Economist Huang Fangyi: allocation of part of the State-owned assets for pension | | floating population of migrant workers _ news
CPPCC National Committee member Huang Fangyi, economic scholars. Figure/CFP

CPPCC National Committee member Huang Fangyi, economic scholars, concerned pensions for ten consecutive years, and promote the reform of the pension system. The two sessions this year, he continued to focus on pension issues, it is recommended that part of the allocation of State-owned assets into securities, and recommended to break the limit of the social security system, a unified system.

　　Enterprise employees and civil service pensions are still the "identity gap"

The Beijing News: you've been focusing on pensions, what proposals have been submitted this year?

Huang Fangyi: employee pension issue, I mentioned a total of 10 years in a row. Now state employee pensions has increased dramatically, and I think I did my best. I'm old, more than 70 years old. So the two proposals made this year is about old-age pensions and educated youth.

The Beijing News: you've mentioned before, our pension "dual system", enterprise employees and civil service pensions are very different. Move this thing for so many years, the current situation?

Huang Fangyi: now "dual" problem also is no solution, but from volume of angle view, 2004 I just mention pension problem Shi, Enterprise workers of pension each months average only seven hundred or eight hundred Yuan, Beijing slightly high also only 1000 Yuan more points; and now, Beijing of workers pension monthly reached more than 3,000 more Yuan has, other place also has 2000 Yuan around, certainly prices also in rose. But then again, if we do not advance pension reforms, prices, pensions alone are not up, the situation is even worse?

In General, the situation still makes me very pleased.

The Beijing News: whether you had expected?

Huang Fangyi: I didn't want to have specific objectives or measured. But always better than not at all. Enterprise employees and civil service pensions "capacity gap" problem is not completely solved, but employee treatment have greatly improved.

　　Can be allocated to social security fund part of State-owned assets

The Beijing News: you mentioned before, the State-owned assets to pension.

Huang Fangyi: because the current pension has a large "gap", this "gap" if workers and retirees to pay, are not realistic. In my opinion, is the State-owned assets should be used. State-owned assets were accumulated for a long time people's assets, workers are old, should take out this part of the financial part to them, this makes sense.

The Beijing News: How does it work?

Huang Fangyi: many solutions, overall allocation, part of State-owned assets in the funds allocated to social security; can also be based on the existing social security fund.

States should take it as a cut, set aside some money, and not recompense out again to the passive processing. In General, the need to come up with a "block" of State-owned assets to fill the pension shortfall.

The Beijing News: pension extraction and payment difficulties are also a problem in other place now, what do you suggest?

Huang Fangyi: Yes, this is a big problem. Pensions, Medicare has to unify, realize different extraction should not have because of the geographical differences.

Current network systems and technologies should be available to support, the key is the formulation and implementation of policies.

The Beijing News: deputies mentioned the off-site transfer of pensions of migrant workers, in your opinion, is it necessary for population groups, such as the establishment of special protection systems?

Huang Fangyi: current pension off-site transfer difficult problem, not just migrant workers and many retirees are also facing this problem. Some workers used to work in other cities, old returned to Beijing by rights should be given treatment in Beijing, but can't read, and so on. I think that there should be no such restrictions, should break the geographical boundaries to establish uniform security standards and systems.

　　Press the memory

Low replacement rate of old-age insurance

At present, the low replacement rate of old-age insurance, pension replacement rate is the pension level and the percentage of pre-retirement income. Current employee is 40%, which, according to the International Labour Organization minimum replacement rate should be 55%, China has less than the international warning line. Meanwhile, China's present social security investment accounts for only financial expenditure 7.5%, well below Germany's 55.5%, United States 30.2%.

The Beijing News reporter Li TINGTING

Responsible editor: Wang Hao

Article keywords:
Migrant floating population

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经济学家黄方毅：划拨部分国有资产用于养老金|农民工|流动人口_新闻资讯
全国政协委员、经济学者黄方毅。图/CFP

　　全国政协委员、经济学者黄方毅，连续十年关注养老金问题，并推动了养老金制度的改革。今年两会，他继续关注养老金问题，建议将国有资产划拨一部分进入社保金，并建议打破社保系统的地区限制，建立统一系统。

　　企业职工和公务员养老金仍有“身份差距”

　　新京报：你一直都在关注养老金问题，今年都提交了哪些提案？

　　黄方毅：企业职工的养老金问题，我连续提了10年。现在国家的职工养老金已大幅度增加，我觉得我尽力了。我也老了，70岁了。所以今年提的两个提案，是关于养老和知青养老方面的。

　　新京报：之前你提到过，我国的养老金存在“双轨制”，企业职工和公务员的养老金有很大差距。推进这件事情这么多年，目前的情况如何？

　　黄方毅：现在“双轨制”问题还是没有解决，但从量的角度来看，2004年我刚提养老金问题时，企业职工的养老金每个月平均只有七八百元，北京略高也只有1000元多点；而现在，北京的职工养老金每月达到3000多元了，其他地方也有2000元左右，当然物价也在上涨。但话说回来，如果我们不推进养老金改革，光是物价涨、养老金不涨，情况不更糟吗？

　　总的来说，现在的状况还是让我很欣慰的。

　　新京报：是否达到了你当初的预期？

　　黄方毅：我当时并没想过具体的目标，也没有衡量预期。但是提总归比不提好。如今企业职工和公务员的养老金“身份差距”问题虽然没有彻底解决，但是企业职工的待遇有很大的提升。

　　可把部分国有资产资金划拨给社保

　　新京报：你之前提过将国有资产用于养老金。

　　黄方毅：因为目前养老有个大“缺口”，这个“缺口”如果在职职工和退休职工来缴纳，都不现实。我认为，还是应该使用国有资产。国有资产是长时间的积累形成的全民所有的资产，职工年老了，应该把这部分财政拿出来一部分给他们，这合情合理。

　　新京报：具体如何操作？

　　黄方毅：解决办法很多，可以整体性划拨，把国有资产中的一部分资金划拨到社保中；也可以基于目前已经有的社保基金。

　　国家应该把这件事作为一个切口，留出这样一部分资金，而不是等将来万一出了事儿再去被动处理。总的来说，需要拿出一大“块”国有资产来补上养老金的缺口。

　　新京报：现在养老金异地提取、缴纳困难也是一个问题，你有何建议？

　　黄方毅：对，这是很大的问题。养老金、医保都要统一起来，实现异地提取，不应该因为地域而有差别。

　　目前的网络系统和技术应该可以提供支撑，关键是政策的制定和落实。

　　新京报：有人大代表提到了关于农民工的养老金异地流转问题，在你看来，是否需要为流动人口等群体建立特殊的保障系统？

　　黄方毅：目前养老金确实存在已在异地流转困难的问题，不只是农民工，很多退休职工也面临这个问题。有的职工以前在其他城市工作，老了回到北京，按理说应给予北京的待遇，但却面临看不了病等问题。我认为，不应该有这种限制，应该打破地域界限，建立统一的社保标准和系统。

　　新闻内存

　　我国养老保险替代率过低

　　目前，我国养老保险替代率过低，养老保险替代率是指养老金领取水平与退休前收入水平的比率。现时我国职工为40%，而根据国际劳工组织规定最低替代率应为55%，我国已低于国际警戒线。同时，我国现时的社保投入水平仅占财政支出的7.5%，远低于德国的55.5%、美国的30.2%等。

　　新京报记者 李婷婷

责任编辑：王浩成

文章关键词：
农民工 流动人口

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