50 anniversary of xingtai earthquake: a pool of stand up cause of earthquake prediction
In March 1966, Zhou Enlai visited xingtai earthquake disaster area. Photo: networkToday, walk on the streets in Longyao County of xingtai city, it's hard to see the signs of earthquake in 50 years ago. Half a century later, Longyao County in the younger generation, the quake began to feel alien to many people, but for the older generation of experienced earthquake in 1966, this earthquake is indelible scars in the heart.
5:29 on March 8, 1966, the day does not come, there was a sudden bang sent the Earth began shaking violently, awakened the sleeping village, the villagers take a bunch of clothes, shoes, have to run to the outside, and countless houses collapsed instantly, mixed in with the sound of crying, collapsing. Some people are lucky to escape unscathed, some people are always buried under debris.
Longyao this is a scene at the bar when the earthquake, earthquake intensity reached the 6.8-magnitude, Epicentral intensity 9 strong. The thought of earthquakes over, life will gradually calmed, but two weeks later, another earthquake hit xingtai County, March 22, at 16:19, and ningjin County, xingtai strong 7.2-magnitude earthquake.
Xingtai city, according to government data, from March 8 to 29th in the 21-day time, xingtai area, a total of 5 earthquake of magnitude 6 or above. Longyao besides the earthquake also affected more than 60 counties.
The xingtai earthquake, affected an area of 23,000 square kilometers, destroyed more than 5 million houses and more than 2.6 million of which are severely damaged and collapsed, 8064 killed more than 38,000 people were injured, killed injured large animals more than more than 1700. Xingtai only incomplete statistics, the loss of up to more than 1 billion yuan.
Xingtai earthquake overnight in this unfamiliar city, and moved here. The xingtai earthquake occurred the next day, then-Premier Zhou Enlai immediately flew from Beijing to Shijiazhuang, the provincial party Committee after listening to the leadership of the provincial party Committee reported the White House Guest House, at 8 o'clock on the night went to Longyao, directing rescue and relief work.
In the March 10, April 1, aftershocks continued, Premier Zhou Enlai and twice to the area to see disaster, condolence mass, deploy disaster relief work, and made a series of important instructions of seismic work, and issued "self-reliance, hard work, the development of production and rebuilding homes," the call.
According to people who experienced the earthquake memories, xingtai earthquake, China has experienced three years of natural disasters, the country was almost zero. Together with the 1966 national seismological Bureau of has not been established, no earthquake prediction system, civil nor disseminate knowledge about earthquake rescue work difficult.
New China "the first shock" to the country a terrible price at the same time, also makes them acutely aware of the serious lack of understanding of the Chinese earthquake. "The earthquake has paid a high price, these costs are not in vain! "Zhou Enlai pointed out that earthquake to cling to, to get caught, perhaps prediction problem could find a clue in the quake.
Soon, the frequent aftershocks of xingtai earthquake a natural place of scientific research and experiments. Established by dozens of research units, seismic investigation team consisting of over more than 2000 scientific and technological personnel, rushed to the research of xingtai earthquake.
In April 1966, in xingtai earthquake stricken area in Malan village, not far from where national Red Hill Observatory began to build, went on to become the country's largest, most seismic observation means, cause of earthquake prediction in China officially started from here.
Xingtai earthquake occurred, entered a peak period of earthquake in North China, on March 27, 1967, the Hebei hejian 6.3 earthquake on July 18, 1969, the 7.4-magnitude earthquake in the Bohai Bay. Because of this the quake's epicenter, not far from Beijing, have sparked public security concerns.
In 1971, after 5 years the xingtai earthquake, the State Seismological Bureau was formally established as the central offices for earthquake working group, unified management of seismic work throughout the country, and later changed its name to the China earthquake administration. After the xingtai earthquake, seismic researchers hard exploration of earthquake forecasting, also made years worth of China's earthquake prediction research constantly trace back.
Today, China's earthquake prediction research on more than 50 years of history, which for half a century, China Seismological Bureau had successfully predict the haicheng, songpan and menglian three 7-magnitude earthquake, including the 1975 haicheng earthquake in densely populated, industrialized area, as earlier forecast, greatly reduced the number of casualties.
Earthquake prediction is universally recognized scientific problem, after 50 years of efforts, China earthquake forecast has made some progress, but on the whole, most earthquakes are omitted, including the 1976 Tangshan earthquake and the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, causing heavy casualties and property losses.
Time passes quickly, xingtai earthquake in the past 50 years, have experienced the grief of people's life has returned to normal, by the xingtai earthquake gave birth to Chinese earthquake prediction research continues to explore.
(Editors: Hao Long UN654)
2016-03-08 06:08:05
Interface
邢台地震50周年：血泊中站起来的地震测报事业
1966年3月，周恩来视察邢台大地震灾区。图片来源：网络 如今，走在邢台隆尧县城的街道上，已经很难看到50年前大地震留下的痕迹。时隔半个世纪，隆尧县年轻一代中，不少人对这场地震开始感到陌生，但对经历过1966年大地震的老一辈而言，这场地震是他们内心中抹不去的伤疤。
1966年3月8日5时29分，天还未亮，突然一阵巨响发出，大地开始剧烈晃动起来，惊醒了正在沉睡的村庄，村民们顾不上穿衣服、穿鞋，纷纷往屋外跑去，数不清的房屋瞬间倒塌，哭喊声、坍塌声混在一起。有些人幸运地逃过一劫，有些人却永远埋在废墟之下。
这是隆尧县马栏村在地震发生时一幕，该地震强度达到6.8级，震中强度9度强。本以为强震过去了，生活会慢慢恢复平静，但两周后，地震又袭击了邢台的另一个县，3月22日16时19分，邢台宁晋县发生7.2级强烈地震。
根据邢台市人民政府数据，从3月8日到29日这21天的时间里，邢台地区共发生了5次6级以上的地震。除了隆尧县，大地震还波及60多个县。
在邢台大地震中，受灾面积达2.3万平方公里，毁坏房屋500余万间，其中260余万间严重破坏和倒塌，8064人丧生，3.8万余人受伤，砸死砸伤大牲畜1700多头。仅邢台地区不完全统计，损失就高达10亿多元。
大地震让邢台这个曾不为人熟悉的城市一夜成名，同时也惊动了中南海。在邢台大地震发生后第二天，时任国务院总理周恩来立即从北京乘飞机赶赴石家庄，在省委白楼招待所听取了省委领导的汇报后，于当晚8点连夜奔赴隆尧县，指挥抢险救灾工作。
在其后的3月10日、4月1日，余震仍不断发生，周恩来又两次前往灾区，察看灾情、慰问群众、部署救灾工作，同时对地震工作做了一系列重要指示，并发出“自力更生、奋发图强、发展生产、重建家园”的号召。
据亲历地震的人回忆，邢台地震发生时，中国刚经历了三年自然灾害，国家几乎一穷二白。加上1966年国家还未设立地震局，没有地震预报系统，民间也没有普及地震知识，救援工作在艰难中开展。
新中国“第一震”给国家带来惨痛代价的同时，也让人们深刻意识到国人对地震的认识严重缺乏。“这次大地震付出了很大代价，这些代价不能白费！”周恩来指出，对这次地震要抓住不放，要赶快抓，也许地震预报问题能在这次地震中找出头绪。
很快，余震频繁的邢台成为了地震科学研究和实验的一个天然场所。国家成立由几十个科研单位、2000多名科技人员组成的地震综合考察队，奔赴邢台考察研究地震。
1966年4月，在离邢台大地震重灾区马栏村不远的地方，国家级红山基准地震台开始筹建，后来还一度成为全国最大、观测手段最多的地震台，中国的地震测报事业也从这里正式起步。
自邢台大地震发生后，华北地区进入了地震的高发期，1967年3月27日，河北河间发生6 .3级地震，1969年7月18日，渤海湾发生7.4级地震。由于这几次地震的震中离北京市均不远，也引发了民众对安全的担心。
1971年，在邢台大地震发生5年后，国家地震局正式设立，作为中央地震工作小组的办事机构，统一管理全国的地震工作，后来更名为中国地震局。而邢台大地震发生后，地震研究人员对地震测报的刻苦探索，也使那几年成为了值得中国地震测报研究时时追溯的时期。
如今，中国地震测报研究走过了50年的历程，这半个世纪以来，中国地震局曾成功预报了海城、松潘和孟连三个7级大地震，其中1975年海城地震发生在人口稠密、工业发达的地区，由于提前进行了预报，大大降低了伤亡人数。
地震预报是世界公认的科学难题，经过50年的努力，虽然中国地震测报事业取得了一定进展，但从总体上看，国内大多数地震还是漏报了，包括1976年唐山大地震和2008年汶川大地震，造成了惨重的人员伤亡和财产损失。
逝者如斯，邢台大地震已过去50个年头，曾经历过悲痛的人们早已恢复了平静的生活，由邢台大地震催生的中国地震测报研究仍在不断探索。
(责任编辑：郝龙 UN654)
2016-03-08 06:08:05
界面