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The author:(作者)归海一刀
published in(发表于) 2014/5/31 8:02:36
Google driverless car， really safe？ ，

Google driverless car, really safe?
-Google's driverless car, unmanned vehicle-IT information Google driverless car, really safe?

Watching the news that Google has launched an unmanned vehicle prototype, no wheel, no brakes, it really safe? Event of an accident?

And traditional cars, Google's driverless car while driving does not require people to manipulate, which means that the steering wheel, throttle, brake, and other essential accessories completely fail to see in Google's driverless car.

In fact, Google's driverless car "start" and "stop" button, which will need to be installed in the vehicle in different parts of laser distance sensors and cameras and radar equipment as well as precise and detailed navigation map, rely on computer simulations of artificial intelligence, and ultimately achieving the drone. Consists mainly of the following:

1) laser radar. Installed in the roof and rotate the sensor that scans within a diameter of 120 m, and building a dynamic, three-dimensional maps of the environment.

2) camera. Cameras installed in the rear-view mirror locations, is responsible for the detection of traffic lights and any moving objects.

3) proximity sensor. A car is equipped with four radar. Three of which are set in the front bumper, a setting in the rear bumper, in charge of measurement barriers of distance and allow the system to slow speed at the right time.

4) position evaluation. A sensor installed in the left rear wheel, through the movement of the wheels and other indicators to determine vehicle locations on the map.

Google driverless cars how to deal with the unexpected?

And who knows. In addition to these basic technical efforts, Google has improved the entire product structure to cope with the sudden and unexpected.

1) body makeover. Due to reasons of traditional body styling, auto very near some of the things to see. In response, Google in the prototype vehicle carbody sides also fixed the laser sensors, which can detect objects up close. In order to guarantee safety, Google no one can even monitor the situation below the car to eliminate blind spots.

2) system design. Ordinary cars with power steering and power brake system, if the power steering fails, you can still turn the steering wheel. Google driverless car, no steering wheel, therefore, fault-tolerant architecture design: the car is actually two systems, two of the engines, not by manually manipulation when a system or engine damage, will automatically switch to another system or engine. In addition, Google also incorporate a conventional car lessons, have released defensive driving, for example, wait a moment and then started when the green light is lit.

3) to control the speed. Slow down just a bit safer, Google will prototype the maximum limit of 25 miles per hour. According to Google's done research, vehicle accident probability and speed is increased, lowering the speed of 35 miles per hour to 25 miles per hour, half the probability of a traffic accident can occur.

4) accidents. Although there are fault-tolerant architecture, but if you have an accident two systems, two sets of engines failed simultaneously, Google no one supposed to guarantee safe? To this end, Google driverless car headlamps with compressible foam material and flexible windscreen design, accidents dropped to its lowest point.

Although machines can be more accurately measured, calculated to make rational choices, Google is doing a lot of security measures, but the experience and resourcefulness of older drivers is driverless cars could not be learned in a short time. Especially if the system unfortunately is, cars were hijacked by hackers, Google driverless car is safe, it is also worth considering.

谷歌无人驾驶车，真的安全吗？ - 谷歌无人驾驶汽车,无人驾驶汽车 - IT资讯
谷歌无人驾驶车，真的安全吗？

看新闻说谷歌推出了无人驾驶车原型，没有方向盘，也没有刹车，这样真的安全吗？万一出现意外呢？

和传统汽车不同，谷歌无人驾驶车行驶时不需要人来操控，这意味着方向盘、油门、刹车等必不可少的配件在谷歌无人驾驶车上统统看不到。

事实上，谷歌无人驾驶车只有“开动”和“停止”按钮，这就需要利用安装在汽车不同部位的摄像机、测距传感器和激光雷达等设备以及精确详细的导航地图，再依靠计算机系统模拟人工智能，最终实现无人驾驶。主要包含下面这些：

1）激光雷达。安装在车顶旋转的传感器，可扫描直径120米范围内的区域，并建立一个动态的、三维地图环境。

2）摄像头。安装在后视镜位置的相机，负责检测交通信号灯和任何移动的物体。

3）距离传感器。一个车共配备四个雷达。其中三个设置在前保险杠，一个设置在后保险杠，负责测量各种障碍物的距离，并允许系统适时减缓车速。

4）位置评估。一个传感器安装在左后轮，通过车轮的运动等指标确定汽车在地图上的位置。

谷歌无人驾驶车如何应对意外？

天有不测风云。除了在这些基本技术上下功夫，谷歌还从整个产品的结构上做了改进，来应对突发和意外。

1）车身改造。由于传统车身造型的原因，导致汽车近前的一些东西无法看清。对此，谷歌在原型车的车体侧面也固定了激光传感器，从而可以探测近距离的物体。为了保障安全，谷歌无人车甚至可以监测到车下方的情况，消除盲点。

2）系统设计。普通汽车里有动力转向和动力刹车系统，如果动力转向失效，你仍然可以用力转动方向盘。谷歌无人驾驶车没有方向盘，因此设计了容错架构：汽车里实际上是有两套系统、两个发动机，都不由人工进行操控，当其中的一套系统或者发动机损坏时，会自动切换到另一套系统或者发动机。此外，谷歌还吸纳传统汽车教训，推出了防御性驾驶，例如在绿灯亮起时稍等一会儿再起步。

3）控制速度。开慢点儿，更安全，谷歌将原型车的最高时速限制在25英里。根据谷歌做过的调研，车辆发生交通事故的概率与速度是呈次方递增的，将时速从35英里/小时降低到25英里/小时，发生交通事故的概率就能小一半。

4）意外应对。虽然有容错结构，但如果发生意外两套系统、两组发动机同时故障，谷歌无人车该怎么保证安全呢？为此，谷歌无人驾驶车的车头采用了可压缩泡沫材料以及柔性的挡风玻璃设计，以将意外伤害降到最低点。

虽然机器可以更精确地测量、计算，做出理性的选择，谷歌做也了不少安全措施，但老司机固有的经验与随机应变则是无人驾驶车在短时间内无法习得的。尤其是当系统不幸被黑客入侵、汽车被劫持，谷歌无人驾驶车是否还能保证安全，也是值得考虑的。

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