媛媛寄来的材料打印了18份，一份交给了他居住地所在的西安市金花南路社区，一份交给了西安市东关南街街道办，“街道办说材料没问题，已经交给了区民政局”。
之后，侯希勇曾多次到西安市碑林区民政局询问办理进度，并几次向区民政局补交父亲部队的证明、派出所的父子关系证明、父亲同事的证明等材料。从家到区民政局的路程需要骑车大半个小时，这一年，65岁的侯希勇往返不下30次。
2012年年末，侯希勇被告知，因为资料从民间而来，并不是从部队得来；且侯文理归总参人员，民政局无法为侯文理申请烈士身份，“区民政局的工作人员说已经把材料交给了市里，但市里回复说省市级别不够给我们办理”。
西安的路走不通，侯家觉得把材料送回侯文理的老家安徽萧县应该能行得通。
2013年夏天，侯媛媛和弟弟驱车将材料送往萧县，萧县统战部副部长、台办主任王静接待了他们。之后，王静曾致电侯媛媛要求侯文理所在部队开具证明，侯媛媛沟通后，侯文理所在的某部队将证明发至萧县相关部门。
2013年冬天，北京西山无名英雄广场建成后，侯媛媛再次将广场名单中有侯文理的材料送到萧县。材料都交齐了，侯文理的烈士称号却不了了之。
“总要有个结论，我们活着的人没什么，父亲为祖国的统一、为自己的信仰奋斗牺牲，国家不应该给他一个说法。追认他为革命烈士吗？”侯希勇觉得，只有受到了国家的认可，一名军人的灵魂才能得以慰藉。
侯家人这种想法，在寻找、搜集替侯文理申报烈士的材料过程中，变得越发强烈。
离乡
直到解放后，一家人才知道侯文理是中共地下党，才知道他在国民党军队里，有个名字叫“侯璨章”。
1935年6月，19岁的江苏萧县人侯文理参军。侯文理走后不到6个月，在老家赵龙镇新庄村，他的第一个孩子侯希贤降生。
幼年的侯希贤并不知道父亲长什么模样。直到1945年，侯文理寄回一张照片。这张长约30公分，宽约20公分的黑白半身照里，侯文理“穿着军装，模样帅气”。
收到照片的那一年，侯文理的第一任妻子、侯希贤的亲生母亲曹氏病故。
第二年，侯文理从远征军的战场归来，11岁的侯希贤才第一次见到父亲，以及和父亲一起回乡的继母张励凡和二妹侯希坤。
之后，侯文理带着妻子和四个儿女回到了其部队所在地西安。1946年和1947年，侯希贤的三妹侯希慧和四弟侯希勇相继在西安出生。
军队随着战争转移，侯文理一家也一直在迁徙。1947年离开西安后，侯家辗转上海、金华、杭州、南京、徐州等地。
大陆基本解放后，几名八路军来到家中，张励凡以为八路军此番前来是要逮捕侯文理，“吓得要命”。
随后，侯文理淡定邀请几名八路军入座，这才道出其真实身份，“不用担心，这是我们自己的同志”。
和几名八路军出去后不久，侯文理回来时一身国民党军官服装已换成了八路军军装。“父亲回来后，让母亲打开了平日里她出席各种宴会用的梳妆盒，底层居然有个夹层，父亲说，平常都是用母亲的梳妆盒送的情报。”侯希坤印象深刻，听完父亲的话，母亲吓得瘫坐在了地上。
一家人后来才知道，10多年来，在国民党军队里的侯文理，原来是中共地下党。在国民党军队里，他有另一个名字，叫侯璨章。
别名
战友曹艺很了解在国民党军队里的侯璨章。
曹艺的女儿曹景滇介绍，1937年，曹艺受命于朱德，作为共产党派遣打入国民党的地下工作者回到白区工作。当时的陕西省委书记徐彬如指派侯文理，作为曹艺的单线联系人。
回到国民党军队后，曹艺为国民党辎汽六团少将团长。侯文理改名侯璨章，在曹艺部下任职，曾受训于国民党陆军辎重兵学校军官队四期。
为八路军建立机械化部队输送人才、物资，是两人在辎汽六团活动期间接受的任务。两人曾利用国民党的汽车部队，多次向延安运送革命进步青年，接送延安军政领导往返陕北道上。
1937年至1948年间，侯文理和曹艺随中国远征军一起到渑池、桂林、贵阳、河池战斗，其间更远征印度、缅甸，大败日寇后，又辗转昆明、贵阳、洛阳、郑州。
离开辎汽六团后，侯文理到了浙江龙游汤恩伯的二线兵团203师卧底，任该师中校警卫营长。1949年4月，侯文理同曹艺一起策动金华蒋军203师部队起义，并将机械化设备等交付给解放军二野。
之后，曹艺将军与侯文理两人先后到南京二野。当时的敌工部部长袁血卒安排侯文理进入大西南潜伏，做瓦解敌军机械化部队工作。由于密探密报，侯文理被特务抓捕。被捕期间受到酷刑，“侯文理没有透露过自己的身份及我党我军的机密”。因抓无实据，侯文理最终被释放。
1949年，解放军在大陆战场取胜的同时，舟山、金门之战却艰难至极，甚至失利。这一年，先后有1500名“红色特工”被派赴台，他们乔装成商人、难民、小贩、败军，混入数以百万计的迁台大军。
侯文理是其中之一。这年冬天，他接到中国人民解放军二野敌工部长袁血卒的指令，随国民党军队撤往台湾。
送别
1949年春节前夕，赴台前的侯文理回到了萧县老家，见了长子侯希贤一面。
“那天，父亲和我睡了一晚，枕在一个枕头上”，父亲搂着当时上小学六年级的侯希贤，告诉他需要到外面执行任务，可能要两三年时间，“父亲让我在家听爷爷奶奶、叔叔的话，好好念书”。
侯希贤总忘不了那个夜晚，他觉得父亲似乎有心事。父子俩聊到深夜，窗外月亮饱满，把院子照得发亮。
当时14岁的侯希贤不知道，这是他今生见父亲的最后一面。
一天后，在徐州火车站，29岁的张励凡带着三个孩子将丈夫侯文理送上火车。临上车前，侯文理分别亲了三姐弟，给妻子留下六个字——先保国，后保家。
此后不久，侯希贤收到了父亲写给他的唯一一封家书。侯文理除叮嘱侯希贤照顾好弟弟妹妹、做好榜样之外，还教育侯文理认真学习，为国家献力。
书信中，侯希贤被要求每天练习小楷、写日记。侯希贤认真遵照父亲的要求，直到师范学院毕业。这个沉默寡言的长子以这样的方式思念着父亲。
父亲离开后的日子，侯希贤将四页信纸带在身上。后经多次变故，侯希贤一度以为信件丢失。直至1955年秋天，侯希贤拿起一本初中物理课本，这封信从中掉落。
这封家书的落款是1949年9月30日，在侯文理落笔写信的第二天，在遥远的北京，一个新的共和国成立了。
苦守
侯文理走后不到半年，张励凡收到了侯文理来信，让张励凡到香港去。由于当时三个孩子年纪还小，“而且根本拿不出去香港的钱”，张励凡错过了和丈夫的最后一次碰面。
之后，张励凡带着三个儿女从徐州回到西安。因家庭变故，原先的家财散尽，张励凡带着三个孩子度过了一段艰难岁月。
从小家境优渥的张励凡不得不去找了保育员的工作，养活姐弟仨和老母亲。为了能够做饭取暖，当时6岁的侯希坤曾和外婆到很多单位大院外，捡没有燃尽的煤炭，拿回家烧火。收获的季节，侯希坤便和其他小孩到田地里捡麦穗，补充家里的粮食。
1958年，张励凡因十二指肠溃疡严重被辞退，家庭没了经济来源，侯希坤还没念完高一便退学在家。
家里最困难的时候，小儿子侯希勇的最大心愿是吃上一个夹膜。外婆把侯希勇带到街上的夹馍摊旁，指了指摊位上放的馍，“我以为她要给我买，没想到她指给我看看就拉着我走了，说看了就等于吃了。”
买夹馍的5分钱都拿不出，让当时9岁的侯希勇无比想念父亲。
1953年左右，张励凡找到侯文理所在的部队，这才知道侯文理去了台湾执行任务。可是，这样的“组织机密”，一家人并不能对外人讲。
几十年来，侯希勇家的小区院子里流传着风言风语，说侯家的父亲在外面找了人，不要老婆孩子了。张励凡一直沉默，不作辩解。一回到家里，张励凡就会告诉三个儿女，父亲绝不会在台湾成家，“母亲说即使父亲成了家也是任务需要，组织上安排的，不能怨恨父亲。”
一家人因此获得的“海外关系”，也让三女儿侯希慧分配工作时一波三折，更让大儿子侯希贤在文革中被关了三年黑屋。
二月二龙抬头的日子，是侯文理的生辰，每当这一天，一家人过节时，在邳州的侯希贤总坐在桌子的一角，默默喝酒流泪。
在西安的张励凡一辈子最爱看的电影是《永不消逝的电波》。家人说，西安城里，无论哪家电影院在放这部电影，张励凡都会早早买票，一个人坐着看完。
“她每次看都会哭，然后跟我们说，‘你们父亲就是做这个工作啊’。”父亲离开时不到两岁的侯希勇，对父亲没有深刻印象，但每看到母亲看电影时抽泣的背影，侯希勇总觉得心疼。“也不是没打听过”，侯家上下曾多次询问某部队，得到的回复是：组织也不知道侯文理的情况。
“我活了这么久，谁都见过了，就是没再见过你父亲，也不知道他现在是什么样。”说完这话，张励凡永远地闭上了双眼。时间是2005年，等了56年的张励凡已年过耄耋，直到85岁生命的最后一刻，她仍不知道丈夫是生是死。
“就差6年，奶奶就能知道爷爷的消息。”侯文理的孙子侯海波说，西安城南大雁塔附近有个武家坡，坡上有一孔破旧的窑洞名曰“古寒窑”，相传当年王宝钏苦守寒窑十八载，等待丈夫薛平贵归来的故事，就是发生在此。
在侯海波眼里，奶奶张励凡比王宝钏更惨，王宝钏一生命苦，可最终还是等来了薛平贵，“我奶奶呢？直到走的那天也不知道爷爷早已经没了。”
答复
张励凡想过千万种可能，她没想到侯文理早在1958年就已被杀害。
1952年，侯文理混入保密局搜集情报。后因被人发现举报逮捕，自1954年开始，经过4年审判，1958年7月8日，侯文理最终被国民党以叛乱犯的罪名处以死刑，时年42岁。
在生命的最后一刻，侯文理也没说出自己地下党的身份。“这样的革命者难道不是烈士吗？名字刻在纪念墙上了，还不是烈士吗？为什么我们走这条路就这么难？”侯家人不解。
今年5月14日，西安市碑林区民政局综合科一名工作人员回复此事称，对侯希勇提交材料的事有印象，其材料并非区民政局退回，而是由市民政局直接退回到侯希勇本人手中。
“他这是涉台的，省里没资格审批，需要民政部来审批，需要由他的单位总参来提交申请。”该工作人员称，区县没有申报权，但区民政局已经将侯希勇的申请打报告给市民政局，“从我们的角度来说他符合条件，但涉台需要部级来评烈。”
西安市民政局优抚安置处处长辛女士表示，侯文理的情况市民政局之前未遇到过，所以需要向省民政厅汇报情况，再看怎么处理。辛女士称，市民政局并未收到侯希勇的资料，“区民政局可能是对政策吃不准，只是把情况口头上报了，市里并没有见到材料。”
辛女士称，市里需要跟侯希勇了解情况后，再按照程序审核资料，“这个事情我们一定会跟省厅汇报，处理好，如果在我们权限范围内，烈士认定是没问题的。”
5月15日，侯希勇按照辛女士的建议，将侯文理的申烈材料再次交给了街道办。
义人
帮助侯媛媛一家找到侯文理骨灰的李坤龙，也是当时台湾这场政治事件的受害者。
李坤龙是台湾云林人，其父1952年被国民党当局杀害时，他仅4个月大。2005年起，在另一位受难者后人郭素贞的提议下，深知失去亲人痛苦的李坤龙开始义务收集政治罹难者的档案。为了能让这些当年为了信仰和理想失去生命的年轻人遗灵重返家乡，他做了大量收集工作，目前已整理出1300多案的档案。
2010年7月21日，侯文理的木制骨灰盒在骨灰罐整理行动中被发现在纳骨塔内。
近些年来，除了侯家，李坤龙也一直在帮助其他在台罹难者的大陆家属，目前为止，他已帮助11名受难者家属在台湾找到骨灰。
罹难者家属中，让李坤龙印象深刻的是刘光典的家属。刘家姐弟三人带着勺子，一人一个小绒布袋，每个人从骨灰罐中舀出一部分骨灰，将父亲带回北京，“看着就想流泪”。
在李坤龙印象里，在其帮助找到的11名大陆受难者骨灰中，只有李朋、汪声、周一粟、刘光典和殷启辉5人被大陆相关部门评为了烈士。
“派出的工作人员失去联络，就有两种可能，一是叛变，二是牺牲。当时通讯断绝，两种可能无法得到证实，政治身份也就无法确定。”此时，枪决的照片和执行公文书（判决书）等资料是最直接的证明，但并非每个人都有。这成了申请烈士的最大障碍。
牺牲的台籍地下党则更难获得烈士身份。李坤龙所掌握的台籍遇难地下党人员中，只有张志忠一人被评为共产党烈士。当时两岸通讯断绝，台湾的地下党组织来不及将党员名单送回大陆，认定很难找到依据。
李坤龙说，目前协会发现的大陆受难者中，只有极少数人的骨灰被家属找到接回。这也说明，这些人大部分没有获得烈士身份。
在这一方面，侯希勇一家觉得自己是幸运儿，虽然搜集申烈资料困难，但最终还是找到了。“父亲生前在大陆的工作情况我们不了解，到台湾后的工作更不清楚。”侯希勇说，他们幸运地得到父亲生前战友和李坤龙的帮忙，“当时的保密工作要求上封老，下封妻儿，很多后人估计都不知道父辈在台湾牺牲了，更别说找回骨灰，替他们追认烈士了。”
李坤龙认为，对于“白色恐怖”期间因政治问题而引发的案件，有必要保存资料，加以厘清，以作为历史殷鉴。
如今，李坤龙接触的被枪决者的第二代，都有着“这笔仇恨常在我心”的心态，理念一致，“六十年前苦酒一杯，国民党喝不下去，六十年后杯酒更苦，我们还是要国民党喝下去。”
大约从1994年起，台湾地区政治受难人互助会和处理协会开始组织秋祭活动，地点位于当年枪决死囚的马场町。
李坤龙记得，最初每年祭奠的人数都不少，受难者家属聚集在一起追思，人数最多的时候大约有500来人。
但近两年来，参加秋祭的人数在逐年减少，“当年的受难者逐渐凋零，受难者二代、三代都不愿意参加，记得历史的人越来越少了。”
（原标题：赴台红色特工烈士追认之旅）
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