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The author:(作者)qqpublished in(发表于) 2015/6/6 7:33:39 72-hour rescue five questions： why didn’t you righting the sunken ship？ ，
June 4 at 22 o'clock, from the "Orient Star" Yangtze River passenger ship capsized more than 72 hours, search and rescue work continues.
From the wreck occurred up to now, has captured the hearts of search-and-rescue work and programmes. Rescue under way consists of on-site water rescue, water rescue and search along the Yangtze River.
"There is a basic principle in salvage and rescue, is based on the field of environmental and operational conditions, programme formulation and adjustment. "Rescue and salvage of Dalian Maritime University, Professor Gong Yongjun surging on news that specific operational programmes need to make adjustments according to scene conditions.
4th, the "star of the Orient" sank front headquarters decided that from 4th 20 o'clock implementation programme of strengthening rescue and salvage the wreck. Using the ship as a whole to pull up float programme, as soon as possible a full range to troubleshoot all compartments, to search for missing persons in the shortest possible time, maximum protection of the dignity of the deceased.
4th at 22 o'clock, Ministry of transport spokesman Xu Chengguang said, due to the possibility of survivors in ship has faded, comprehensive strengthening overnight. At present, the implementation steps have been identified, He Jianzhong, Vice Minister of the Ministry took command.
1. water rescue under way is how to determine?
As an important part of field rescue, underwater rescue method is a matter of concern. For now, cutting, righting, and dive rescue programme has three into one.
Turns out, the "star of the East" crash boat rescue, divers have become the backbone of search and rescue.
June 2, 11:20, about 14 hours after the wreck, the first batch of 13 divers arrived at the scene.
That afternoon, from the Navy's North Sea fleet, East Sea fleet, and South Sea fleet, the Naval Engineering University and many army rescue force is about more than 230 people rushed to the wreck site. The rescue force is mainly composed of water, avoid risks rescue units and medical units, and including diving forces of more than 150 people, carriage of diving equipment, underwater television, color image of sonar, high frequency Imaging sonar and underwater search, cutting equipment and other specialized rescue equipment and supplies.
However, the search-and-rescue work, water speed, water turbidity, the wreck has been deformed, cabin debris, dangerous situations, many high-tech devices for ground search and rescue role is limited, only by operational divers underwater and we should keep mosquitos, it is very difficult, is basically 24 hours operation, turns into the water. In day and night in the course of search-and-Rescue Divers rescued many survivors.
3rd, the wreck site initially for two types of salvage plan, cutting damaged hull and the hull strengthening, respectively.
3rd, Xu Chengguang, spokesman of the Ministry of transport said in a press release, emergency services and mobilizing rescue and salvage experts around the country to discuss fishing programme, agreed to temporarily continue using search and rescue search and rescue divers into the water.
In response, rescue and salvage experts said search and rescue divers into the water for the most reliable and effective way to search-and-rescue. Whether it is cutting the hull or help wreck, needed in the early mobilization of crane and other related heavy equipment, and do a lot of preparation work, clear implementation process and concrete ways, ready for a long time. Meanwhile, cut compared to the hull or to help search and rescue vessels and directly into the water, is an indirect search-and-rescue paved the way, and more direct than search and rescue divers into the water. In addition to cutting the hull or help ships could cause secondary damage to the survivors, at risk. Therefore, when ships flip the sinking incident, first choice is search and rescue divers into the water, as much as possible to find survivors.
2. Why use ships pull up float programme as a whole?
According to experts, ships pull up float programme as a whole, able to troubleshoot as soon as possible with a full range of all compartments, to search for missing persons in the shortest possible time, and maximum protection of the dignity of the deceased. Professional practices and the overall strengthening of the fishing operation in line with industry practice, technology is more mature. And according to the professional assessment, the current wreck onsite wrestle the lifting capacity of the ship has been able to meet demand and floating operations, diving, salvage, salvage of the deployed nationwide, hull, ship building and other experts and technicians will provide technical support in the field of security.
According to news reports, 3rd, began regular front search hull, two 500-ton fishing vessel with a heavy steel cable through the hull, and end at the bow, a fixation on the North Shore, preventing the ship from further moves. Meanwhile, hull picked up work in progress, two 500-ton fishing ship Stern cable to bypass the hull bottom to connect, tried to rope strength hull picking up as a whole, this step is also known as "wearing heavy". Since this process can only rely on divers manually, it is very difficult.
Hull cutting work has officially begun on 3rd night. Previously, has identified three cutting point on the hull, namely air tanks, wells, first class, the three channels are more concentrated, life is more likely to survive.
Around 9 o'clock that night, cut the first air-open-class. Based on information from field command, rescue workers at the bottom of the hull front part cut a 55 cm x60 cm rectangular hole, so exploratory divers entered the cabin. Unfortunately no survivors were found, cut immediately after closure.
4th 7:20, cutting the second point first-open-class, it is regrettable that no survivors were found.
4th 8:00, rescue workers in the "Orient Star" cutting open the third hole at the end of the ship, a third cut wells were opened, and so far found no signs of life.
Meanwhile, the righting of the ship is a work in progress, 4th, has been sinking under water welding Knight 8 point is selected, the cables used to tie him around the sunken ship. After this step in order to prepare hull strengthening.
4th, bridge forces also arrived at the scene, ready to lay pontoon, facilitate the transfer and distribution of relief supplies.
At 10 o'clock that night, CCTV News said, the overall strengthening of the hull is the night is, the implementation steps have been identified, He Jianzhong, Vice Minister of the Ministry took command.
Why not righting the sunken ship earlier?
3. capsizing after the incident, many netizens said, why is it not the first time righting the sunken ship?
"When the ship capsized, the upper room is filled with water, the lower cabin air and space, living conditions, if immediately righted, the water filling in the upper to the lower, the living space in the hull will be affected. "Beijing Tiandi huatai mining engineering limited Wang Kewu surging on the news, the Chief Engineer said.
Wang Kewu said, if you will, when there is still life to survive the ship flips, can cause secondary damage, so at this point the most important thing is to keep the ship stable, survivors may have hope.
At the site to direct the rescue, Wang Chih-kang said, as the living standard 72-hour line, to do everything possible to determine the life before this; if you have 72 hours to determine no life, turn the boat over again, this is respect for life. At present, rescuers found no signs of life.
4. Why don't you cut earlier?
Bailouts in the first rescuers by tapping on the hull being trapped in the way of response, description of the hull where there are still not fully immersed by water, these spaces are known as "air pockets".
"Pockets of air can be trapped in breathing, there might be survivors. But it is not easy to determine which air holes. "Rescue and salvage of Dalian Maritime University, Professor Gong Yongjun introduction, rescue workers were not free to cut the hull so that survivors into a dangerous situation.
Industry experts said that to determine where someone might be as far as possible, where nobody has to make accurate judgments, or they may do "useless" that trapped persons could not be found after the cut. Relevant technical staff must check the passenger's construction drawings and precise cutting area and cutting position. In addition, blind cuts may hit oil storage tank and other parts, resulting in ship explosion hazards.
Why ship can float on water, one important reason is that the ship, especially the bottom of the ship still air, or air tank. If the blind hole in the bottom, the cabin after the gas leak, imbalance may result in vessel floating upside down or quickly sinking, then the entire rescue will lose its meaning.
Therefore, it must be fixed before damage to the hull, transport-related cutting equipment can also take some time. Boat deck at the bottom of a relatively hard, whether it is cutting, cutting or drilling, needs better equipment. Meanwhile, large floating crane crane ship ships were floating, floating crane weight of 250 tons. This floating crane lifting the ship into the accident takes time, takes 24-48 hours at the earliest.
5. water rescue also has the "Golden 72 hours"?
"Water rescue, unlike land rescue, water hazards with sudden intensity, such as timeliness, relief features, and the Yangtze River Cruise is all of a sudden overturning of the incident, officers rescue more difficult, and tourists on board survive small, ' Golden 72 hours ' clear time periods may not apply. "The Liberation Daily quoted an expert opinion says, because many were old people on the boat, the rescue was a race against time. The experts participated in the segment of maritime rescue and salvage.
The experts pointed out that "72-hour" Golden rescue time is according to the system time of human life, but unlike experienced disasters on land, people in most tested was in the water, "hypothermia" and "breathe" two major problems.
"People instinctively after struggling in water, but more hypothermia more quickly, a lot of people actually froze to death after the shipwreck. In the winter, if the experience in the water move, 5, 6 minutes for shock. Jianli section of Yangtze River water will not at present is low, should be around 18 degrees Celsius, good for life. ”
The expert also pointed out that due to directly overturning, rather than the side sank after a collision, water tightness of the cabin cannot be measured using conventional tourists survived mainly on the oxygen supply space so on.
Journalists surging Sun Dan
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