Director of the State administration of cultural heritage: heritage will be established lifelong protection responsibility investigation system
Director of the State cultural relics Bureau Liu Yuzhu. Oriental IC data The State Council recently issued the guidelines on further strengthening the work (hereinafter referred to as the views).
The opinions and carry out the spirit of reform and innovation, and highlights the issues surrounding current heritage work exists puts the stick, is a programmatic document to guide cultural relics in the new era. For the implementation of the responsibility to protect, develop cultural relics protection remedies, how to ensure their safety under the premise of expanding the utilization of cultural relics and other topics, Director of the State cultural relics Bureau Liu Yuzhu March 8, answered Xinhua′s questions.
Q: the views: what is the background? To advance the cause of heritage development in what sense?
Answer: the "Twelve-Five" especially since 18 of the party since the cultural relics in China has made remarkable achievements, but also face cultural relics protection responsibilities has not fully complied with, unmovable cultural relics lost accelerated, heritage resource problems such as role play, the urgent need to take effective measures to solve them. In this context, on behalf of the State Council issued a policy document on further strengthen the work related to cultural relics, is both necessary and timely.
Views in the scientific practice of cultural relics in recent years based on the outstanding problems about current work related to cultural relics and break down institutional obstacles affecting development of cultural relics, made some hard measures. Full run through insist on public property, insist on serving the overall situation, persist in reform and innovation, adhere to the basic principles of law, is a programmatic document to guide cultural relics in the new era.
Q: the general idea and main contents of the opinions are there?
Answer: the opinions and stick to "rational use, protection, rescue first, strengthen management" approach, digging and system analysis of cultural connotation and value of cultural relics, and earnestly protecting development, in the development of protection.
The opinion is divided into seven parts, namely significance, General requirements, clear responsibilities, and focus on protection, expand, strict law enforcement, and improve safety. Among them, the first two part revolves around strengthening the work of the importance, urgency and the guiding ideology, basic principles and main objectives of the work related to cultural relics in the new era commenced five sections around practical initiatives to strengthen relics work expanded, covering 24 policy measures.
Q: the opinions and the establishment of "responsibility" chapter, meaning what?
A: the views put forward, to work as local heritage leadership and comprehensive evaluation of leading cadres of the important references. This article needs further quantitative assessment index system of work related to cultural relics. As a supporting measure, the views of justice by establishing and perfecting the responsibility to protect cultural relics assessment mechanisms, heritage status to this administrative area once a year to evaluate, identify problems and corrective actions. According to the relevant content of the cultural relics protection law, the opinion also stressed the strict accountability, one of the highlights of the new establishment of responsibility investigation system for life to be protected. This article embodies the idea of the times, referring to areas such as environmental protection, to meet the new requirements of governing the country according to law.
Q: emphasis on "focus on protecting" what hard measures?
A: one is the protection of immovable cultural relics, but to emphasize rescue protection, but also strengthening daily maintenance inspection and monitoring, attention to repairs, reduced major repairs. B is the urbanization of Central Working Conference, strengthening urban-rural development in the protection of cultural relics, which highlight the strict implementation of the law on cultural relics protection, infrastructure in the archaeological survey, exploration, exploitation and conservation work, do a match, improve timeliness. Third, using platforms such as public welfare funds, take society to raise financing, maintenance of unmovable cultural relics protection this is the private property right innovation of financial aid problems, we will authorize China Heritage Fund this year to carry out related work. Four is to enhance heritage conservation planning with regard to implementation, the views on the heritage preservation into urban and rural planning Act was refined, offered to members of the Administrative Department for cultural relics as a decision-making mechanism of urban and rural planning coordination units, in accordance with the "rules" requirement, inclusion will be relevant to conservation planning in the urban and rural planning. Five are relative to past policies paper, views will strengthen the protection of movable cultural relics is an important part of this is in response to the new situation and an important measure to respond to community concerns, also insisted the rescue and prevention protection combined. Six is to encourage community participation in cultural relics protection, concerning the social power of voluntary funding, conservation and renovation of county-level cultural relic protection units and has not yet been approved and announced as a cultural relic protection units of unmovable cultural relics, law and rules without changing the ownership of the premise, given the use of the term.
Q: national heritage sign on the sound system, how to do dynamic management?
A: national heritage sign system was established by the national heritage resource management survey, identification, registration and monitoring mechanisms. In 2012, the first time national notice of movable archaeological survey on establishing and perfecting the heritage log record system and cultural relics protection system requirements also made clear in the draft amendment to the law on protection of cultural relics stipulates that to establish a national heritage sign system. In our view, on the basis of the survey of cultural artifacts over the years, establish a sound national heritage sign system, already have good basic conditions. Next, the National Heritage Board will rely on the first national movable cultural relics survey, developed login system framework, to prepare system, login management measures are formulated, and gradually establish and perfect the heritage sign industry bodies and personnel. End of the Census under the login system requires, establish national heritage resource list and data repository.
Q: develop cultural relics protection remedies, for which groups? How does it work?
A: currently, extremely uneven distribution of heritage resources, heritage resources in densely populated areas to protect the pressure overwhelmed, relying on his efforts to protect the mission, also affect the local economic and social development. Especially underground burial relics-rich provinces such as Shaanxi, Henan, Xian, Anyang, Luoyang and Kaifeng, Yangzhou and other great sites of dense cities have similar problems. For this, the local appeal and hoped that countries enact policies, citizens, legal persons, social organization resulting from the obligation to protect the legitimate rights and interests arising from the performance of cultural relics damaged or restricted for a certain economic compensation. Views proposed research developed heritage protection compensation approach, exploration on heritage resources intensive district of financial support way, in land replacement, and volume rate compensation, aspects give policy tilt, to solution heritage intensive area heritage protection funds shortage, and land replacement problem and volume rate limit, problem, ease heritage protection and economic development of huge pressure, let local people also can enjoy to heritage protection brings of results. Due to this policy involving multiple interests, we will fully consult experts, scholars, social groups and social views of the public, particularly residents in the densely populated areas of cultural relics, and actively and steadily implemented.
Q: the premise of how to ensure their safety, expanding the reasonable and appropriate utilization of cultural relics, the cultural relics to better serve economic and social development needs?
A: the rational use of heritage is an important aspect of the work. The opinions and put forward concrete initiatives to expand the use, in particular the adapt to the current economic development in the new normal, ink pens and propose to develop cultural and creative industries, expanding lead cultural consumption, foster new cultural forms, adapted to the needs of current developments and the economic and social development, fully embodies the heritage work, serve the overall situation, the basic principles of reform and innovation.
Of course, the expanding use of cultural relics is not the principle of laissez-faire. Fully absorb the opinion in utilization of cultural relics in the past improperly, when issues such as lessons, stressed the need for reasonable use, are in favour of any cultural relics have been put forward for the protection of cultural relics, and aim to serve the public, and to highlight the heritage and cultural values-oriented, not contrary to law and public morality is the bottom line.
In its work on promoting the rational use of cultural relics, the State Bureau of cultural relics is the macro-management of rule-making role played by, these two years have been celebrities, industrial heritage, architecture and other types of cultural relics, has issued guidelines for the protection and utilization, in practice guide. Next, we will study and formulate relevant measures, strict requirements on the use of procedures, systems of cultural relics, firmly prevent the use of the cultural relics from being damaged in the process, further develop the public welfare property of heritage.
(Editors: Liu Cheng UN649)
2016-03-09 11:08:03
Surging
国家文物局局长：将建立文物保护责任终身追究制
国家文物局局长刘玉珠。东方IC 资料 日前，国务院印发了《关于进一步加强文物工作的指导意见》（以下简称《意见》）。
《意见》贯彻改革创新精神，围绕当前文物工作存在的突出问题提出了硬性措施，是指导新时期文物工作的纲领性文件。针对落实文物保护责任、制定文物保护补偿办法、如何在确保文物安全的前提下拓展文物合理利用等话题，国家文物局局长刘玉珠3月8日回答了新华社记者的提问。
问：《意见》的出台背景是什么？对新时期推动文物事业发展具有哪些意义？
答：“十二五”以来特别是党的十八大以来，我国文物事业取得了显著成绩，但也面临着文物保护责任尚未完全落实、不可移动文物消失加快、文物资源作用发挥不够等问题，亟须采取有力措施加以解决。在这一背景下，以国务院名义出台一个关于进一步加强文物工作的政策性文件，既是必要的，也是适时的。
《意见》在科学总结近年来文物工作实践的基础上，围绕当前文物工作存在的突出问题，着眼破除影响文物事业发展的体制机制障碍，提出了一些硬性措施。全篇贯穿坚持公益属性、坚持服务大局、坚持改革创新、坚持依法管理的基本原则，是指导新时期文物工作的纲领性文件。
问：《意见》的总体思路和主要内容有哪些？
答：《意见》坚持“保护为主、抢救第一、合理利用、加强管理”的工作方针，深入挖掘和系统阐发文物所蕴含的文化内涵和时代价值，切实做到在保护中发展，在发展中保护。
《意见》共分为七部分，即重要意义、总体要求、明确责任、重在保护、拓展利用、严格执法、完善保障。其中，前两部分围绕加强文物工作的重要性、紧迫性和新时期文物工作的指导思想、基本原则和主要目标展开；后五部分围绕加强文物工作的切实举措展开，涵盖24个方面的政策措施。
问：《意见》设立“明确责任”专章，意义何为？
答：《意见》明确提出，要把文物工作作为地方领导班子和领导干部综合考核评价的重要参考。这一条需要我们进一步量化文物工作的考核指标体系。作为配套措施，《意见》提出建立健全文物保护责任评估机制，每年对本行政区域的文物保存状况进行一次检查评估，发现问题及时整改。根据《文物保护法》的有关内容，《意见》还强调了严格责任追究，其中一大亮点就是新增建立文物保护责任终身追究制。这一条体现了与时俱进的思想，借鉴了环境保护等领域，适应全面依法治国的新要求。
问：强调“重在保护”提出哪些硬举措？
答：一是对不可移动文物保护，除了继续强调开展抢救性保护，还要加强文物日常养护巡查和监测保护，重视岁修，减少大修。二是按照中央城镇化工作会议精神，提出加强城乡建设中的文物保护，既突出严格执行文物保护法，也做好基本建设中的考古调查、勘探、发掘和文物保护工作，搞好配合，提高时效。三是提出利用公益性基金等平台，采取社会募集等方式筹措资金，这是解决私人产权不可移动文物保护维修资金补助问题的创新之举，今年我们将委托中国文物保护基金会开展相关工作。四是在加强文物保护规划编制实施方面，《意见》对《文物保护法》规定的纳入城乡规划进行了细化，提出将文物行政部门作为城乡规划协调决策机制成员单位，按照“多规合一”的要求，将文物保护规划相关内容纳入城乡规划。五是相对于以往的政策性文件，《意见》将加强可移动文物保护作为重要一环，这是因应新形势、回应社会关切的重要举措，同样坚持抢救保护和预防保护相结合。六是鼓励社会参与文物保护，提出对社会力量自愿投入资金保护修缮市县级文物保护单位和尚未核定公布为文物保护单位的不可移动文物的，可依法依规在不改变所有权的前提下，给予一定期限的使用权。
问：关于健全国家文物登录制度，怎样做好动态管理？
答：国家文物登录制度是国家针对文物资源管理建立的调查、认定、登记和监测机制。2012年国务院《关于开展第一次全国可移动文物普查的通知》对建立健全文物登录备案机制和文物保护体系提出了要求；《文物保护法》修订草案中也明确规定，要建立国家文物登录制度。我们认为，在多年来文物普查的基础上，建立健全国家文物登录制度，已经具备了较好的基础条件。下一步，国家文物局将依托第一次全国可移动文物普查，制定登录制度建设的整体框架，编制相关制度体系，制定登录管理办法，逐步建立健全文物登录行业机构和人才队伍。普查结束后将按照登录制度要求，建立国家文物资源总目录和数据资源库。
问：制定文物保护补偿办法，针对哪些群体？如何操作？
答：现阶段，我国文物资源分布极不平衡，文物资源密集地区的保护压力不堪重负，依靠一己之力难以承担保护任务，也影响到当地经济社会的发展。特别是陕西、河南等地下埋藏文物丰富的省份，西安、安阳、洛阳、开封、扬州等大遗址密集分布的城市都存在着类似问题。对此，有关地方发出呼吁，希望国家出台相关政策，对公民、法人、社会组织因履行文物保护义务而造成合法权益受损或受限的给予一定经济补偿。《意见》提出研究制定文物保护补偿办法，探索对文物资源密集区的财政支持方式，在土地置换、容积率补偿等方面给予政策倾斜，以期解决文物密集地区文物保护资金短缺、土地置换问题和容积率限制等问题，缓解文物保护与经济发展的巨大压力，让当地民众也能享受到文物保护带来的成果。由于这项政策涉及多方利益，我们会充分征求专家学者、社会团体和社会公众特别是文物密集区内居民的意见，积极稳妥地实施。
问：如何在确保文物安全的前提下，拓展文物的合理适度利用，使文物更好地服务经济社会发展需要？
答：合理利用是文物工作的重要方面。《意见》对拓展利用提出了具体举措，特别是适应当前经济发展新常态，浓墨重笔地提出要大力发展文博创意产业，扩大引导文化消费，培育新型文化业态，适应了当前形势发展和经济社会发展的需要，充分体现了文物工作服务大局、改革创新的基本原则。
当然，拓展文物利用并不是无原则的放任不管。《意见》充分吸取以往文物利用中出现的不当、过当等问题的教训，强调要合理适度利用，提出了任何文物利用都要以有利于文物保护为前提，以服务公众为目的，以彰显文物历史文化价值为导向，以不违背法律和社会公德为底线。
在推动文物合理利用工作中，国家文物局发挥的是规则制定者的宏观管理角色，这两年已经针对名人故居、工业遗产、乡土建筑等文物类型，出台了保护利用导则，在实践中积极引导。下一步，我们将研究制定相关配套措施，对文物利用作出程序、制度上的严格规定，坚决防止在利用过程中对文物造成破坏，进一步发挥文物的公益属性。
(责任编辑：刘盛钱 UN649)
2016-03-09 11:08:03
澎湃