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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2014/7/1 8:29:41 Urban Haze will be published during the year 35 source apportionment results
Recently, Shijiazhuang, Tianjin, handed in source apportionment of smog report, released April Beijing smog source apportionment results second hand report city, Xinhua learned from the Ministry of environmental protection, Shijiazhuang, Tianjin, source apportionment report will be subject to national release.
Depending on your deployment, so far this year, Lazard's 30 provincial capital cities, as well as 5 cities are subject to publication of source apportionment of initial or periodic reports. Multi city, Hebei has not been mandatory, also active in the smog source apportionment.
Monitoring Division of the Department of environmental protection said, the next step will be announced in various cities on source apportionment based on, source apportionment of regional work.
Beijing municipal environmental monitoring station of the seven-story building, almost each laboratory used to trace sources of smog, some water is moving out of the laboratory, set aside in the hallway. Staff said, since last year started major smog source apportionment after the subject, emphasis is placed on the smog-source apportionment.
What is source apportionment of smog?
Sampling analysis launched anti-pollution sources
"Smog source apportionment" is currently the hottest jobs in terms of environmental protection departments in key Chinese cities, the full name of "source apportionment of atmospheric particulate", simply put, is to analyze the composition of atmospheric particulate matter collected against launching what sources of smog pollution caused.
On April 16 this year, Beijing officially released source apportionment of PM2.5, which regional transport contribution accounted for 28%-36%, contributions of local pollution, motor vehicle and dust, coal, industrial production accounted for 31.1%, 22.4%, and 14.3% respectively, food and beverage, automotive repair, livestock, construction coating emissions accounted for PM2.5 and other 14.1%.
Environmental Department monitoring Division Deputy Inspector Liu Shusheng introduced, last year began, national environmental system carried out has first stage atmospheric particles real source parsing of arrangements, according to deployment, requirements this year June late Qian, Beijing, and Shijiazhuang, and Tianjin three a city first announced source parsing results, this year end of Qian, except Lhasa zhiwai of 30 a capital city, plus Ningbo, and Qingdao, and Xiamen, and Shenzhen and Dalian 5 a bureaus, total 35 a city needed announced source parsing results.
Liu Shusheng frequently meet in Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and other places in the near future, he said, at present, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang have been completed and reported to the source apportionment report by the Ministry of environmental protection, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Academy of engineering jointly established three review group examining reports, pending state approval, foreign publications.
Source apportionment do?
"Precision operation" get two pie charts
For the general public, and finally release the source apportionment results mainly two pie charts, sources of PM2.5 and PM2.5 composition percentages pie chart percentage of the pie chart, and for environmental protection departments and scientists, get results just as the doctor's surgery in General, heavy workload, and does not allow for mistakes.
Beijing environment protection monitoring center within the complex, several Labs collected samples of PM2.5 components can be detected, these mostly automated instruments, like household washing machines, microwave ovens, the "Start" button, while staff in white coats, holding forceps, surgical precision to operate with various programs.
Are automated instruments, but analysis of PM2.5 composition, but was nowhere near as press "Start" key so simple.
Heavy metal constituents analysis instruments, and can put 60 "Cup", "Cup" with a sampling of films, staff will be batch testing of samples, each collective testing of 10 samples. Preheat the machine two hours after laser irradiation for 14 minutes, 10 delegates 10 days of heavy metal concentrations in the samples will be obtained. Each batch of analysis, can only do 6 samples took nearly two hours.
Last year, Beijing laid in the city's 11-point sampling, sampling every day for staff. Current source apportionment in Beijing into a regular routine work on the samples from the sampling points is located in the roof of the building, day and night recovery twice a day.
Staff of the Beijing environmental protection monitoring center, sampling, and then to analyze the different membranes, that constituents of PM2.5, and this leads to different concentrations of pollutants, be the result of "PM2.5 composition weight percent" a pie chart.
, After these concentration data must be placed in a receptor model checking formula, through digital and analog computing finally different proportions from various pollution sources, this will be the second piece of pie, known as PM2.5 sources integrated analytical results.
What is the use of source apportionment?
Seeking "culprits" emission reduction decisions
Is responsible for Tianjin and Shijiazhuang source parsing research work of Nankai University national environmental protection city environment particles real pollution control focus Laboratory Director Feng Yin factory said, source parsing is a is complex of systems engineering, needs according to different of purposes design out different of research programme, overall research series has multiple levels, combines has variety method, eventually to accurate knows city pollution of sources, also are because its complexity and systemic, its results also can think is most authority of, and can for Government emission reduction decision lay based.
But not every city must make source apportionment, "nationwide, mainly coal, industrial, four main sources of dust and motor vehicles. "Liu Shusheng said that for some cities, even if they do not do source analysis, you can very clearly know where is the problem.
"Wearing a three-foot CAP, how to cut, no problems, can't hurt his head. "He, for example, such as Shijiazhuang, a large number of cement factories, building materials factories and construction sites to these pollution sources on key management is absolutely not a problem, is not to wait until the source apportionment results to management.
However, Liu Shusheng said, source apportionment of a benefit is being able to assess the effectiveness of governance, "do you want to cut in half factories, coal-fired, I can look back on this source apportionment results good or bad, is the most economical. ”
The source apportionment results can be clearly seen from Beijing, 40 million tons of coal in the Beijing suburb had a great influence on the quality of the air, "to eliminate coal, is the most effective, and most economical approach", Liu Shusheng said.
Feng Yin also said that even the sources more clearly urban and source apportionment needed to be done, such as Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, know that cutting the coal is very important, "but the question is what kind of cuts in coal-fired, the old power plant with gas or a bulk coal cutting, which is totally different. ”
For some urban emission reduction has to some extent, and is source apportionment needed more tools to find pollution "culprits". Liu Shusheng described, the scene of the crime through fingerprints, DNA and other unique characteristics of the blood can be traced to criminal suspects, source resolution can also through the unique feature of different coal and dust back to specific sources of pollution.
Participate in source apportionment of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou Institute of geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher Wang Xinming made an analogy, "it was like war, like mobile before, knows where is the enemy, went up against can now after pollution reduction, regardless of where their enemies into street fighting. This requires the more accurate way to find the enemy. ”
As is likely to become the first to achieve the air quality of the Pearl River Delta in China cities Guangzhou, after years of emissions reduction and restructuring, haze days have gone from about 200 days to 60 days, the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter concentrations in recent years but the rate of decline slowed, "distance nearer the target, the more difficult to control," said Wang Xinming.
"Source resolution is crucial foundational links, you have to fight the enemy, holding it is a good gun, and don't know where the enemy couldn't hit. "Feng Yin said.
What's the next step?
Source apportionment of regional work
Central branch involved in the Jin Shi Yuan resolved recently Vice President Chai Fa-frequently visiting the city in Hebei province in the near future, he explained that although the Ministry does not force deployments,, xingtai, Baoding, Cangzhou, Qinhuangdao city, Hebei province, also active in source apportionment of work carried out.
Source apportionment of work requires a lot of manpower, financial and material resources. Beijing municipal environmental monitoring station imports a heavy metal analysis instrument of up to millions of dollars, analyze the need to sample several times each week, every sample analysis would cost tens of thousands of dollars, so the research cycle will take at least a year. According to the reporter, Shijiazhuang and Tianjin has spent millions of Yuan in source apportionment of work.
General environmental protection departments could hardly have enough financial and human resources for source apportionment of work, in addition, the local environmental protection Department lacks sufficient technology. At present, the local environmental protection departments are taken and source apportionment research institutions, generally by the Environmental Protection Department is responsible for sampling, research unit for analysis.
Officials said the local government enthusiasm for source apportionment of work carried out, on the one hand is to understand the sources of pollution for emission control, on the other hand, is also affected by regional transmission words, multiple reasons to consider on final examination failure.
Because of this, source apportionment of experts we will invite more foreign experts to participate in, such as the source apportionment in Beijing reporting review, participation of invited experts in Hebei and Tianjin, so that, while the source analytic reports, particularly of the content area to check, checks and balances to prevent local exaggerate the impact of zone transfers.
This reporter learned that, the preliminary estimate, the proportion of affected zone transfers, Shijiazhuang and Tianjin at around 20% to 30%.
Liu Shusheng said that source alone not only can a city do, can also be done at the regional level.
He said that next job, source apportionment of regional work to be undertaken, such as the joint experts from Chinese Academy of Sciences and Academy of engineering, comprehensive source apportionment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to a more scientific understanding of regional transport issues, in order to better carry out emission reduction and provide the basis for ecological compensation.
This Edition section/Beijing News reporter Jin Yu
(Original title: 35 Urban Haze will be published during the year "culprits")
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