Left-behind women's living conditions report: left | left-behind women _ with husband news
Within a year, "breaking up" section, in this women's Festival, so we will focus on left-behind women in Shaanxi Province. See how strong they, alone carry the burden of families, how to resolve the troubles of life, how to endure the pain of separation with her husband ... ... Whatever sweet, hard is not easy, during the remaining days flowed into a song, only their own taste.
As more and more people to work, left-behind women's team is also growing in a newly married daughter-in-law, and grandchildren of elderly women at home, it is understood that, by 2014, the left-behind women in rural area of Shaanxi Province about 1.214 million, 14% of women left behind in more than 10 years. During the long and lonely years left behind, they may suffer economic, physical, mental, emotional, and other aspects of the problem.
Case 1 gathered between away far more than only living child is hoping to do is take every day
39 Wang Duo remembered, most recently and her husband together, or 2015 before and after a few days of the Festival. Before the Chinese new year, the husband said, in northern Shaanxi to chat with the elderly, may not come back. Wang Duo were silent, and then hang up the phone, "I'm getting used to it, is not used, and how? ”
Wang Duo is the Tin man, and I were married for more than 10 years, and sons went to high school. Two of them when her husband worked in XI ' an, after being introduced. Wang Duo only child in the family, then her husband would walk her home. After marriage, the husband continued doing odd jobs, Wang Duo opened a sewing on the street fa?ade, a year after his son was born a enjoyable.
When the child was 5 years old, husband to an oilfield in North Shaanxi and fellow workers. Since then, Wang Duo and many of the village men, women. One of the hardships, she is also a little bit of experience. Children, parents have to take care of business, hard to say. Most King flower stand, is gossip in the neighbourhood, "one rumor, my husband ran away, don't come back! "When speaking of those, Wang Duo look somewhat bleak, she called her husband, tough to get him back. Husband came home for a few days and go, he said he came back to hit back at those who slander.
Wang Duo is also used, less two people are gathered from many, but regular calls. In recent years, calls for two little, "my analysis is in connection with age, they don't have the passion anymore, there is only life. ”
But Wang Duo's mother kept sighing, "a woman carry a beam in the House, well where to go! ”
"Do you think these women where is spring? "In the face of this problem, said Wang Duo frankly:" I, spring is over, may now come to life in the summer and fall seasons at the junction! Children is all I want, I can do now, is to take every day. ”
Case 2 was built "rear base" problem to enlighten each other not decadent face "being left behind"
Strictly speaking, leaves the women some "alternative". At first, from the mountains of Gansu province, to marry her to a village in the South of the city of XI ' an, learned a lot of the envious eyes of his classmates. Husband home houses a 7-storey, all of the more than more than 20 leased out per month rent comfortably alone. So she will exit from the workplace, becoming a housewife.
Getting married a few years ago, husband loves leaves, two people traveling almost every quarter. But happiness does not always favor her, "may be he feels dull, maybe he was out, anyway, all of a sudden there is no common language, 3 years ago, our relationship began to fade, distance couldn't have, there began to be widened by an invisible hand to. "Leaf said, even if the child was born, did not improve.
Marriage in name only, the husband filed for divorce, but she refused. "I'm well-fed, doesn't want to divorce. I admit it is very narrow. "Leaves some compassion said.
Later, she found me just as she "left-behind" women there, ran has her husband having an affair, abroad, business ... ... Anyway, the women stayed, "we're not decadent, must be actively confronted. "In early 2015, leaf built on left-behind women's micro-trust group, as group leader, she often organized group of friends engaged in outdoor activities," you have a mental problem but also enlighten each other, try to make yourself better! ”
Case 3 the husband's business failed to fight for her, and 1 year on the home in Guangzhou rear road
5 years ago, Xiao Xue followed my husband's shangluo mountain area to the Xian, her husband bought loans excavator, goes running to be demolished, or are removed on the construction site. Because children in home school, taken care of by the elderly, xiaoxue dedicated husband logistics work, to prepare hot water on his feet, ready meals to send to the site, and so on. Xian years, excavators are also very profitable, a site can make one hundred thousand or two hundred thousand. Easy money, her husband began to "consume", not only to bath Center, even package a KTV room.
In these two years, the excavator business gradually cool, excavator idle at least 20 days a month. Her husband's mood or depression. "Often drink outside, night without end. "In early 2015, husband excavator was sold, and the villagers went to Guangzhou, said want to partner a logistics or something. Upon leaving Xiao Xue said, let her live in the village, he had settled there for her in the past. This class is more than a year, her husband was one of the reasons not to let her past, she had to return to shangluo.
"My husband took me into the city, I feel very happy, but happy time is always short, 3 years later, I was on the left of the road. "While smiling, but Xiao Xue's face still showing it is difficult to cover up embarrassment.
Most of the land in the mountains of returning farmland to forests, farm work is not much. Xiao Xue said, embarrassed to be from psychological and physiological, psychological insecurity felt lonely. On the question of, she felt depressed.
≫> focus on care
Province's 58% village, where the women form a mutual aid group to transfer from energy cooperation to the spiritual support
Women left in rural areas is a serious concern and caring group, also have introduced care policies. County, Yulin city, door-to-door investigation to understand, set up ledger and ledger left behind women and children, lists the key supporting object. Shiquan County worked out "women protection services", to strengthen management of the care work, solve their practical problems in production and life.
Shaanxi Provincial women's Federation in the province launched a "women's home" demonstration activities, women's federations at all levels to "women's home" as the backing, provides legal advocacy, skills training for rural women, rights, maintenance of emotional, cultural and sports activities, psychological counselling, and other services. Explore the establishment of support groups for rural women, and strive to help each other on the production, their mutual support and rely on each other each other, safe care.
At present, the province's 58% village, where the women set up a left-behind women's mutual-aid teams, 70% women think it has played a positive role. By creating multiple mutual assistance mechanisms, make women merely energy cooperation on the spirit of mutual support, "broken home" into a "harmonious people", left-behind women from "House Lady" to "family". (To protect privacy, and figures in the text are not his real name) Chinese business newspaper qingrongbo
In fact, women are not the mountains or countryside, around Xian abound. XI women's federations according to the latest statistics, at present, the rural left-behind women 40157 people in XI ' an city, six rare, most concentrated in Lam Tin, Lintong, zhouzhi, yanliang district, the most of any in Lam Tin, 18000 people, accounting for 44.8% of the city, followed by the Lintong, 10870, 27%. In addition, 2012 total number 23553 people of Xian City's left-behind women in rural areas, more than two years increased by 1.7 times.
Apart from some because of age or poor health lost the ability to work, 72.6% of the left-behind women not subjective free, mainly to home care for the elderly, children, and farming, and the 21% of the left-behind women have left behind more than 10 years.
XI ' an city, Union rights and interests Department officials said, left-behind women age structure of the old approach, low education level. 90% rural women over 35 years of age, which accounted for over 45 years of 75%. More than 85% for the lower secondary and below education, age and educational level is inversely proportional.
Surveys also show the Department of Shaanxi Provincial women's Federation interests, 45% of women represents the skills gap, are in need of practical technical training. Most left-behind women free time mostly watching TV, playing mahjong playing cards, chatting with neighbors. 41% of women said lack of parenting knowledge, do not know how to educate their children, to children's education and culture mainly in terms of food and clothing. 37% women engaged in domestic work, agricultural production, and don't have the time and energy to educate children, unable to carry out effective education and supervision.
Due to the causes of women and economy, thus corresponding to the economic level of the phenomenon of the distribution: the city around economically relatively less developed counties; far from urban areas, poor economic development district, women remain a relatively significant amount.
Xian 65% women with two or more children, 91.3% of the left-behind women have to support the elderly, family burden, 93% the principal source of income by husband migrant and farm incomes at home. The poor majority, 52.1% family households with incomes of less than 10,000 yuan.
Stress is also a problem of left-behind women in Shaanxi Province. Xian-China Women's Federation survey data shows that 74% of the left-behind women "basically able to or can afford". But some of the women who remain at home lack of someone to talk to, always worried about your family good health, whether the husband Security Affairs, family income, and so on, causing mental stress, lack of security, 91% means "often or sometimes feel lonely and helpless."
In addition, women suffer sexual harassment and sexual assault incidents have also occurred.
Near as districts in XI ' an city, coupled with the Shaanxi people tradition, a province not much work, left-behind women's husband 90% is working in the County and city work locations closer to almost a month or half a year, the longest can go home once a year.
Since most women remain dominated by old, couples living entered a period of stability, and basically a month or half a year, up to one year can meet 94.6% women couples relationship satisfaction. Causes of sexual repression, extramarital affairs and other issues not as prominent as other parts of the country, but 2009 95% satisfaction rate, has fallen by 0.4%, showing this couples together far more separated from life is to some extent affected the stability of marriage, which is reflected in the small part of the left-behind women's husbands working outside during an extramarital affair.
Responsible editor: Chen yan SN225
Article keywords:Left-behind women
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留守妇女生活状况报告：与丈夫之间只剩生活|留守妇女_新闻资讯
又到一年“3·8”节，在这个属于妇女的节日里，让我们将目光聚焦在陕西的留守妇女身上。看看坚强的她们，如何独自扛起家庭的重担，如何化解生活的烦恼、如何忍受与丈夫的分离之苦……不管甜蜜温馨，还是艰辛不易，都在留守的岁月里流淌成一首只有她们独自品味的歌。
随着外出打工的人越来越多，留守妇女的队伍也在不断壮大，有刚结婚的小媳妇，也有在家照看孙子的中老年妇女，据了解，截至2014年，陕西省的农村留守妇女约121.4万，其中14%的妇女留守时间在10年以上。在漫长而孤独的留守岁月里，她们可能遭遇经济、身体、精神、情感等各个方面的问题。
案例1 聚少离多 两人之间只剩生活孩子是希望 能做的是从容面对每一天
39岁的王朵记得，最近一次和丈夫在一起，还是2015年中秋节的前后几天。今年春节前，丈夫说，想在陕北陪陪老人，可能赶不回来了。王朵一阵沉默，然后就挂断了电话，“我已经习惯了，不习惯，又能怎样？”
王朵是蓝田人，和丈夫结婚也有十几年了，如今儿子也上了高中。两人是丈夫来西安打工时，经人介绍认识的。因为王朵是家里独女，后来丈夫便入赘她家。婚后，丈夫继续打零工，王朵在街道上开了个缝补的门面，一年后儿子出生，一家其乐融融。
孩子5岁时，丈夫和老乡一起到陕北一家油田打工。从那以后，王朵和很多同村人一样，成了留守妇女。其中的艰辛，她也在一点点体会着。孩子、父母都得照顾，还要做生意，辛苦自不必说。最让王朵受不了的，是邻里的流言蜚语，“有人传言，我丈夫跑了，不回来了！”说起这些时，王朵的神情有些黯淡，她给丈夫打电话，态度强硬地让他回来。丈夫回来待了几天又走了，他说自己回来是为了回击一下那些流言。
渐渐王朵也习惯了，两人虽然聚少离多，但也经常打电话。最近几年，两人的电话也少了，“我分析是和年龄有关系，两人不再有当初的激情了，有的只是生活。”
但王朵的母亲却不停地在叹息，“一个女的挑着家里的大梁，能好到哪儿去！”
“你觉得留守妇女的春天在哪里？”面对这个问题，王朵很坦然地说：“我的春天已经过完了，现在可能到了生命的夏秋交界时节！孩子是我全部的希望，我现在所能做的，就是从容地度过每一天。”
案例2 建“留守群”遇问题互相开导不颓废 积极面对“被留守”
从严格意义上讲，叶子这个留守妇女有些“另类”。当初，她从甘肃山区嫁到西安城南一个城中村，收获了很多同学们的羡慕的眼神。老公自家房盖了7层高，二十多间全部都出租了出去，每月仅靠房租就衣食无忧。于是，她便从职场退出，成为了一名家庭妇女。
结婚前几年，丈夫很爱叶子，俩人几乎每个季度都会外出旅游。可幸福并未一直眷顾她，“或许是他觉得枯燥了，或许是他在外面有人了，反正突然就没有共同语言了，3年前我们的关系开始变淡，距离都不敢有，一有就不断地被一只无形的手给拉大。”叶子说，即使孩子的诞生，也没能改善。
婚姻名存实亡，丈夫提出离婚，但被她拒绝了。“我衣食无忧，不想离婚。我承认自己很狭隘。”叶子有些悲悯地说。
后来，她发现身边和她一样的“留守”妇女还有很多，有老公外遇跑了的、出国的、创业的……反正就是把女人们留了下来，“我们也不能颓废，必须积极地面对。”2015年初，叶子建了个留守妇女的微信群，作为群主，她经常组织群友们进行户外活动，“大家有个啥心理问题还能互相开导一下，尽量让自己好起来嘛！”
案例3 丈夫生意失败去广州打拼她等1年多踏上回乡留守路
5年前，晓雪跟着丈夫从商洛山区来到西安，丈夫贷款买了挖掘机，每天奔波于各个待拆或正在拆的建筑工地上。因为孩子留在老家上学，由老人照看，晓雪就全心全意为丈夫做好后勤保障工作，给准备热水洗脚啊，做好饭菜给送到工地上等等。来西安的那几年，挖掘机还是很赚钱的，一个工地下来能赚一二十万。觉得赚钱容易，丈夫就开始各种“消费”，不光去洗浴中心，甚至还包了一个KTV包间。
这两年，挖掘机生意逐渐冷淡，挖掘机一个月至少有20天闲着。丈夫的情绪也消沉了下来。“经常在外面喝酒，夜不归宿。”2015年年初，丈夫将挖掘机卖了，和老乡去了广州，说是想合伙办个物流什么的。临走时给晓雪说，让她先住城中村里，他在那边安顿好了让她再过去。这一等就是一年多，丈夫总是各种理由不让她过去，她只好回了商洛。
“丈夫把我带进城，我觉得很幸福，但幸福的时光总是短暂的，3年后，我也踏上了留守的路。”尽管微笑着，但晓雪的脸色仍然流露出难以掩饰的尴尬。
山区的土地大多退耕还林了，农活并不多。晓雪说，尴尬是来自心理和生理，心理上缺乏安全感，觉得孤独。在性的问题上，她也觉得压抑。
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全省58%留守妇女所在村成立互助组 由体力合作向精神支撑转变
农村留守妇女是个亟待关注和关爱的群体，各地也纷纷出台关爱政策。榆林市逐户排查了解，建立留守妇女儿童情况台账和工作台账，列出重点帮扶对象。石泉县制定出“留守妇女管护服务办法”，有针对性地加强关爱管护工作，切实解决她们在生产生活中的实际问题。
陕西省妇联在全省开展了“妇女之家”示范点创建活动，各级妇联组织以“妇女之家”为依托，为农村留守妇女提供法律宣传、技能培训、权益维护、文体活动、心理咨询、情感关爱等服务。探索建立农村妇女互助小组，努力做到生产上相互帮助、生活上相互扶持、情感上相互依靠、安全上相互关照。
目前，全省有58%的留守妇女所在村成立了留守妇女互助组，70%的留守妇女认为其发挥了积极作用。通过建立多重互助机制，使留守妇女由单纯体力上的合作变成精神上的相互支撑，把“残缺的小家”变成“和谐的大家”，使留守妇女由“看家妇”变成“当家人”。（为保护隐私，文中人物皆为化名） 华商报记者 卿荣波
事实上，留守妇女并不是山区或农村才有，西安周边也大量存在。西安市妇联的最新统计数据显示，目前，西安市农村留守妇女共有40157人，城六区数量很少，大多数集中在蓝田、临潼、周至、阎良等区县，最多的是蓝田，达18000人，占全市的44.8%，其次为临潼，10870人，占27%。此外，2012年西安全市农村留守妇女总人数23553人，两年增1.7倍多。
除部分因年龄大、身体不好丧失劳动能力外，72.6%的留守妇女并非主观自愿，主要是要在家照顾老人、孩子和种地，且21%的留守女性已留守10年以上。
西安市妇联权益部相关负责人介绍说，留守妇女的年龄结构偏向中老年化，文化程度低。农村留守妇女90%年龄在35岁以上，其中45岁以上的占75%。85%以上的为初中及以下学历，年龄与受教育程度呈反比。
陕西省妇联权益部调查也显示，45%的留守妇女表示生产技能欠缺，极需相关实用技术培训。多数留守妇女空闲时间主要是看电视、打麻将打牌、与邻居聊天。41%的留守妇女表示缺乏家教知识，不懂如何教育子女，对孩子的教育和培养主要表现在吃饭穿衣上。37%的妇女因忙于家务劳动、农业生产，没有时间和精力教育孩子，无法实施有效教育与监管。
由于留守妇女的形成原因与经济密切相关，因此分布也呈现与经济水平对应的现象：城区周边经济发展较好的区县相对少；距城区较远、经济发展较差的区县，留守妇女数量相对较多。
西安65%的留守妇女家有两个及两个以上小孩，91.3%的留守妇女还要赡养老人，家庭负担重，93%的家庭主要经济来源靠丈夫外出务工和自己在家务农收入。贫困者居多，52.1%家庭年收入在1万元以下。
精神压力过大也是陕西省留守妇女存在的一个问题。西安市妇联的调研数据显示，74%的留守女性表示“基本能承受或完全可以承受”。但部分留守妇女在家中缺乏倾诉对象，总担心家人身体健康、丈夫在外是否安全、是否有外遇、家庭经济收入等，造成精神压力大，缺乏安全感，91%表示“经常或偶尔感到孤独无助”。
此外，留守妇女遭受性骚扰和性侵犯的事件也时有发生。
由于西安市各区县距离市区比较近，加上受陕西人传统观念影响，出省打工的不多，留守妇女的丈夫90%是在本县和市区打工，打工地点离家比较近，基本上可以一个月或半年，最长一年就能回家一次。
由于留守妇女大多以中老年为主，夫妻生活进入稳定期，加上基本上一个月或半年，最长一年就能见面，94.6%的留守妇女表示对夫妻关系满意。因性导致的性压抑、婚外情等问题没有全国其他地区那么突出，但相对2009年95%的满意率来说，已经下降了0.4%，表明这种夫妻聚少离多的分居生活还是一定程度上影响了婚姻稳定，这主要表现在少部分留守妇女的丈夫在外打工期间出现婚外恋。
责任编辑：陈琰 SN225
文章关键词： 留守妇女
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