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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2014/6/22 9:42:52 Pension merger of institutions or facing funding problems，
A couple of days, the institutions ' personnel management Ordinance (hereinafter referred to as the regulations) will be implemented.
Since 1996, General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the central organ establishment committee opinions on several problems about the reform of institutions, computed from the clear direction of the reform of institutions, China's reform has been going on for nearly 20 years, an important link of reform--personnel management legislation, early in 2003 was also on the agenda, but 11 years later, the regulations had to launch.
Regulations is China first Department system specification institution personnel management system of administrative regulations, legislation original is will years preliminary established of to hired system, and post management system and public recruitment system for main content of personnel management system to legal form be confirmed, and on hired contract of made, and perform, and lifted, and terminated, links made provides, while sound rewards and punishments, incentive guarantees mechanism, clear personnel controversy processing according to.
The regulations released by the social concerns. However, the only principle provided for in the regulations of "established mechanisms for regular wage increases", "institution staff members participate in social insurance schemes", seen by some as "July 1 is about to get a raise of more than 30 million public institution staff", "pension immediately to unification" ... ...
Chinese Academy of personnel science Li Jianzhong, Director of the Research Office of personnel management said in an interview with the China Youth daily, some misunderstanding exists, shows that some people have carried out more than 10 years of reform the misunderstanding still exist, "relevant supporting policies are needed to improve the place. ”
How to understand the "establish mechanisms for regular pay increases"
Institution reform in our country really have a top-level design, beginning in March 2011, of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the guidelines on classification of pushing forward the reform of institutions (hereinafter referred to as the guidelines), clean up the specification on the basis of, according to the social functions of existing institutions are divided into administrative functions, engage in production and business activities and public services in three categories. In July 2011, the institution classification and staffing management, fiscal policy, corporate governance structure in State-owned assets management, construction, personnel system reforms, the reform of the income distribution system, occupational pension schemes and other 10 matching documents.
The guidelines propose, from 2011 to 2015, the complete classification of institutions, part of the Corporation or appropriated to the Executive branch of the Government; from 2016 to 2020, and establish and improve the management system and operational mechanism of the institutions to form a public service system with Chinese characteristics.
Li Jianzhong believes that classification of fundamental and core objective of advancing the reform of institutions, is to strengthen the institutions ' public property, and continuously improve the level and efficiency of public services, promoting the development of public welfare undertakings and vigorously, effectively for people with more quality and efficiency of public services.
Institutions in China 110duowange, employees with more than 30 million people, is the largest sector personnel in State-owned units in China. But seen from the structure, unreasonable allocation of still exist between urban and rural areas, regions, insufficient personnel providing services directly to the public, there is duplication of resource allocation and an oversupply in some industries, and so on. Structure adjustment is needed, those unable to provide public services, not for services provided by the Government, as well as institutions mainly engaged in profit-making activities sequence scavenged from existing institutions, promotes public service of returning to the public source.
"The guidelines proposed, to assume executive functions of institutions, to comb through functions, will belong to the Government related to the functions transferred to the Executive Branch; to engage in production and business activities of institutions, reform is advancing its enterprise restructuring, conversion of units according to the provisions of cancellation of legal institutions, write-off of public institutions. Responsible for administrative functions will no longer approve the establishment of public institutions and institutions engaged in production and business activities. "Li Jianzhong said.
Adjustment of the layout and structure of the institutions also faced a series of problems to be solved. Assume the functions of administrative functions of the institutions and institutional adjustments to existing administrative structures, staffing the formation came as a shock. The guidelines put forward, adjust the adjustment of the institutions that are involved in the preparation, shall not break limit and a total establishment of government institutions, mainly through the administrative system and the reform of government transfers out of the unfilled solved step by step. To engage in production and business activities of public institutions and State-owned enterprises in a market economy status embarrassing, even monopolize the resources of State-owned units to use public resources for personal interests is increasingly being questioned the legality of such issues resolved, determines strypped just such a stage in the process of institutional reform, temporary goals and approaches.
Regulations in the sound system of personnel employed on the inking up, however, has aroused widespread concern is "towards a mechanism for regular pay increases" that statement.
Li Jianzhong believes that this phrase should be understood as "a normal wage adjustment mechanism", cannot simply be understood as "wages".
For a long time, organs and institutions is closely linked to the, and over the years, our institution's payroll over arrangements for a salary adjustment of the civil service, which is taking the same path.
My last round of wage reform of public institutions in 2006. That approach determines wage reform take fully into account all categories of staff qualifications, such as the differences in terms of, income of the institution staff and their duties, linked to job performance and practical contributions.
Since then, institutions a worker's pay, including basic salary, pay scale salary and performance-related pay, allowance and subsidies, "post promotion, salary increases and passed the examination scale wages will grow."
Li Jianzhong believes that the regulation makes clear the institution wage system and management principles, but multifaceted institution salary system reform, implementation of the regulations to have a process, with the reform of public institution classification, performance appraisal and other supporting policy implementation will progress in reform of the wage system.
Institution of social security reform or face financial challenges
The Ordinance "public institutions and their staff to participate in social insurance schemes according to law, workers shall enjoy social insurance benefits" provision, once again raised pensions "unified" reform topics.
In the view of many scholars of social security institution of social security reform is a foregone conclusion.
Li Jianzhong, reference to the institutions and their staff to participate in social insurance schemes according to law is not new, "the regulations further defined the direction and programme needs. ”
However, "the pension's merger" and how? Where does money come from? The regulations and there is no applicable provisions.
In February 2008, the State Council Executive meeting discussed and approved in principle the pilot programme of the endowment insurance system reform of institution staff, determine early pilot in 5 provinces of Shanxi, and the institutions supporting advance classification reform.
6.5 years ago this programme, reform is very clear, is divided into two steps.
First steps, first to classify institutions team, including administrative institution can be directly integrated into the departments and units, in accordance with civil service treats the operating institutions directly into an enterprise, and Enterprise endowment insurance system for docking. Ultimate object of reform is the "classified reformed institutions and their staff working in public service."
The second step, currently imposed on these people of the basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees consistent with the mode of old-age insurance system, that is, units and individuals share basic old-age insurance, in which companies pay no more than 20% of total wages personal wage proportion of 8% of wages, withheld by the unit.
Spirit smooth transition of principles, pension treatment will implemented "elderly old, new new approach"--programme implementation Qian on has retired of can enjoy original retired treatment; programme implementation Hou began payment, and payment years cumulative full 15 years of personnel, retired Hou reference enterprise mode by months to basic pension gold; for programme implementation Qian that entered institution work of "human", is by financial according to "each work a years depending on with payment a years" of principles, on behalf of one-time complement should paid premium, again reference enterprise mode meter sent pension.
In addition, the programme mentions the need to set up occupational pension, in order to improve institutions ' reform of old-age benefits. But since the programme did not give any specific measures exactly how occupational pension operations, pilot where there is no clear approach.
A case study of one of 5000 Yuan a month and workers, party after unification of pension insurance, 20% of units required to pay wages or 1000 Yuan, individuals pay 8% pay 400 Yuan. In addition, subject to occupational pension, the money may be borne by units, may also be shared by units and individuals.
Yang Yansui, Director, employment and social security research center of Tsinghua University think pension merger where money is the biggest problem, the pension system has 3 links: money, money, send money, but first these 3 links to find the money, which is the reform of institutions the greatest problem encountered, then how to determine treatment, how to deliver treatment.
"Appropriations + revenue-generating" modes of operation can be changed
Li Jianzhong has insisted for years that view is that reform of dynamical mechanism of formation is the key institution had grown accustomed to "appropriations + revenue-generating" modes of operation can be changed. "Appropriations + revenue-generating" mode in the early 90 's financial plight and result-oriented double role in hatching of market-oriented reforms, has become the most institutions of basic and routine way.
In this mode, the institution relies on subsidies to keep running on the one hand, on the other hand actively using their own resources to generate revenue from the market.
This model's biggest problem is that deviate from the fundamental goal of public institutions. To reform this pattern, promote the formation of institutions and public welfare property consistent motivation and incentive mechanisms, require resources and regulation of a double guarantee.
First, the Government should be the right of public service finances. According to the classification reform fiscal policy, public category of institution, such as compulsory education school, finance will be provided based on business need funding guarantees; public class II institutions, such as hospitals, financial characteristics according to its business and financial condition, granting financial assistance, and support it by way of purchasing services. But its strength and protection of the existing income-generating income replacement level, will have a crucial impact on reform.
In case of increase financial input, resource inputs to be appropriate public service benefits, another important safeguard measures is how to strengthen the supervision and regulating the behavior of institutions and their staff, to improve the system and effective supervision, institutions back into public service track.
For the staff of institutions, and change depending on the kind of reform is the reform incremental reform is also a reductions. "Appropriations + revenue-generating" mode is passive and helpless under the fiscal woes, they choose, whether it's sponsorship of schools charging parents fees, doctor kickbacks, labour costs or the researchers ' project, the existing financial and payroll systems, forcing them to none in the awkward position of moral and legal, so the dignity of intellectuals and face to face unprecedented challenges.
From the perspective of reform measures, as public concerns, employment rules, wages, housing, social security systems and other reforms and safeguard the rights and interests of the imperfect, to staff in institutions and relevant social groups by interests exerted great influence. Exist within the public sector, in fact the unequal distribution of resources and benefits, making them worry about their career prospects, professional human capital value and cast doubts on the meaning of public service. If you are adopting a permissive attitude on this issue, will cause damage on dynamic mechanism formed the reform would also not conducive to the healthy development of the public service.
(Original title: the reform of institutions which have also come across obstacles)
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