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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2014/6/11 10:49:17 14 8 pilot cities in China， waste sorting effect is not obvious
Pilot 14, the effect is not obvious
Why it is difficult to promote garbage classification (policy focus · focus on waste disposal II)
In June 2000, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Guilin, Shenzhen, Xiamen was identified as 8 garbage sorting, collection of pilot cities of the country. 14 years later, it seems that effect is not obvious, waste separation and why is it so hard?
Waste separation and localization problems facing
West Lake District, district community garbage classification supervisor, Yang Jian Yu Chui Court bears for 11 Community guidelines, waste sorting work. Each month, she and 30 volunteers will be on-site to the community to put out garbage bags and live Guide. But she admitted that major cities such as Hangzhou, population mobility, rental of migrant population in the community did not accept advocacy guide, often don't know how.
Habits hard to change for years, residents of autonomy is still relatively low. "When there is a steering and classification effect is good, but once in a while, throw litter the mix up. "Yang Jian said.
Kitchen waste disposal are the garbage problem road with Chinese characteristics. Environmental volunteer Huang Xiaoshan says, Chinese soup kitchen waste of water in two-thirds per cent of total waste, organic matter which makes it smell and recyclables in the garbage and pollution.
Biochemical treatment of kitchen waste can produce recycled methane gas. To separate out the kitchen waste, pilot cities to encourage two types of households divided into wet and dry waste. Bao lunjun, Deputy Director of the Guangzhou City Administration Committee to introduce, even the relatively well in Guangzhou, even if only out of wet garbage, correct stocking rate is only about 30%.
Natural conditions in China are different, and therefore require different classification criteria. Zhao Haitao pointed out that of the urban construction Department of the Office of housing and urban-rural construction in Inner Mongolia, high rainfall southern cities is necessary to wet and dry classification, while Hohhot, 400 mm annual rainfall, annual evaporation of up to 2000 mm, wet litter is dry before treatment.
Recycling needs to be heard
Beijing white collar Madame Chiang somewhat irritated recently: from home to Shandong's mother took home half the space on the balcony were stacked cardboard boxes and used oil bottles. "Save some time ago with a crate of mineral water bottles only 1 block of money, sell scrap now they are not cost-effective, low price also covers child! ”
City Branch, Ministry of housing and construction division in charge, it is estimated that at present China's annual volume of 160 million tons of renewable resources, of which about 80 million tonnes from household waste, and produce 250 million tons of garbage each year in China, domestic waste resources recovery rate of 30% per cent. The charge, and in fact, as important part of waste separation, recycling has not been taken seriously.
Huang Xiaoshan believes that residents to sell the recyclable items at home, are following a healthy lifestyle. But the current low prices of recyclables, and often cannot be dealt with immediately, residents ' lack of storage, this affects their motivation. Due to wet and dry classification of not doing it, ' abandoned garbage many are contaminated with wet waste of resources available, then carries on the artificial classification sorting, cost is very high.
This reporter learned that, at present, the housing and urban-rural construction, the national development and Reform Commission, Ministry of finance, the Ministry of environmental protection, the Ministry of Commerce jointly carried out domestic waste sorting demonstration cities, garbage sorting recyclables as an important element of, the Ministry of Commerce and is building a renewable resource recycling system to facilitate residents should sell, deposit, the waste.
Returning residents
Guangzhou's aunt had just lost good garbage, you see garbage collector sanitation workers will be "recyclable" and "recyclable" two boxes of trash mixed into the truck, but on different signs of garbage trucks are also garbage. "Well blended, and later also had no power. "She said.
Sanitation Department also has difficulties, Bao lunjun admits, does have a few because of lack or irregular operation of training, mixed with garbage would be picked. But more often is because the launch because residents do not have the correct classification, some garbage trucks appeared empty, wasted manpower and petrol, which became City Manager's "dilemma".
Around the garbage classification "carrots or sticks" policy, is both motivating and developing disciplinary measures. Hangzhou provides that recyclables should be sold to recycling sites, or launch into the recyclables collection container and, if not corrected, individual fines of 50 Yuan; which was implemented on May 1 in Shanghai by the Shanghai domestic waste sorting reduction regulations, individuals fail to put garbage in the future, refuses, the maximum will be fined 200 Yuan.
But it is understood that up to now, garbage sorting does not write a ticket for individuals. Shanghai Municipal afforestation and City Administration Office official told reporters that at present, the implementation of penalties does not have the conditions, the category itself only in the pilot rather than promotion. Pilot community of individuals if it is not punishment, it's not fair. According to the current level of domestic waste, the Government mainly dominated by positive incentives.
For example, in 2013, Shanghai started 12 community green accounts pilot project. Community-issued garbage bags has a barcode, can be traced back to points. Some businesses offer is integrated into green account platform, residents by virtue of points can be exchanged for gifts and park entrance. According to statistics, the end of 2013, Shanghai's per capita solid waste reduce terminal handling capacity from 2011 0.82 kg to 0.7 kg.
However, most garbage classification of local governments have few inputs, the reporter learned from the Ministry of housing, even in relatively large cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and other cities, also struggled to meet demand. In Guangzhou, for example, "3-4 If this last year, garbage bags would have to be only 1.4 billion yuan, calculated in 200 people equipped with 1 instructor, Guangzhou City of 18 million people, costing about 4 billion yuan annually. "Bao lunjun an account," then put unsustainable. ”
In recent years, the Government increase investment in urban construction as well as to the appearance of environmental facilities have yet to catch on. In 2012, the Chinese urban construction Statistical Yearbook shows that national environment industries construction fixed assets investment less than construction of municipal public 2%, in 2006, this proportion was 3%.
Garbage sorting costs, the costs should be assessed during the operation in each family, Director of the Shanghai environmental sanitation engineering and Design Institute said totally addictive, garbage sorting is a long term project, should return to the residents, "relying on habits of each family to form constraints on society as a whole, rather than direct Government propaganda more effective.? "Totally addictive said. Reporters Meng Siqi
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