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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2014/6/1 10:18:53 China： us not acceded to the Convention， Convention on the right to accuse China of
At the Shangri-La dialogue, China answered questions
--Wang Guanzhong during the question and answer session after the speech
China daily Singapore, June 1 (Xinhua Zhao Chengnan) Wang Guanzhong, Deputy Chief of the PLA on June 1 at the fourth plenary meeting of the Shangri-La dialogue, entitled the setting up of the Asia security concept and create a bright future of Asia-Pacific's keynote. Wang Guanzhong after the talks attended by foreign officials, experts and scholars on how to avoid unexpected emergencies and to enhance mutual trust, reduce differences, control crises, Sino-US relations, China's security concept in Asia, the South China Sea section 19 issues such as line, in this regard, Wang Guanzhong made a brief answer:
On the issue of crisis management and control, I am first a problem is in the context of globalization, unprecedented economic and military activities of the Asia-Pacific region and active. In this case, worrying occurrence took place. How to prevent this situation? All Asia-Pacific countries have a responsibility to make an effort. First of all, among Asia-Pacific countries at all levels, in particular in the top, regular communication, enhance strategic mutual trust, reduce misunderstanding miscarriage of Justice. In this regard, China has made great efforts. For example, I'm as Chinese military diplomat, have now become the "pilots", often continue to fly in the sky, with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, as well as from foreign countries in the field of military security to Exchange, communicate with each other. Only in this fragrance is just a couple days, I had 10 bilateral meetings, work done is to exchange information with each other, enhance mutual trust, reduce misunderstanding and miscalculation.
Second, is to make the rules, so that when we met, there is a rule as the basis, which is very important. China is committed to working with Asia-Pacific countries to develop and adhere to all aspects of various fields, rules. From the standpoint of military security, China is committed to working with the United States in the field of military security establishment of two major mechanisms, the reciprocal notification mechanism is a major military action, other high seas areas and naval military security code of conduct. China and the efforts being made for the development of these two mechanisms. I can report that the two sides have made significant progress. Us and Russia is also developing guidelines relating to other countries in the Asia-Pacific region is also developing special urgency criteria. For example, China and the South China Sea countries have put in place around the Declaration on conduct of parties in the South China Sea, and these countries are working together to promote the development of "South China Sea code of conduct". We have norm-setting work is very hard, very hard.
Thirdly, in order to prevent accidents, crisis prevention, crisis management, it is very important to build emergency liaison mechanisms between States. That is, to find the person in case of emergency, speaking a Word, it is also very important. Today, time is very short, I cannot go into talks between China and Asia-Pacific countries have established or are establishing emergency contact mechanism, including Japan establish a maritime liaison mechanism.
For the Asia-Pacific arms race problems that may arise, and we may have a worry, is currently the Asia-Pacific region, particularly among the major powers, military developments have accelerated the momentum, it will form an arms race? Ever formed during the cold war atmosphere, even a repeat of the cold war era? I think, now 21st century the situation changed very dramatically. States, both big and small, have to adapt to the current tide of history and the international environment. In the Asia Pacific region, friendly cooperation between China and Russia, but the relationship between China and Russia is not a League, is a strategic partnership, collaboration between China and Russia are committed to safeguarding regional and world peace.
Of particular importance is, China is working with the United States is committed to building a new power relationship, commensurate with this, China is also working with the United States to promote the construction of new military relationship. Between the two countries, including cooperation between the armed forces, first to continuously expand the converging points of common interests, the second to control the conflicts and divisions, the third to eliminate misunderstanding and miscalculation. I think relations between China and the construction of new power and new military ties is conducive to peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region and the world.
Everyone can feel, in this fragrance at the meeting, some controversy going on between Chinese and American representatives and even the debate, I think it is in the process of constructing new power relationships between China and America will exist. China, as two great powers, share broad common interests at the same time, some contradictions and differences. In my opinion, there are contradictions and discrepancies are normal, it is not surprising, nor terrible. It is important, we have reached a consensus on both sides, is to control the contradictions and differences, phasing in and out. Views and opinions about each other with each other openly and frankly, I think it's a good thing, can contribute to reduce differences in the discussion and even controversy. There are not contradictions and differences, is to misunderstand the miscarriage of Justice, can also be discussed in a timely elimination.
On China's views on security issues in Asia, XI Jinping, China's President, in a yaxin Outlook on Asian Security Summit, calling for promoting the construction of Asia's security architecture. Amid some doubts that China advocates Asia security concept, to be excluded from the Asian security architecture other countries? I think such a worry is unnecessary. AsiaInfo is itself an open meeting of the Conference. Countries build the Asian security architecture in Asia, also welcomed and accepted foreign national mechanism for contribution to Asian security.
On the issue of South China Sea section line, due to host only 7 minutes of my time, I can only use the simplest language is the answer. On the issue of South China Sea section line, in fact, since in recent times, led China to clarify the meaning nine-dotted line is the United States. Today's meeting, after I did a lengthy question and answer session, there are so many people asked about nine lines on, has such a background. Many people may feel nine lines on a request made by China to clarify, catch a soft spot on the Chinese in the South China Sea, China is difficult to answer this question. I think this is not true. I don't speak a lot of historical processes, also does not speak a lot of legal and historical basis, because I only have 7 minutes.
I only briefly a few of the most basic facts, please refer me to say a few basic facts to further awareness and understanding of the Chinese position on the South China Sea section line in. First, in the South China Sea sovereignty, sovereign rights, jurisdiction, opinions are formed in the long process of historical development. How long is this historical? There are more than 2000 years. From the Han dynasty, China has discovered and gradually improve from the start, particularly the Nansha Islands in the South China Sea reefs and waters management. When was the Han dynasty? Han was in 200 BC. When was this year? This year is the year after 2014. Historical data and history files in this area are numerous, not only was I couldn't speak out, several days you may not finish.
Second, the Chinese Government is under what circumstances draw section lines? I would like to tell everyone that China's Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands, in the development of more than 2000 years, is under the jurisdiction of China, belong to all Chinese. During World War II, Japan imperialism invaded China encroached on China's Xisha and Nansha Islands. In 1946, the Government of China based on the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation, Japan the aggressor to recover the sovereignty of the Paracel and Spratly Islands. In the Paracel and Spratly Islands after the reunification with China, the Chinese Government said in 1948 but was announced and now nine-segment lines. A large number of historical documents, as well as published maps are clearly documented, or calibration, you can check.
Thirdly, with regard to including the Xisha Islands and their waters of Nansha Islands, in the course of a long history, and neighboring countries to China does not call into question the sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction, this problem does occur only after 1970. An important reason for this is the South China Sea have discovered rich oil resources. History in this area, you can check.
IV, the UN Convention came into force in 1994. China's respect for the Convention, and is a signatory to the Convention. However, note that, as I have said, the Convention is in force since 1994, but China's South China Sea Islands reefs and waters formed by history is the sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction in the formation of more than 2000 years, and entered into force in 1994 of the Convention cannot be applied with prospective effect. It cannot go back and regrouping historical States ' sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction of waters, while it recognizes the national historic rights of marine and reef.
V, the Convention does not apply to marine reef over the ownership of adjustment. Relating to oceans and the law of the sea is a vast, vast legal system, not just the United Nations law of the Sea Convention. At one point, adjust individual national sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction over ocean, also go beyond just on maritime law, contains a vast system of international law, including international law of the sea. Only hold the Convention, is said to fail. China signed the Convention, and also respect for the Convention. But the United States did not sign the Convention. United States, why not sign? Because the United States is in some parts of the Convention for United States adverse. One of the countries that have not signed the Convention, keep coming to China, said of the Convention, it can say it? In that case, the Convention has become some sort of? United States intend to honor it? The Convention into a United States weapons, United States use, when in its favour when picked up, to other countries as a weapon-wielding; when I don't have to take the left side of the Convention. I put a question here: the United States prepared when acceding to the Convention? Preparation for when signing the Convention?
Finally, China's position is consistent and clear. In the settlement of Oceanic Islands and on the question of maritime delimitation disputes, China advocated on the basis of respecting historical facts and international law, consultations with the parties directly through a negotiated settlement. Now some States with China in the South China Sea disputes to international arbitration. In fact, in 2006, China under special, specific provisions of the Convention, ruled out the sovereignty over the territory, including the island dispute, military and other activities to resort to international arbitration of the dispute, China has done an exclusionary statement. This file is kept in the United Nations, we can go to. I said so much, for your reference in the study of China's nine line, to provide a clue. On the Islands and reefs of the Spratly Islands and the delimitation dispute, China has all along advocated, continued to advocate and efforts in this regard in the coming years, stick with the greatest sincerity and patience, by direct negotiation by the parties to solve the problem.
(Original title: China has answered questions at the Shangri-La dialogue [1]-chinadaily)
中方在香格里拉对话会上回应外界提问
——王冠中在演讲后答问情况
中国日报新加坡6月1日电 (记者 赵盛楠) 中国人民解放军副总参谋长王冠中6月1日在香格里拉对话会第四次全体会议上发表题为《树立亚洲安全观 共创亚太美好未来》的主题演讲。在王冠中演讲后，与会的外国官员、专家、学者提出了如何避免意外突发事件、增进互信、减少分歧、管控危机、中美关系、中国的亚洲安全观、南海九段线等19个方面的问题，对此，王冠中做了简要回答：
关于危机管控问题，我首先讲一个问题，就是在全球化的背景下，亚太地区各国的经济、军事活动空前广泛和活跃。在此情况下，令人担心的就是发生偶发事件。如何防止这种局面呢？各个亚太国家都有责任做出努力。首先，亚太国家之间在各个层级特别是中高层，要经常进行交流沟通，增进战略互信，减少误解误判。在这方面，中国做出了很大努力。比如说，我作为中国军事外交官，现在变成了“飞行员”，经常不断在天上飞，与亚太地区各国乃至域外各国不断在军事安全领域进行交流来往，相互沟通情况。仅在这次香会的短短两天里，我就有10场双边会见，做的工作就是互相交流情况，增进互信，减少误解和误判。
第二，就是要制定规则，这样大家相遇时，就有规则作为依据，这非常重要。中国致力于与亚太各国制定和遵守各个领域、各个方面的规则。从军事安全角度而言，中国正在致力于与美国在军事安全领域建立两个重大机制，一个是重大军事行动情况相互通报机制，另一个是公海海域海空军事安全行为准则。中美双方正在为制定这两个机制做出努力。我可以向大家报告，双方已经就此取得了重大进展。我们与俄罗斯也正在制订相关准则，与亚太地区其他各国也在制定相关特别急迫的准则。比方说，中国与南海周边各国早就制定了《南海各方行为宣言》，并且和这些国家正在共同推动制订“南海行为准则”。我们制订准则的工作是非常认真、非常努力的。
第三，为了防止意外事件、预防危机、控制危机，非常重要的就是要建立各国之间紧急情况联络机制。就是说，遇到紧急情况能够找到人、说上话，这也非常重要。今天时间很短，我不能一一列举中国和亚太国家之间已经建立或正在商谈建立的紧急联络机制，其中包括与日本建立海上联络机制。
对于亚太可能出现军备竞赛问题，可能大家有一个担心，就是目前亚太地区、特别是大国之间，军事发展都呈现了加速势头，这会不会形成军备竞赛？会不会再形成冷战时期的气氛，甚至重演冷战时代的情况？我想，现在21世纪的情况变化非常之大。各个国家，无论大国小国，都要适应当前的历史潮流和国际环境。在亚太地区，中俄之间进行了友好合作，但是中俄之间不是同盟关系，是战略协作伙伴关系，中俄之间的协作致力于维护地区和世界和平。
特别重要的是，中国正与美国致力于构建新型大国关系，与此相适应，中国也在与美国共同推动构建新型军事关系。中美两国之间，包括军队之间的合作，第一要不断扩大共同利益的汇合点，第二要控制好矛盾和分歧，第三要及时消除误解和误判。我想，中美之间构建新型大国关系和新型军事关系，非常有利于亚太地区和全世界的和平和安全。
大家可能感到，在这次香会上，中美两国代表之间发生一些争论甚至是辩论，我觉得这些都是中美构建新型大国关系过程中必然会存在的现象。中美作为两个大国，在拥有广泛共同利益的同时，也一定存在着矛盾和分歧。我觉得，存在矛盾和分歧是正常的，是不奇怪的，也不可怕。重要的是，我们双方都有一个共识，就是要控制好矛盾和分歧，逐步减少和缩小。相互之间把对对方的看法和意见公开地、坦率地讲出来，我觉得是一件好事，可以推动在讨论甚至争论中减少分歧。有些不是矛盾和分歧，是误解误判，也可以在讨论中得到及时消除。
关于中国的亚洲安全观问题，中国国家主席习近平在亚信峰会上提出亚洲安全观，呼吁推动亚洲的安全架构建设。外界有一些疑虑，认为中国倡导亚洲安全观，是否要把其他国家排除在亚洲安全架构之外？我想这个担心是毫无必要的。亚信会议本身就是开放的会议。亚洲各国协作建立亚洲安全架构，也欢迎和接纳域外各个国家对亚洲安全机制建设作贡献。
关于南海九段线问题，由于主持人只给我7分钟的时间，我只能用最简单的语言回答。关于中国南海的九段线问题，实际上最近一个时期以来，带头提出要求中国澄清九段线含义的是美国。今天的会议上，在我做了长篇答问以后，还有这么多人问及九段线问题，就有这样一个背景。许多人可能感觉提出九段线问题要求中国澄清，就抓到了中国在南海问题上的软肋，中国就难以回答这个问题。我想事实并非如此。我今天不讲很多的历史过程，也不讲很多的法理和历史依据，因为我只有7分钟时间。
我只简单地讲几条最基本的事实，请大家参照我说的这几条基本事实，进一步认识和理解中国关于南海九段线的主张。第一，中国在南海的主权、主权权利、管辖权主张是在长期的历史发展过程中形成的。这个历史有多长？有2000多年。中国从汉朝开始就发现和逐步完善了对南海、特别是南沙诸岛礁以及相关海域的管理。汉朝是什么时候？汉朝是公元前200年。今年是什么时候？今年是公元后2014年。这方面的历史资料和历史文件是大量的，不仅我一时说不完，诸位若干天也看不完。
第二，中国政府是在什么情况下划出九段线的？我要告诉大家，中国的西沙群岛、南沙群岛，在2000多年的发展过程中，都在中国的管辖下，都属于中国所有。只是在二战期间，日本帝国主义侵略中国，把中国的西沙群岛和南沙群岛侵占了。1946年，中国政府根据《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》，从日本侵略者手中收回了西沙群岛和南沙群岛的主权。在西沙群岛和南沙群岛回归中国以后，中国政府在1948年划定和宣布了现在所说的九段线。大量的历史文件，以及各国出版的地图都是这样明确记载或标定的，大家可以去查。
第三，关于南沙群岛包括西沙群岛及其相关海域，在长久的历史过程中，周边国家并未对中国的主权、主权权利和管辖权提出质疑，只是在1970年代以后才出现这个问题。出现这个问题的一个重要原因是南海发现了丰富的石油资源。这方面的历史，诸位可以去查。
第四，《联合国海洋法公约》是1994年生效的。中国尊重《公约》，是《公约》的签署国。但是请注意，我刚才讲了，《公约》是1994年生效的，可是中国对南海诸岛礁及相关海域由历史形成的主权、主权权利和管辖权是在2000多年间形成的，1994年生效的《公约》不能追溯既往。它不能追溯和重新划分历史上形成的各国的主权、主权权利和海域管辖权，同时它承认各国关于海洋和岛礁的历史性权利。
第五，《公约》不适用于海洋岛礁归属权的调整。与海洋有关的海洋法是一个庞大的、丰富的法律体系，不仅仅是一个《联合国海洋法公约》。还有一点，调整各个国家在海洋上的主权、主权权利和管辖权，也不仅仅限于关于海洋的国际法，还有一个包含海洋国际法在内的庞大的国际法体系。仅仅抓住《公约》来说事，是说不成的。中国签署了《公约》，也尊重《公约》。可是美国并没有签署这个公约。美国为什么不签署？因为美国感到《公约》的很多地方是对美国不利的。一个没有签署《公约》的国家，不断拿这个《公约》向中国说事，这能说得成吗？这样的话，《公约》成了什么？美国打算尊重它吗？《公约》变成了美国的武器，美国用得着的时候、对它有利的时候，就拿起来，当作武器向别的国家挥舞；用不着的时候就把《公约》弃之一边。我在这里提出一个问题：美国准备什么时候加入《公约》？准备什么时候签署《公约》？
最后一点，中国的立场是一贯的、明确的。即在解决海洋岛屿与海域划界争端问题上，中国主张在尊重历史事实和国际法的基础上，与直接当事方通过协商谈判解决。现在有的国家把在南海与中国的争端提交国际仲裁。其实在2006年，中国就根据《公约》特有的、专项的规定，排除了将领土主权，包括岛礁争端，军事活动和其他活动的争端诉诸国际仲裁，中国已经做了排除性声明。这个文件在联合国存着，大家可以去看。我说了这么多事实，供大家在研究中国的九段线问题时参考，给大家提供一个线索。关于南沙群岛的岛礁和海域划界争端，中国历来主张，今后还要继续主张并在这方面努力，坚持以最大的诚意和耐心，通过直接当事方协商谈判解决问题。
(原标题：中方在香格里拉对话会上回应外界提问[1]- 中国日报网)
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