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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2014/6/1 10:18:28 Children’s toy safety survey
--The focus of the weekly quality report toy new
"Studio"
Together to create a better quality of life, and welcome to the weekly quality report. Today is liuyiertongjie, where first of all to wish friends a happy holiday. Every liuyiertongjie, many parents would have to buy the kids some fun toys as holiday gifts, but if you want to give children a happy and safe reliable toy is really not an easy thing, say most parents concerned about the safety of this issue, what kind of toy is safe is it? Today we'll focus on that topic, the reporter's investigation.
"The body"
Reporter's investigation in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, found that many malls in the toy counter, many parents are choosing toys for our children. Miss Yue's baby is now 8 months old, first children's day is selected in order to give the little guy a heart Toy as a present, Miss Yue also went through a lot of brains, variety and novel style, she said the mall's toy and make her by admirers.
"Period" consumers Miss Yue
Many toys chosen because children now, I wish I could pick up his favorite, brought his own to counter, let him choose his own.
Miss Yue did not think are remote control cars, transformers did not let itself baby attached to this cool light sings model finally felt in love with Bell, put it down.
Very interesting, because now the toys, if it have not sound or are separate, he may also be reluctant to voice, and with it sometimes attracts him, bright colors he likes to play.
In their investigation they found that many kids like this kind of lighting, audio toys, although there are also some parents feel that this kind of toys to children's health problems may have a negative impact, such as sight, hearing, but because kids like it, eventually many parents buying their children toys.
"Period" consumers Ms Yue
Reporter: do you think this sound argument?
You ask her is, of course, felt a bit noisy by adults, but kids she loves, this controls all her fun, not to play her for a long time, since (lights) flashing too much is not good for your eyes.
Nanjing, the toy store's staff also told Xinhua, like singing model houses, to play a little piano toy, indeed more are popular with children of all ages, has always been their star product sell well here.
"Over" some toy shopping centre duty manager
We are now a lot of piano, daisheng light above it, pretty side playing shine, kids will love, but can also sing, kids can play holding the microphone to sing.
Xinhua also learned during the investigation further, not only at the Mall, in many small commodity wholesale market, this type of lighting, make sound, children's toys, and sales have been good. Journalists in a Beijing market surveys, many manufacturers have told reporters that such toys is relatively safe and has good entertaining, sales have been good.
"Over" sales staff
Reporter: you see this sound, nothing to the children affected?
No effect, this sound with a subwoofer or something, this does not affect.
Reporter: this is how much the kids for some fun?
OK for several months.
Reporter: a few months is OK, right?
Within 3 years of playing against, it is.
However, when a reporter visited a handful of toys sold after sellers found that some toys with a sound, the sound of shrill, it sounds raspy voice, kids will adversely impact? Sales staff tells us that this issue has little effect for the children.
Reporter: how much kids for some fun?
You can play a few months to 3 years old.
Reporter: sound should not be too large, right?
Yes, several-month-old child sound should not be too large, you want to one to two years of age does not matter, because he has been restored to normal hearing stage
In the course of further visits, reporters also found that except for toys of this type of audio, and some toy looks less secure.
Reporter: How did this for some fun?
This is a robot into the ball, is finished by the fall on the open.
Reporter: fall started off here with a magnetic smile, right?
Pair.
Reporter: do you want this?
Do not.
Reporter: this stuff doesn't hurt kids, right?
No,.
Although many toy safety is not too high, but because the kids like it, price is not expensive, so there are a lot of parents willing to buy for the kids to play.
Reporter: this toy is not poison, right?
Is not poisonous, it is not poisonous.
Reporter: he'll put it in your mouth, huh?
You go back to washing, no toxic, environmentally friendly things.
Well, these businesses can rest assured that using toys in the mouth exactly how secure is it? Reporters from Beijing, Nanjing, and buying a variety of toys for children, rushed to the authority of the inspection body for testing, hope that by detecting these toys it's safe.
What kinds of toys are safe? To address this problem, different types of salespeople are completely different stories, this situation makes many consumers feel at a loss, and on the eve of liuyiertongjie, AQSIQ and SAC announced its new national standards for children's toys, so whats new with this new standard, according to the new requirements of the new standard, toys on the market are now able to target them? Continue to the reporter's investigation.
Just before the liuyiertongjie on May 29, the AQSIQ and SAC announced its new national standards for children's toys, which will come into operation on January 1, 2016, the new national standard includes the basic specification for toy safety, mechanical and physical properties, flammability, 4 items, such as migration of certain elements mandatory elements. Compared with the existing national standard, standard changes are mainly concentrated in the new restrictions on toy sound, some with magnetic properties of small magnetic parts requirements and requirements for the plasticizer.
"Over the" national standardization Technical Committee Secretary-General Zhang Yanfen
In my opinion, to our new standard than our old version of this standard has a high demand, some of which have not increased, it should be said that this standard is already have very strict requirements for standards than in the past. I would also like to add that it is our now standard with ISO International (standard) 8124 technical requirements of toy safety standards are equivalent, technical requirements are essentially identical. And we also added plasticizer limitations required, this international standard is not.
Experts believe that the new national standards for the safety of children's toys to put forward higher requirements, therefore, reporters rushed to buy children's toys in the market authoritative testing organization, and in accordance with the requirements of the new international standard for testing. Special sound lab, inspectors will be able to make a sound toy samples at various distances, decibels of sound testing at different locations.
"Over the" Guangdong inspection and quarantine Technology Center Toy Lab Minister Li June odd
We are now (new version) GB, it has two indicators of the requirements for this sound is, for example, to voice this toy it, for example it can be voice, story-telling, as well as songs, which is a continuous sound, then the sound does not allow more than 85 decibels.
Reporter: we just did a test, what happens?
We did testing and then discovered it measured data is more than 85 decibels, so (in accordance with the new national standards) do not qualify.
In addition experts also told reporters that the new national standard for different sounds to play a sound limit values corresponding to different requirements, for example, continuous beep toy, sound limit values are 85 decibels, and toys for this sound, the sound limit values for 115 decibels.
It is through the impact of sounds made it this keyboard, so the sound it is a pulse of sound, so that requirement is not quite the same as, limit is 115 decibels.
Tested, Xinhua sends children piano, singing little duck both sound toy noise that exceeds the provisions of the new national standards, for hearing child development may be adversely affected.
"Earlier" Beijing Chaoyang hospital ear, nose and throat doctor Liu, Mel
General words is we said we normal of hearing comfort rate probably is 50 to 60 DB around, but if over has 85 DB above does, has literature reported on has will on hearing has injury has, child care was born of when, he of cochlear structure has and adult basic similar of, but he of nerve center this cortex development to to 10 age around only and adult same, so he throughout this 10 age Zhijian, it also is a development of process, if this during does is nervous system comparison delicate why, If a larger sound, there may still have damage.
Also, test personnel also on reporter sends of this with magnet of toy for has detection, in first for of fell test, we found many toy in of with magnet of small parts is easy shedding, and these small magnet once and toy separation, on May was children swallow into body, thereby left must of security hidden, so toy new GB for this problem also made has new of provides.
So on magnet I wanted to simple of said about, is in past of two or three years inside, had has had hurt of case, some abroad of kids eat in has with small magnet of toy of small magnetic grain, then led to two a small magnetic grain in visceral inside stick received together has, they two phase suck, led to kids last of death, this is a is shocked of case.
New national standards, for use on toy magnets, magnetic forces are clearly provided for, in accordance with the provisions of no more than 50,000 Gauss magnetic per square millimeter.
"Over the" Guangdong inspection and quarantine Technology Center Toy Lab Deputy Director Huang Lina
We have here this is a test that qualified a magnet toy, the toy, there are various large and small magnets, we pick a piece, a magnet to do a test. This piece than the huge, we do qualify how big the magnet the magnetic. Then we take a look at there are two blank, we used the magnet to put it, is that you can stick to. We'll add a piece of paper to give it a try, three white.
Reporter: three out of the question.
Three die, that the magnet is safe.
However, the reporter to send toys for children, there are quite a few with magnets in toys magnets magnetic forces beyond the provisions of the new national standard.
This is a standard A4 copy paper, then we'll do an experiment, look at the paper, the magnet can hold how many sheets of paper. Here we have 27 this paper A4 copy paper, then through a small magnet, the magnetic force is very strong, strong enough to 27 A4 sheets of paper that can suck.
Another important change in the new national standard for toys is to increase the requirements for the content of plasticizer in toys. Experts pointed out that not every toy has a plasticizer, in General, looks comparatively soft toys and many of them are made of plastic, which toys may contain plasticizer.
Here also has a toy that is contains plasticizer, let us take a look, then such a toy is a, children may be more like one of this doll, this plush toy. In this toy, it is preceded by a soft piece of plastic sheet, we passed our laboratory testing, that a soft piece of plastic film, it contains plasticizer DEHP and its content is quite high, was content as high as 7.5%, higher than our new ballroom and 0.1% more than 70 times. So this is an unqualified, did not meet GB new toys is a toy.
If excessive plasticizer in toys, you may cause unintended harm to children.
"Earlier" Beijing Chaoyang hospital occupational diseases and poisoning Medical Director doctor Hao Fengtong
Because it is a simulation female hormone of, female hormone relative Yu girl for, it may body level relative comparison high, it this end of level than high, and a boy he of this end of level should more low, so does this hormone level of this change for, he on he of male of including he of reproductive among, some sperm of mature, this normal of reproductive activities, may including some sexual physiological of problem will produces some a difficult measure of this effects. Now medical research found that in a certain sense, high dosage of plasticizer exposure may lead to higher rates of cancer in experimental animals.
6 this lipid phthalate plasticizer is by far the more widely used plasticizer, so it is our new national standard of the inside of each of the three groups of a limitation. This type of comparison of the effects of chemicals on children, so our new ballroom began to ban the use of a chemical substance in this toy.
Through testing we found that reporter to send 8 samples, according to new national standards testing, a total of 5 samples do not meet the new standards and, therefore, can say that toys do more serious security issues in the market. Meanwhile, experts also told reporters that in addition to toys, and stationery products, such as toys and the like, if you have the same security risks, may also be harmful to children's health and safety, in the new national standard for which also makes consequential provisions.
"Period," Deputy Director of the State Committee for Standardization
Like rubber, we past some is beautiful of some rubber, printed with color of rubber, wipe word of rubber, has may into kids of toy, this standard on these things also applies, is in these products of when, it of security requires also to meet, and meet this a group standard, such words, let throughout 14 age following, is children toy of this category things are can not left corner.
Children's toys from the new national standard into effect January 1, 2016, there is a certain amount of time, but children's toy production enterprises should start from now, to improve the own production of toy quality and safety standard.
We design the future of white list and black list, if I exceeded, for example, has not yet reached the age, my product meet the national standards, we used white-out, letting the consumer know by choosing their standards, using market instruments as soon as possible this way, through which Government promotion, earlier these criteria reflected in the product above.
There are new standards, there is a new requirement, is good news for consumers, according to investigative journalist and testing circumstances, does have a considerable part of the toy on the market, according to the new national standard is not qualified, that is introduction of the new national standards, and for regulating toy market, improving the quality and safety of toys is certainly a catalyst. But the standard does not solve all the problems, how to make the enterprise in accordance with the requirements of the new standard as soon as possible, do not meet the new national standard of toys off the market as soon as possible, if not solve these problems, the new national standard will not be truly effective. From this point of view, the introduction of standards is just a start, to make toys safer for children, there is still a long way to go. Well, thanks for watching the weekly quality report, see you next week at the same time.
《每周质量报告》——《聚焦玩具新规》
【演播室】
共同打造高质量的生活，欢迎收看《每周质量报告》。今天是六一儿童节，在这里首先要祝小朋友们节日快乐。每到六一儿童节，不少家长就会给孩子们买些好玩儿的玩具作为节日礼物，但是要想给孩子买到一件既称心如意又安全可靠的玩具还真的不是一件简单的事，比如说最受家长关注的安全这个问题，到底是么样的玩具才是安全的呢？今天我们就来关注这个话题，来看记者的调查。
【正文】
记者在江苏南京调查时发现，不少商场中的玩具柜台前，不少家长正在给孩子选购玩具。俞女士家的宝宝现在8个月大，为了给小家伙儿的第一个儿童节选一件称心的玩具作为礼物，俞女士还真是费了不少脑筋，她说商场里种类繁多、样式新颖的玩具让她挑花了眼。
【同期】消费者 俞女士
因为现在孩子挑选的玩具特别多，我也希望能挑选他喜欢的，带他自己来柜台，让他自己挑选。
让俞女士没有想到的是遥控汽车、变形金刚都没有让自己的宝宝动心，倒是这件灯光酷炫还会唱歌的模型屋让小家伙觉得情有独钟、爱不释手。
【同期】 消费者 俞女士
非常感兴趣，因为现在的玩具，它如果没有什么声音或者是单独的，他有可能还不太愿意，有声音它有时候会吸引他，颜色鲜艳的他比较喜欢玩。
在调查过程中记者发现，不少小朋友喜欢这类有灯光、有音响的玩具，虽然也有一些家长觉得这类玩具对孩子的视力、听力等健康问题可能产生不良影响，但是因为孩子喜欢，最终还是有不少家长会给孩子买这样的玩具。
【同期】消费者 岳女士
记者：觉不觉得这声音特别吵？
你要问她，大人当然是觉得有点吵的，但是小孩子她喜欢，这都控制她玩儿，不给她玩很长时间，因为(灯)闪得太厉害对眼睛也不好。
南京这家玩具卖场的工作人员也告诉记者，像会唱歌的模型屋、能弹奏的小钢琴等玩具，确实更受孩子们的青睐，一直是他们这里销量很好的明星产品。
【同期】某玩具商场值班经理
我们现在很多钢琴，它上面都带声光的，很漂亮，边弹奏还会发光，小朋友会很喜欢，而且还可以唱歌，小朋友拿着话筒可以自弹自唱的。
在进一步调查过程中记者还了解到，不仅是在商场中，在很多小商品批发市场里，这类有灯光、能发声的儿童玩具，销量也一直不错。记者在北京的一家市场调查时，不少销售商都告诉记者，这样的玩具相对比较安全，又有很好的娱乐性，因此销量一直不错。
【同期】销售人员
记者：你看它这个声音的话，对小孩没什么影响吗？
没影响，这个声音用什么低音炮之类的，这个没影响。
记者：这是多大的孩子玩啊？
几个月都可以呀。
记者：几个月也行是吧？
3岁之内玩反正是。
然而，当记者走访了几家销售玩具的卖家之后发现，有一些带有音响的玩具，发出的声音非常刺耳，那么这种大人听起来都觉得刺耳的声音，会不会对孩子造成不良影响呢？销售人员告诉我们，这种问题对于孩子来说影响不大。
【同期】 销售人员
记者：一般多大的小孩玩啊？
几个月到3岁都可以玩。
记者：声音不能太大了是吧？
对，几个月的孩子声音不能太大，你要到一岁到两岁就无所谓，因为他听力已经恢复到正常的阶段了
在进一步走访过程中，记者还发现，除了这类有音响的玩具之外，还有一些玩具看起来就不太安全。
记者：这个怎么玩啊？
这是机器人变成球，完了一摔就开了。
记者：一摔就开了，这里面带磁性是吧？
对。
记者：要这种吗？
不要。
记者：它这个东西不会伤到小孩子吧？
不会不会。
虽然不少玩具看起来安全性不太高，但是因为孩子们喜欢，价格又不贵，因此还是有很多家长愿意买来给孩子玩。
记者：这种玩具没有毒吧？
没毒，没毒。
记者：他会放嘴里啊？
你回去洗洗，这个没什么毒，环保的东西。
那么，这些在商家口中可以放心使用的玩具到底安全性如何呢？记者从北京、南京等地购买了多种儿童玩具，送往权威的检验机构进行检测，希望通过检测了解这些玩具到底安不安全。
到底什么样的玩具是安全的？面对这个问题，不同的销售人员有着完全不同的说法，这种现状让不少消费者觉得无所适从，而就在六一儿童节前夕，国家质检总局和国家标准委发布了新的儿童玩具国家标准，那么这份新标准到底有哪些新变化，而根据新标准的新要求，现在市场上的玩具是否能够达标呢？继续来看记者的调查。
就在六一儿童节之前的5月29日，国家质检总局和国家标准委发布了新的儿童玩具国家标准，这份将于2016年1月1日开始实施的新国标包括玩具安全的基本规范、机械与物理性能、易燃性能、特定元素的迁移等4项强制性内容。与现行国标相比，新标准的变化主要集中在对玩具声音的限制，部分带有磁性的小部件磁力的要求和对于塑化剂的要求等方面。
【同期】全国标准化技术委员会秘书长 张艳芬
我自己认为我们新的标准比我们老版本的标准有了更高的要求，其中有一些以往没有的内容这次都增加了，应该说这个标准已经是比过去的标准有了很严格的要求。那我也想补充说一下的是我们现在这个标准跟ISO国际(标准)8124玩具安全标准的技术要求是等同的，技术上的要求基本上是等同的。而且我们还增加了增塑剂的限制要求，这是国际标准里是没有的。
专家认为，新国标对于儿童玩具的安全性提出了更高的要求，因此，记者将此前在市场上购买的儿童玩具送往权威的检测机构，并按照新国标的要求进行了检测。在专门的声音实验室中，检测人员将能够发出声响的玩具样品在不同距离，不同位置声音的分贝进行检测。
【同期】广东检验检疫技术中心玩具实验室部长 李骏奇
在我们的现在(新版)国标里面，它对这个声音是有两个指标的要求，比如说这一款玩具它发出来的声音，比如说它里面可以有说话的声音、讲故事、还有歌曲，这些算是连续的声音，那么它所发出的声音就不允许超过85分贝。
记者：这个刚才我们做了一个检测，是什么情况？
刚才我们做过检测了，然后发现它测出来的数据是超过了85分贝，所以(按照新国标)就不合格。
此外专家还告诉记者，新国标对于不同的发声玩的声音限量值也相应地提出了不同的要求，比如可以连续发出声响的玩具，声音限量值是 85分贝，而对于这种敲打发声的玩具，声音限量值则为 115 分贝。
它发出的声音是通过撞击它的这个键盘，所以它这种声音是一种脉冲的声音，所以它那个要求呢也不太一样，是115分贝的限量。
经过测试，记者送检的儿童钢琴、会唱歌小鸭子两件发声玩具的声响都超过了新国标的规定，对于儿童的听力发育可能造成不良影响。
【同期】北京朝阳医院耳鼻喉科医生 刘茉
一般的话是我们说我们正常的听力舒适率大概是50到60分贝左右，但如果超过了85分贝以上呢，有文献报道就已经会对听力有损伤了，幼儿出生的时候，他的耳蜗结构已经与成人基本相似的，但是他的神经中枢这个皮层发育要到10岁左右才与成人相同，所以他整个这个10岁之间，它还是一个发育的过程，如果这期间呢就是神经系统比较娇贵嘛，如果受到了比较大的声音刺激，有可能还是会有损伤。
此外，检验人员还对记者送检的这种带有磁铁的玩具进行了检测，在首先进行的跌落试验，我们发现不少玩具里的带磁铁的小部件很容易脱落，而这些小磁铁一旦与玩具分离，就可能被孩子吞入体内，从而留下一定的安全隐患，因此玩具新国标针对这个问题也作出了新的规定。
那么关于磁铁我想简单的说一下，就是在过去的两三年里面，曾经有过伤害的案例，有的国外的小孩吃进去了带有小磁铁的玩具的小磁粒，然后导致两个小磁粒在内脏里面粘接到一起了，它们两个相吸，导致小孩最后的死亡，这是一个很震惊的案例。
在新国标中，对于玩具上使用的磁铁的磁力作出了明确规定，按照规定磁力不得超过50千高斯每平方毫米。
【同期】广东检验检疫技术中心玩具实验室副主任 黄理纳
那我们这里有一个这个是检验过合格的一个磁铁的玩具，那么这个玩具上面有大大小小的各种的磁贴，那我们来挑一块，一块磁贴来做一个测试。那这一块的面积比刚才的那块大，我们看合格的磁铁它的磁性会有多大。那么我们来看一下这里有两张白纸，我们用这个磁铁来贴一下，是可以贴住的。我们再来加一张白纸来试一下，三张白纸。
记者：三张就不行了。
三张就不行了，那这个磁铁就是安全的。
然而，在记者送检的儿童玩具中，有相当一部分带有磁铁的玩具中磁铁的磁力超出了新国标的规定。
这里面是一个标准的A4的一个复印纸，那么我们来做一个实验，看看这个纸，这个磁铁能够吸住多少张纸。这里面我们数一下这里面纸有27张A4的复写纸，那么通过这么一个小小的磁铁，它的那个磁力很强，强到能够把这个27张A4的纸能够吸住。
在玩具新国标中的另外一个重要的变化，就是增加了对玩具中塑化剂含量的要求。专家指出，并不是每件玩具都含有塑化剂，一般来说，一些外表比较柔软的玩具有不少是用塑料制成的，而这类玩具就可能含有塑化剂。
我们这里也有一款玩具就是含有塑化剂，让我们来看一下，那么这样一款玩具是一个，可能是小朋友比较喜欢的一款这种公仔，这种毛绒玩具。那么在这一款玩具中的，它前面有一个柔软的一块这个塑料片，我们经过我们实验室检测，这一块柔软的这块塑料片，它就含有DEHP的塑化剂，而且它的含量比较高，是含量高达7.5%，比我们新的国标限量0.1%要高了70多倍。那么这个是一个不合格的，不符合新玩具国标的这么一款玩具。
而如果玩具中的塑化剂超标，则可能对孩子造成意想不到的危害。
【同期】北京朝阳医院职业病与中毒医学科主任医师郝凤桐
因为它是一种模拟雌激素的，雌激素相对于女孩儿来说，它可能体内水平相对比较高，它本底水平比较高，而一个男孩儿他的本底水平应该更低，所以呢这种激素水平的这种改变来说，他对他的男性化包括他的生殖当中，一些精子的成熟，这种正常的生殖活动，可能包括一些性生理的问题都会产生一些个难以估量的这种影响。现在医学研究就发现，在某种意义上来说，高剂量的塑化剂接触有可能导致实验动物患癌率的提高。
这6种这个叫做邻苯二甲酸脂类这个塑化剂是目前用得比较广泛的一些塑化剂，那么我们这次的新国标里面它是对三个一组进行了分别的一个限制。这一类的化学物质对于儿童的影响比较大，所以我们的新的国标里边就开始禁止这一类化学物质在这个玩具中使用。
通过检测我们发现，记者送检的8个样品中，如果按照新国标检测，共有5个样品达不到新标准要求，因此，可以说市场上玩具安全问题确实比较严重。与此同时，专家还告诉记者，除了玩具之外，还有文具等相关产品也和玩具类似，如果有相同的安全隐患，也可能对孩子的健康安全产生危害，在新国标中针对这一问题也作出了相应的规定。
【同期】 国家标准化委员会副主任 方向
像橡皮，我们过去有一些很漂亮的一些橡皮，印着彩色的橡皮，擦字的橡皮，有可能变成小孩的玩具，这个标准对这些东西同样适用，也就是在这些产品的时候，它的安全性要求同样要满足，并且符合这一组标准，这样的话，让整个14岁以下，也就是儿童玩具的这一类东西都能够不留死角。
虽然距离儿童玩具新国标正式实施的2016年1月1日还有一定的时间，但是儿童玩具的生产企业应该从现在做起，切实提高自己所生产的玩具的质量安全水平。
【同期】国家标准化委员会副主任 方向
将来我们设计白名单和黑名单，如果说我超过了，比如说还没有到期限，我的产品达到这个国家标准，我们用白名单公布出来，让消费者知道去选用这些企业的标准，用这种方式来尽快通过市场手段，通过这种政府的推动，更早的让这些标准能够在产品上面体现。
有了新的标准，有了新的要求，对于消费者来说无疑是个好消息，而根据记者调查和检测的情况来看，市场上确实有相当一部分玩具，按照新的国标检测是不合格的，也就是说新国标的出台，对于规范玩具市场，提高玩具的质量安全水平肯定是有促进作用的。但是标准并不能解决所有的问题，如何让企业尽快按照新国标的要求生产，如何让不符合新国标的玩具尽快退出市场，如果不解决好这一系列的问题，新国标就无法真正发挥作用。从这个角度来看，标准的出台仅仅是一个开始，要想让儿童玩具更加安全，还有很长的路要走。好，感谢收看《每周质量报告》，下周同一时间再见。
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