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The author:(作者)归海一刀published in(发表于) 2014/5/31 8:15:12 Beijing rescue pilot trouble child classification， expand the scope of bailout
Yesterday, the Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau held a news conference to introduce, in this year of Fangshan pilot categorize the plight of the plight of children and families help on different levels, is expected to be completed within two years of data mapping and system design. At the same time, this city 20 years of rural family foster homes, will also be to the town family foster care "upgrades", relative foster care standards are being developed.
□试点
Expand the scope of trouble child relief
Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau, spokesman Li Hongbing, Deputy Director introduced this year, will launch the classification of child welfare protection of Fangshan district pilot, pilot exploration core construct "using three-point" moderate Pratt-type classification of child welfare protection system. A general moderate system of Pratt and Whitney, three-layered, classification, standards.
Moderate-Pratt child welfare pilot experience is separating groups of children into orphans, the plight of children, the plight of families, ordinary children: 4 levels, hierarchical category by the local government for a variety of benefits. At the same time, adhere to the plight of children first, in the areas of policy planning, the provision of welfare services, give priority to the plight of the child's interests and needs. Specifically, is to expand the scope of child welfare protection, focus on dilemma and plight of children families for layered, classification, sorting and positioning, policies, project design and implementation.
It is understood that the plight of children mainly refers to a serious illness, severely disabled, street children, dilemmas families are means parents without capacity, heavy people seriously ill, being compulsory detoxification or long prison sentences in custody, parent, such as the death of one of the other party could not raise children in families.
"Child welfare is similar to pyramid, formerly save the children focused on pyramid Spire – orphanage for abandoned infants, orphans, but in fact, more children could not be included. "Li Hongbing says pilot trouble child relief in Fangshan district, shows the rescue of children from the spires began to expand to the next level – the plight of the children," which corresponds to a more complete, including seriously ill, severely disabled street children the basic establishment of the child welfare system. ”
Last June, Nanjing, 2 girls, for fathers, mothers serving sentences drug use, neglect, starvation was found in the home. The pilot means in Fangshan district, Nanjing children being starved to death a tragedy or will no longer appear. Li Hongbing introduction currently mapping survey of the ongoing plight of child in Fangshan district, expected to be completed within two years mapping and systems design, and implementation of a pilot.
□转变
Urban family foster care standards
It is understood that the rural family foster care since the late 90 's in Beijing since its introduction, has for nearly 20 years, has been the Ministry of Civil Affairs called "Beijing model" in the country.
Li Hongbing introduction, when the number of beds in children's welfare homes do not meet the parenting needs of orphans, rural family foster emergence of eased pressure on the body, also played important role in children's growth.
In early May this year, the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the family foster care management approach (draft for soliciting opinions) for public comment. Exposure draft provisions, foster care foster children must not exceed 2, and no children under 6 years of age, per capita housing area for foster families, the level of per capita income, health condition and family relationships are set out in detail.
Li Hongbing, which absorb some of family foster care experience, also made clear the direction of family foster care.
"Now with the socio-economic development, orphan traditional fertility transition has been, and is focused on comprehensive educational development of children, which makes the family foster care need to be adjusted. "Li Hongbing says that in the future the family foster transformation from rural to urban, city of foster's own requirements, the economic situation of families, parents, level of education, and other related standards are improved, against specific criteria for urban families in foster care currently being drawn up.
It is understood that, from 2009 onwards, the city's foster care of orphans in rural areas was taken back to the children's Welfare Institute began rolling out, and placed it under adult orphan placement policy. To date, 143 adult orphans have been rehoused.
However, for family foster care when the city introduced civil did not give a specific timetable.
Li Hongbing says that adoption is an orphan raised by the best way, which can make them return to their families sooner, enjoy the warmth of family, future, civil affairs departments will take measures to encourage and promote the family foster care to adoption.
□不足
Lack of nursing staff shortage of facilities
Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau official said the current child welfare policy is not yet perfect, child-rearing models also need to explore innovative and norms.
At present, the construction of the district's child welfare agency lag, supporting facilities are generally lacking, service features a single, some counties have not yet established child welfare agencies to operate independently, not included in the full allocation of institutions that did not resolve their status as independent legal institutions and fundamental staffing.
Most important is, child welfare agencies insufficient professional and technical personnel, and orphan care worker configuration the low percentage, special education personnel, social workers and rehabilitation, lack of health care staff.
Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau said Li Shaochun, Director of social welfare, child care workers at the city's child welfare agency line currently has 200 or so, paramedics and the proportion of orphans and disabled children in 1:10, equivalent to one nursing staff to take care of 10 children. Calculation of which, according to the developed countries, this ratio should be between 1:3 and 1:5 is the most suitable.
Said Li Shaochun, low overall remuneration in children's nursing teams, mobility has led to care workers, mechanisms for how this team stability, wage increases and promotion mechanisms, such as civil affairs departments are studying currently.
In addition, Beijing has taken the lead in training course on child care workers, and children's welfare homes, and administrator training courses, upgrade the quality of front-line team.
□探访
Fangshan's first "family" parenting
Yesterday, Fangshan district, the newly-built children's Welfare Institute was founded this year love base, for social participation, child welfare donation platform. The welfare home's biggest innovation innovation is the focus of the child rearing, "we are giving them as much as possible the warmth of family, in institutions set up classes in family-type children's maintenance mode. ”
It is understood that children's welfare homes in Fangshan district is located in Qinglong bean village in Fangshan district, total 4083 square meters, the main building as a three-tiered, total number of beds/100. Equipped with disabled child care centres, rehabilitation centres, special education centres and medical centres to achieve first-class County child welfare agencies.
Reporters at the scene yesterday
That, different from traditional homes, residents in the residential area of the child in accordance with the pattern of ordinary families, inside the building divided the living room, bedroom, study room, a game room, and living room furnishings including sofas, television, green plants, and so on, there are all kinds of fruits, snacks on the table.
Fangshan children homes Dean Geng Hongmei introduced, homes total more than 60 multiple children, 98% above is heavy residual seriously ill children, dropped brain palsy children, and baby outside, homes will is school and has cognitive capacity of 18 a children, points to has 3 a family in, "each family has a male workers and a female workers, served as dad mom of identity, children were is to brothers sisters commensurate. ”
It is understood that the family wherever possible, ordinary families children grow to take care of the children, "every night, MOM and dad will tutor over the weekend to take them to the supermarket, shopping, holiday travel, picking, etc. ”
At the same time, "parents" who cultivate children's ability of daily, such as allowing children pick up the bedroom.
Geng Hongmei said that through this type of family rearing, will allow children to have a healthy emotional development, to form a correct Outlook on world, life and values.
Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau official said that the family rearing patterns of this kind will also try in other child welfare agencies, concentrated nourishing for the orphans, "such care will be the main direction in the future. ”
□数说
120,000
Deputy Director of the Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau, spokesman Li Hongbing describes, the current resident children in the city of 2 million, about 1.57 million household registration of these children, in accordance with the sampling ratio of trouble child should be 8%. Estimated that the plight of children should have more than 120,000 household registration in the city.
2000 people
At present, the Beijing children's beds about 1800, the city's welfare agency orphan abandoned around 2000 people.
16
16 child welfare agencies, including municipal welfare home by 3 (including SOS Children's village in Beijing), the County child welfare agencies 13. 13 districts and counties in child welfare institutions, child-care institutions with independent juridical personality of 7, as well as with social welfare facilities construction, yet operate independently of the Child Welfare Department 6.
Xinhua reporters Chen Qiao Beijing times mapping Yang Jianing
(Original title: Beijing rescue pilot trouble child classification)
昨天，北京市民政局召开新闻发布会介绍，今年已在房山试点对困境儿童及困境家庭儿童进行分类分层次救助，预计在两年内完成数据摸底及制度设计。同时，本市推行20年的农村家庭寄养，也将向城市家庭寄养“升级”，相关寄养标准正在制定。
扩大困境儿童救助范围
北京市民政局副局长、新闻发言人李红兵介绍，今年，房山区将启动儿童福利分类保障试点，试点核心探索构建“一普三分”的适度普惠型儿童福利分类保障制度。一普即适度普惠制度，三分即分层次、分类型、分标准。
适度普惠型儿童福利试点经验是将儿童群体分为孤儿、困境儿童、困境家庭儿童、普通儿童4个层次，分层分类由当地政府给予不同的福利待遇。同时，坚持困境儿童优先，在制定政策规划、提供福利服务等方面，优先考虑困境儿童的利益和需求。具体来说，就是扩大儿童福利保障范围，重点围绕困境儿童和困境家庭儿童进行分层、分类、排序和定位，进行政策项目设计和组织实施。
据了解，困境儿童主要是指重病、重残、流浪儿童，困境家庭儿童是指父母没有抚养能力、重残重病、被强制戒毒或长期服刑在押、父母一方死亡另一方无法抚养等家庭的儿童。
“儿童福利救助类似于金字塔，以前的儿童救助主要针对金字塔的塔尖——福利院的弃婴、孤儿，但其实更多的孩子未能包括其中。”李红兵说，房山试点困境儿童救助，显示对儿童的救助已由塔尖开始扩展到下一层——更广大的困境儿童，“它对应着一个更加完善的、针对包括重病重残流浪儿童在内的基本儿童福利制度的建立。”
去年6月，南京2名女童因父亲服刑、母亲吸毒而无人照管，被发现时已活活饿死家中。此次房山的试点也意味着，南京幼童被饿死的惨剧或将不再出现。李红兵介绍，目前房山正在开展困境儿童的摸底调查，预计两年内完成摸底和制度设计，并将推行试点。
城市家庭寄养将出标准
据了解，北京市农村家庭寄养从上世纪90年代推行至今，已近20年，曾被民政部称为“北京模式”在全国推广。
李红兵介绍，当时儿童福利院的床位数不能满足孤儿的养育需求，农村家庭寄养的出现，缓解了机构的压力，也为孩子的成长发挥了重要作用。
今年5月初，民政部就《家庭寄养管理办法》（征求意见稿）公开征求意见。征求意见稿规定，寄养家庭寄养儿童不得超过2人，且无未满6周岁儿童，对寄养家庭的人均住房面积、人均收入水平、健康条件及家庭关系等均进行了详细规定。
李红兵表示，该意见里吸纳了北京家庭寄养的一些经验，也明确了北京家庭寄养的方向。
“现在随着社会经济的发展，对孤儿传统的重养已经向重育转变，而且是着重孩子全面的教育发展，这也就使得家庭寄养需要调整。”李红兵说，今后，家庭寄养将由农村向城市转化，城市寄养家庭的自身要求、经济状况、家长受教育程度等相关标准都会有所提高，目前针对城市家庭寄养的具体标准正在制定中。
据了解，从2009年起，本市寄养在农村的孤儿已开始陆续被接回儿童福利院，并根据成年孤儿安置政策进行了安置。到目前，已有143名成年孤儿获得安置。
不过，对于城市家庭寄养何时开始推行，民政部门并未给出具体的时间表。
李红兵同时表示，收养是孤儿养育的最好方式，这种方式可使得孩子更早地回归家庭，享受到亲情的温暖，今后民政部门也将采取措施，鼓励和推进家庭寄养转为收养。
设施欠缺护理人员不足
市民政局相关负责人表示，现在的儿童福利政策尚不完善，儿童养育模式也需要探索革新和规范。
目前，各区县的儿童福利机构建设滞后，配套设施普遍欠缺，服务功能单一，部分区县尚未建立独立运作的儿童福利机构，未列入全额拨款事业单位，未解决其独立的事业单位法人身份和基本人员编制。
最重要的是，儿童福利机构专业技术人员不足，孤残儿童护理员配置比例偏低，特教人员、社工以及康复、医护人员缺乏。
市民政局社会福利处处长李邵纯说，目前全市儿童福利机构一线的儿童护理员有200名左右，护理员和孤残儿童的比例基本在1:10左右，相当于一个护理员要照顾10个孤残儿童。而按照发达国家的相关测算，这个比例应该在1:3至1:5才是最合适的。
李邵纯说，儿童护理队伍的整体薪酬待遇偏低，也导致护理员的流动性大，这个队伍如何稳定、薪酬上升机制、晋升机制等目前民政部门正在研究。
此外，北京市已率先开展了儿童护理员培训班，并开办了儿童福利院院长和管理员培训班，提升一线队伍的素质。
房山首创“类家庭”式养育
昨天，今年新建成的房山区儿童福利院成立爱心基地，为社会力量参与、捐赠儿童福利工作搭建平台。而该福利院最大的创新在于创新了儿童集中养育方式，“我们尽最大可能给予孩子家庭的温暖，在福利院里设立了类家庭式的儿童养护模式。”
据了解，房山儿童福利院位于房山青龙湖镇豆各庄村，总建筑面积4083㎡，建筑主体为三层，总床位数100张。内设残疾儿童养育中心、特殊教育中心、康复中心和医疗中心等，达到区县级儿童福利机构一流水平。
记者昨天在现场看
到，与传统的福利院不同，该院内在儿童居住区内按照普通家庭的格局，在楼内划分了客厅、卧室、学习室、游戏室等，而客厅的布置包括沙发、电视，绿色植物等等，茶几上还有各种水果、零食。
房山儿童福利院院长耿红梅介绍，福利院共有60多个孩子，98%以上是重残重病儿童，除去脑瘫孩子、婴儿外，福利院将正在上学以及有认知能力的18个孩子，分到了3个大家庭里，“每个家庭有一个男职工和一个女职工，担任爸爸妈妈的身份，孩子们则以兄弟姐妹相称。”
据了解，这个家庭尽可能按普通家庭孩子的成长方式来照顾孩子，“每天晚上爸爸妈妈会辅导功课，周末带他们去超市、逛街，节假日会去旅游、采摘等等。”
同时，“家长”们也注意培养孩子的自理能力，比如让孩子自己收拾卧室等。
耿红梅说，通过这种类家庭的养育方式，将可让孩子们有一个健康的情感发育，从而形成正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。
北京市民政局负责人表示，这种类家庭养育模式也将在其他儿童福利机构进行尝试，对于集中养育的孤儿们来说，“类家庭养育今后会是主推的方向。”
12万
北京市民政局副局长、新闻发言人李红兵介绍，目前本市常住儿童200万，其中户籍儿童约有157万，按照抽样调查的比例，困境儿童应为8%。据此测算，本市户籍的困境儿童应该有12万多。
2000人
目前，北京共有儿童床位约1800张，全市福利机构孤儿弃婴约2000人。
16所
16所儿童福利机构中，包括市属儿童福利院3所（含北京SOS儿童村）、区县儿童福利机构13所。13所区县儿童福利机构中，具有独立法人性质的儿童福利院7所，还有借助社会福利院设施建设、尚未独立运作的儿童福利部6所。
京华时报记者陈荞京华时报制图杨佳宁
（原标题：北京试点困境儿童分类救助）
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