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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2014/6/12 5:09:53 The Sino-Russian new draft submitted to the outer space treaty preventing the weaponization
AP China and Russia together in Geneva on 10th to the Conference on Disarmament (CD) to submit to the plenary session, "prevention of placement of weapons in outer space, the use or threat of use of force against objects in outer space treaties" update draft, through negotiations on a new international legal instrument preventing an arms race in outer space and the weaponization of outer space.
Draft had been submitted in 2008
In 1985, 2000 and 2002, the Chinese working paper submitted to the Conference, comprehensively expounding China's basic position on the prevention of an arms race in outer space. As China's space capabilities has gradually increased, China attached more importance to the peaceful exploration and use of outer space. In 2008, China and Russia jointly submitted to the Conference "prevention of placement of weapons in outer space and threat or use of force against outer space objects a draft" Treaty, as the CD on the issue of preventing an arms race in outer space the basis for the negotiation of international legal instruments.
International legal instrument aimed at promoting the conclusion
Plenipotentiaries of China for Disarmament Affairs Ambassador Wu Haitao said on the 10th plenary session of the Conference, combined with the new developments in the field and views space security, including the recommendations contained in the report of the Group of governmental experts, this draft was updated and improved in China and Russia, is mainly for the definition and scope of the Treaty, some terms such as organizational structure, dispute settlement mechanism supplemented, amended and refined. This new Bill is to move the CD to negotiate and conclude an international legal instrument to continue forward.
"Outer space" who controls?
Outer space: outer space, space, refers to the area outside the Earth's atmosphere and other celestial bodies.
100-kilometer height above sea level as the Kármán line and is the current boundary of the atmosphere and outer space.
Airspace: air space over the territorial and inland waters of sovereign States, is part of the national territory. Excluding the airspace of outer space.
Weaponization of outer space has a long history
★ In 1959, 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union launched its first military photo reconnaissance satellite, respectively, and appearance from military uses of outer space
★ Signed the US-Soviet 1972 us-Soviet Treaty on the limitation of anti-ballistic missile systems restrict the development of outer space weapons
★ 80 's last century United States put forward the "Star Wars" program, in fact, is realization of weapons in space
Space weapons are there?
Types of military satellites and other
Space weapons (such as space fighter)
-Based anti-missile weapons deployed in outer space
Management of international organizations in outer space
The United Nations General Assembly: each year through the "prevention of an arms race in outer space" of the resolution
The Conference on Disarmament in Geneva since 1982: agenda of preventing an arms race in outer space, as was established in 10 consecutive years from 1985 to 1994 Ad Hoc Committee on prevention of an arms race in outer space
"Committee": the United Nations Committee on the peaceful uses of outer space was established in 1959, up to 2013 has more than 70 members
The existing "space law" (in part)
The "outer space treaty" (signed in 1967)
Known as the legal cornerstone of peaceful use of outer space, known as "the Constitution of space", requiring engaged in space activities should abide by the 10 fundamental principles
The "Moon Agreement"
The partial nuclear-test-ban treaty
The "Rescue Agreement"
Sound
New draft field new combined with outer space security situation to balance taking into account the views and concerns of States, the 2008 draft treaties proposed by the two countries was revised and improved. It was negotiated between China and Russia in order to promote arms control treaty, prevention of an arms race in outer space to make positive efforts.
Maintenance of peace and tranquillity in outer space was the common responsibility of the international community. Take this opportunity, I would like to reiterate that China has always advocated the peaceful use of outer space and oppose the weaponization of outer space and an arms race in outer space. We appeal to the international community as soon as possible based on the Sino-Russian draft Treaty submitted, and negotiated and legally binding international treaties, ultimately maintaining peace and security in outer space. We hope that individual countries listening to voices of the international community in a constructive attitude towards the talks initiative.
--Foreign Ministry spokesman Hua Chunying, 11th
■ 解读
1 Why do I need a new "outer space treaty"?
The existing legislation does not prevent the weaponization of outer space
Military experts said Song Zhongping, United States 2001 jointly signed by the former Soviet Union and announced its withdrawal from the 1972 us-Soviet Treaty on the limitation of anti-ballistic missile systems after, lack of international treaties on space weapons have been limited.
And News China credentialed full disarmament affairs Ambassador Wu Haitao said, China has been promoted will prevent space arms race as CD on will of priority matters, this is because, with space technology rapid development, space weapons of and space arms race of risk also further rose, this will hinder peace using space, damage States in space of security trust, break global strategy balance and stable, not conducive to nuclear disarmament process. Meanwhile, the existing legislation does not prevent the weaponization of outer space, and cannot be used to prevent the threat or use of force against outer space objects. According to Xinhua News Agency
2 who is competing for "space power"?
United States does not support the negotiations on a ban of space weapons
After the end of the cold war, far ahead in the field of both civilian and military uses of outer space of the United States, restricts the development of technology and equipment of any international treaty negotiations took a passive attitude, but also one of the few countries that do not support negotiations to ban weapons in space.
In 2005, the United States also smashed the previous practice of abstaining in the vote on this resolution at the United Nations, voted for the first time called for such negotiations. The resolutions supported by the 160 members of the United Nations, United States is the only country to vote against. In recent years, the United States pay more attention to and dependent on outer space, strongly driven by information technology and missile defence as the core of the revolution in military affairs are inseparable from outer space or to make a "controlling" military philosophy.
In 2006, then-United States President George · W · Bush signed a new national space policy. This document was completely revised in 1996, the old version of the national space policy, announced the United States will continue to implement existing international treaties, but "against the development of a new legal system or other restricting measures, prohibiting or restricting the United States's use of space and access". According to Xinhua News Agency
3 space weapons research and development?
Directed-energy weapons, lasers are the "Star Wars" products
Song Zhongping of military experts said that judging from the current outer space weapons research and development, United States, and Russia also have unique abilities. United States of weapons in outer space, especially in the Reagan era did a lot research work, and many have been fruitful, such as directed-energy weapons, lasers and so on are "Star Wars" program by-product, although this plan was not implemented, but foresees both in technology and research, some also have a certain amount of practical deployment capabilities. Including our well-known X37B is a space fighter, which emerged from a child star wars plans of development, there is also X51A and HTV2 Hypersonic vehicles.
United States put forward the "Star Wars" program, the former Soviet Union also put forward a national revitalization plan, this plan proposes to strengthen anti-satellite capabilities, such as suicide satellite was a product of that plan. In addition, now Russia ground laser weapons, through exposure to the satellite, satellite blinding or destroyed. Russia has accumulated a lot of experience in this field. At present, China also have ASAT capabilities, but China has always opposed the militarization of space.
4 How can the draft "by"?
"Signatory States as more greater legal effect"
Military expert Song Zhongping, said that after the Bill is put forward in 2008, during the consultation process, each country has its own considerations, have been modified. But United States is not willing to sign such an agreement, because the United States wants to maintain its missile advantage, you need to put some anti-missile weapons in its own space base. United States now continue to test ASAT capabilities, so has made special reference to the protection of space assets in the draft.
If the 2008 draft was a draft for comment, this has been a real draft. For the final draft resolution, said Song Zhongping, led by the United Nations, allows Member States to sign the Protocol, signatory States as more greater legal effect, reaches a certain number of signatories can become international law, needed to comply.
This version of the write (apart from the sign outside)/Beijing News reporter yan Xin Yu
(Original title: China and Russia submitted the "outer space treaty" the new draft)
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