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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2014/6/1 10:26:43 Li keqiang： opening financial services to the real economy， “bloodline“
Xinhuanet, Beijing, May 31 (reporter Wang Yu)-recently held an Executive meeting of the State Council put forward, deepen financial reform, adjusting structure approach and timely moderately preset tuning, Unclog financial services to the real economy, "bloodline".
How to get through the financial lifeblood? The Executive meeting of the State Council released a policy signal? Reporters interviewed officials of the people's Bank of China, China Banking Regulatory Commission and some experts and scholars.
"Targeted reduction" efforts will increase
Executive meeting of the State Council proposed to increase "targeted reduction" measures, which caused widespread concern in the market.
On the Central Bank's financial markets Department Donald Ji Zhihong told Xinhua that, according to a State Council Executive meeting, "targeted reduction" will be distributed mainly pointing to the area of "three agriculture", small and micro-enterprises in line with structural adjustment needs, to meet the market demand of loans up to a certain percentage of banking institutions in the real economy.
"The ' redirection drop ' belonging to the positive incentives of financial support for the real economy, with ' full drop ', which is more targeted, which is beneficial for better financial resources devoted to agriculture, small business and other weak links. "Ji Zhihong said.
On April 25 this year, the Central Bank has cut the county-level rural commercial bank deposit reserve requirement ratio 2% cut 0.5% County rural cooperative banks, the Renminbi deposit reserve rate, it was marked with the Central Bank in the market, "directional drop".
In fact, the "directional drop" was not the Central Bank's new monetary policy tool. Part of the County a few years ago directs corporate financial institutions had been allowed to drop, that perform lower than similar financial institutions 1% surrendered reserve rate policy preferences. Central Bank and China Banking Regulatory Commission has developed "encouraged counties corporate loans from financial institutions will add deposits a percentage for local" assessment method, based on this assessment, County legal financial institutions for compliance, and similar financial institutions deposit reserve rate by less than normal 1% the Executive, this assessment underscores the Central Bank "redirect drop" principle of positive incentives.
Ji Zhihong said, compared with more links to agriculture-related banks, next to "redirect drop" range or cover more associated with the smaller micro-loan, in line with the requirements of financial institutions.
"Emphasizing the ' directional down ' means ' overall drop ' the prospect of a decline. ' Redirect drop ' loans and are within the scope of structure helps get banks lending more targeted. "The macro-analyst Zhong Zhengsheng guosen securities, said.
Social financing costs are expected to decrease
A State Council Executive meeting, reducing the social cost of financing. Norms, trust, wealth management, and entrusted loan business, cleaning up unnecessary capital "channel", "bridge" links, shorten the financing chain.
This industry believes, that truly reflect the current financing difficulties in the financial markets, financing your throat, can be described as the time.
The CBRC said Zhang Xiaopu, Deputy Director of Policy Research Council, trade, loans, wealth management, trust, and so some more complex business transactions, financing longer chains, some of which where there are irregularities, not only contain the financial risk, but also push up financing costs.
Statistics show that over the years, merchants, trust, wealth management banking is rapidly growing and the Bank's asset growth in the past four years 250%, experts point out that began in the last year of the "shortage of money" event, a big push behind it that came from financial institutions, business madness productions.
"The current difficulties in financing, financing, you have become an important development issue. In addition to relative to the enterprise itself, also associated with financial irregularities, including peers, trust, wealth management banking evolved into money begets money games, leading to escalation of levels of corporate finance. "Lianping, Chief Bank economist believes that this Conference clear norms, trust, business, intended to open up financing channels, drive down the cost of financing, financial services entities financial lineage more productively.
Now, take steps to reduce the cost of financing has been included in the work schedule of the regulators. Recently, the Central Bank, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and other departments jointly issued, to further standardize the interbank business of financial institutions, aimed at promoting healthy development of interbank business, improve the financial system's ability to support the real economy.
Optimization of financing structure
A State Council Executive meeting also suggested that the optimal financing structure. Stick on rotary control, increase investment in national key construction, enterprise transformation, and support services.
"Finance is the blood of a modern economy, through the allocation of financial resources, industrial development can be achieved. Financing structure optimized for industrial upgrading, structural adjustment in China at present is undoubtedly of great significance. "Guo Tianyong, Director of Central University of finance and China Banking Research Center believes that meeting made clear to optimal financing structure, is holding a number of China's economic structural adjustment.
For how optimization financing structure, Ji Zhihong said, in stable financing total of while, Bank will further optimization credit structure, increased has helped has controlled of intensity, focus support "three agricultural", and small micro-enterprise, weaknesses, railway, and water, and energy, and shantytown transformation and guarantees sexual housing construction, and city based facilities construction, national focus construction project, strongly support traditional enterprise transformation, and strategic industries, and high-tech industry, and production sexual and life sexual services, while, on local government financing platform, and Overcapacity in the industry, real estate industry insisted on the rotary control.
"For quality enterprises to actively support, for inferior enterprises to step up controls. Squeeze out inefficient asset use, improve the efficiency of capital allocation. "Ji Zhihong said.
"Of course ended up depends on reform, stimulating market vitality and let the market be the subject of allocation of financial resources. Reforms need not only the Government's push, as well as enterprises, individual aspects, such as Division, to pull together. "Said Zhang Xiaopu, next to the CBRC will further deepen banking reforms, promoting development through reform, risk prevention, strong service.
Since the last time, the optimization of financing structure of financial markets. According to Central Bank data, by the end of April 2014, service outstanding medium-and long-term loans grew by 15.5%, growth rebounded late last year 1.8%, compared with overcapacity in the industry's medium-and long-term loans grew only 5.9%, grew late last year dropped to 1.6%.
新华网北京5月31日电 (记者王宇)日前召开的国务院常务会议提出，深化金融改革，用调结构的办法，适时适度预调微调，疏通金融服务实体经济的“血脉”。
如何打通金融血脉？此次国务院常务会议释放怎样的政策信号？记者就此采访了中国人民银行、银监会相关官员以及部分专家学者。
“定向降准”力度将加大
国务院常务会议提出要加大“定向降准”措施力度，这一表述引发市场的广泛关注。
对此央行金融市场司司长纪志宏向新华社记者表示，根据国务院常务会议，“定向降准”的领域将主要指向对发放“三农”、小微企业等符合结构调整需要、能够满足市场需求的实体经济贷款达到一定比例的银行业金融机构。
“‘定向降准’属于金融支持实体经济的正向激励举措，与‘全面降准’相比，它更具有针对性，有利于将金融资源更好地投放到三农、小微企业等薄弱环节。”纪志宏说。
今年4月25日，央行曾下调县域农村商业银行人民币存款准备金率2个百分点，下调县域农村合作银行人民币存款准备金率0.5个百分点，此举被市场标以央行的“定向降准”。
事实上，“定向降准”并非央行新采用的货币政策工具。几年前部分县域法人金融机构就已获准可定向降准，即执行低于同类金融机构1个百分点上缴准备金率的政策优惠。央行与银监会曾制定“鼓励县域法人金融机构将新增存款一定比例用于当地贷款”的考核办法，根据这一考核办法，对于达标的县域法人金融机构，存款准备金率按低于同类金融机构正常标准1个百分点执行，这一考核办法凸显出央行“定向降准”的正向激励原则。
纪志宏表示，相比此前更多指向涉农银行，下一步“定向降准”的范围或涵盖更多与小微贷款相关、符合比例要求的金融机构。
“强调‘定向降准’则意味着‘全面降准’的可能性有所下降。‘定向降准’与再贷款都属于调结构范畴，有利于让银行的信贷投放更具针对性。”国信证券宏观分析师钟正生说。
社会融资成本有望降低
国务院常务会议提出，降低社会融资成本。规范同业、信托、理财、委托贷款等业务，清理不必要的资金“通道”、“过桥”环节，缩短融资链条。
对此业内人士认为，这一表述切中当前金融市场中的融资难、融资贵要害，可谓正当其时。
银监会政策研究局副局长张晓朴表示，同业、委托贷款、理财、信托等一些业务交易比较复杂，融资链条较长，其中一些存在着不规范之处，不但蕴藏了金融风险，而且也推高了企业的融资成本。
资料显示，过去几年来，同业、信托、理财等银行业务发展迅猛，其中银行的同业资产过去四年增长250%，专家指出，发端于去年年中的“钱荒”事件，其背后的一大推手即来自于金融机构同业业务的疯狂上演。
“当前融资难、融资贵已成为困扰企业发展的重要问题。除了与企业自身有关，也与金融市场发展的不规范有关，其中，一些同业、信托、理财等银行业务演变成钱生钱的游戏，导致企业融资水平的水涨船高。”交通银行首席经济学家连平认为，此次会议明确规范同业、信托等业务，意在打通融资通道，拉低融资成本，让金融服务实体经济的血脉更加通畅。
如今，采取措施降低融资成本已排在监管层的工作时间表之列。日前，央行、银监会等部门联合发文，对金融机构同业业务经营行为进行进一步规范，根本目的在于促进同业业务健康发展，提高金融体系支持实体经济的能力。
融资结构有所优化
国务院常务会议还提出，要优化融资结构。坚持有扶有控，加大对国家重点建设、企业改造、服务业等的支持。
“金融是现代经济的血液，通过金融资源的配置，可以实现产业的发展。因此融资结构实现优化，对于当前我国产业升级、结构调整无疑具有重要意义。”中央财经大学中国银行业研究中心主任郭田勇认为，会议明确提出要优化融资结构，可谓牵住了我国经济结构调整的牛鼻子。
对于如何优化融资结构，纪志宏表示，在稳定融资总量的同时，央行将进一步优化信贷结构，加大有扶有控的力度，重点支持“三农”、小微企业等薄弱环节，铁路、水利、能源、棚户区改造和保障性住房建设、城市基础设施建设等国家重点建设项目，大力支持传统企业改造、战略性新兴产业、高新技术产业、生产性和生活性服务业，同时，对地方政府融资平台、产能过剩行业、房地产行业等坚持有扶有控。
“对于优质企业要积极扶持，对于劣质企业要加强管控。挤出低效资产占用，提高资金配置效率。”纪志宏说。
“当然最终出路是靠改革，激发市场的活力，让市场成为配置金融资源的主体。改革不仅需要政府的推动，也需要企业、个人等方方面面各司其职，齐心协力。”张晓朴说，下一步银监会将进一步深化银行业改革，通过改革促发展、防风险、强服务。
最近一段时间以来，金融市场的融资结构有所优化。央行数据显示，截至2014年4月末，服务业中长期贷款余额同比增长15.5%，增速较去年末回升1.8个百分点，相比之下，产能过剩行业的中长期贷款余额同比增长只有5.9%，增速较去年末回落1.6个百分点。
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