Charity law conceived for 11 years: typical samples of democratic legislation in China
Today (March 16) morning, 12 closing of the session of the national people's Congress meeting, national people's Congress, adopted without a vote draft Charities Act.
After 11 years of appeals and propulsion, which makes people desperate charitable areas of basic law, bloom finally landing. More importantly, as a typical sample of open and democratic legislation, the process provides important exercises for citizen participation in the legislative field.
Judicial Affairs Committee of the national people's Congress to take the lead in drafting, to civil society organizations to submit draft Charities Act 7 sample from two public review, and eventually submitted to the national people's Congress, charitable organizations, volunteers, donors, beneficiaries, regulatory authorities and other stakeholders can make their voices.
Last year the People's Republic of China legislative act (hereinafter referred to as the Legislative Act) "General Assembly", the Charities Act (draft) practice open legislation again, step by step to the national people's front.
First, "pregnant 11 years
100 billion yuan, which is currently China's charitable foundation the net asset value of the industry. In 2014, the total donations in China received both at home and abroad had reached 104.226 billion yuan, accounting for 0.16% per cent of GDP.
Paradox is that in such a large volume behind the charity industry, but none related to the basic law, not even any of the laws and regulations at the national level, names containing "charity" term.
Not only laws and regulations out of population of philanthropy is relatively backward. Until 1994, the China Charity Federation established, "charity is hypocritical" concept remains deeply rooted in the society.
The past more than 20 years, charity rapid development after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, charity began to walk into people's lives. But Guo, Xerox will charge top fees the successive exposure of the scandal, national philanthropy's credibility plummeted.
People are waiting, the legislature introduced one standard charitable areas of the basic law as soon as possible, to trace us.
At present, the Chinese charitable legislation in force only in 1999 the law on donations for public welfare, as well as the standard 3 social organizations (foundations, community groups, private non-enterprise units) of administrative regulations--regulations of the Foundation and the social organization registration regulations and the interim regulations on the administration of registration of private non-enterprise units.
In addition to the outside of the Foundation Management Ordinance enacted in 2004, the remaining 2 Regulation earlier and provided slipshod, and lower levels. Some tax incentives for charitable organizations, are scattered in some tax laws and normative documents.
Chinese public welfare Research Institute at Beijing Normal University President Wang zhenyao, without basic legal, just as without borders the stadium game, totally dependent on social consciousness, how could a healthy public management and public ethics?
In fact, in 2005, China has started working for charity legislation.
In September of that year, the Ministry of civil affairs official to the national people's Congress and the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council put forward draft legislative proposals to the charity promotion Act. In 2006, the Ministry come up with draft charity law into the legislative process. In early 2007, the Ministry of Civil Affairs released the 2006 China Home Development Bulletin of statistics, draft Charities Act had been drafted.
In 2006 the "two sessions" during the charity law was included in the 2006 State Department legislation and consideration of arrangements for the 2007 National People's Congress.
At the time, experts are optimistic that participating in the Panel discussion, the Bill will soon be introduced.
But we are disappointed to find that, in 2007, officially announced in the national people's Congress legislative and oversight plans, Charities Act was not in them. This means that at the national people's Congress will not be able to complete the legislative duties of charity, Charities Act will be postponed to the next session of the national people's Congress to make.
In 2008, the charity law was included in the legislation plan of the NPC session, and once again be included in the legislation plan of the State Council.
In the Judicial Affairs Committee of the national people's Congress on the Bureau of the first session of the 11th National People's Congress delivered review report on results of consideration of the motion proposed by the representative wrote: 5·12 in the year after the Wenchuan earthquake relief and reconstruction activities, charitable force plays an important role, the community has made a lot of perfect charity legislation proposals. Advised the State Department in the legislative process, pay attention to properly handle the relationship with existing public welfare donations law, and legislative issues related to research charity.
However, the charity legislation is still struggling, disagreements and arguments cause schedule delays.
In 2009, the NPC legislation plans, charity law was as one of the preparatory project, in accordance with arrangements will depend on the circumstances of the Act in the year 2009 or thereafter to arrange the national people's Congress. This year, drafted by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the charity submitted the draft law to the State Council Legislative Affairs Office, but the subsequent years have not been submitted to the national people's Congress.
Until November 2013, the Charities Act was finally included in the 12 first class session of the national people's Congress legislative planning project, led by the Judicial Affairs Committee of the national people's Congress and finalized draft.
In 2014, the charity legislation become an important turning point. On February 24, the Judicial Affairs Committee of the national people's Congress held first plenary meeting of the leading group of charities legislation, legislative timetable and road map are listed.
Two sessions of that year, the NPC Standing Committee specially set up a leading group on the draft Charities Act, draft law draft charity law seminar of the leadership group, invited on charity regulation legislative experiences of local authorities, civil sector representatives and experts on the preliminary discussion of the major issues in the legislative process.
According to the plan, the draft will be completed by the end of 2014, and 2015 submitted to the national people's Congress.
ER、qifen folk artwork
Early in March 2014, Peking University, Director of the nonprofit Law Center Jin Jinping was invited to participate in the national people's Congress, Secretary of internal affairs experts, demonstrates charity law drafting.
When the Charities Act legislative roadmap, Jin Jinping thrilled heart, charity law and finally into the accelerated track.
She felt, as an expert on the law, they are entitled to make a contribution. She is going to a series of forums, research the Charities Act legislation.
Taking into account the legal provisions depends on social practice and counseling, Jin Jinping to the CPPCC National Committee and the Director of the NGO Research Institute of Tsinghua University, the King's name, which concerns all the year round community organizations.
After a call, the two men hit it off.
In the King's Office, two people drinking tea while hammered 13 organised by charity law forum, and to develop legislative experts proposed the idea of charity. Tea, the two core members of the law school of Beijing Normal University Professor Liu Peifeng into.
On April 26, the charity legislation ban Yue Tan "open altar".
Forum guests are invited to both practice and theory, as well as officials from the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the national people's Congress, Deputy Director of the policy and regulations Division of civil affairs Li Jian, Director of the NPC internal and Judicial Affairs Committee of the House Chamber Yu Jianwei, the Law Committee of the NPC Legislative Affairs Commission of the social law Office Director Chen Jialin, and so on.
Until December 1, charity law forum held 13 times. Forum, the three-person Division, one Chair, one problem, another essay. And then for the same problem nearly 20 guests to speak.
"I don't agree with Mr. Wang Ming's view" and "you said no, you are the official standard", the scene often erupted into controversy and sometimes argued.
Jin Jinping moved most is the official attitude. She remembers, Ministry of Civil Affairs, the NPC internal and Judicial Affairs Committee, NPC Law Committee and other relevant leaders almost game participation, thought was rattled, but everyone actively speaking.
Ultimately, teamed up by Tsinghua University and Peking University, based on 13 occasions, three professors and his team put together by more than 40,000 words of charity law (expert advice draft), the proposal contains 14 chapters 205 rule, after a further modification to the legislative references.
The end of 2014, the NPC internal and Judicial Affairs Committee received a total of 7 draft Charities Act civil sample. On October 30, the charity law (draft) was first submitted to the 12 session of the national people's Congress Standing Committee's 17th meeting.
After 2 months, the 12th session of the 18th meeting of the NPC were considered by the Charities Act (draft) second review draft and four draft decisions will be brought to the 12 session of the national people's Congress for consideration.
Wang zhenyao lamented that from 2014, chaired the NPC internal and Judicial Affairs Committee after the drafting of the Charities Act, only about a year's time, the legislative progress made so much progress, behind this force of civil society is indispensable
Three, the truth more debates, the more the
Zheng Gongcheng, the Charities Act (draft) as much as possible in the legislative process to absorb the wisdom of men, both reality and the long term.
As a member of the national people's Congress, members of the NPC internal and Judicial Affairs Committee, Mr CHENG into full participation in the drafting process of the draft.
Inevitably, some of the provisions in the draft, sparked the controversy inside and outside the industry.
After a peer review open, some geographical limits, level limits for public subscription, by the questions and criticism on the Internet.
Beijing Normal University, China Academy of charitable legal Center in a manuscript submitted to the national people's Congress proposed in the amendments, through radio, television, newspapers, the Internet and other media published donation information is difficult to determine its borders, recommends the removal of the geographical limits of charity.
In the second peer review of the draft, the legislature adopted this recommendation, the term "through radio, television, newspapers, the Internet and other media published donation information collection without geographical restrictions. ”
But for a controversial "charity was eligible for public two-year study period" requirement, two peer reviewers have not changed.
Zheng Gongcheng, this can be regarded as charitable organizations offering to be more prudent regulation, "benefit would enhance the credibility of charitable organizations, disadvantages are likely to make it difficult for some persons want to do good business across the threshold of independence two years. ”
Zheng Gongcheng said once in an interview that "on balance, I think is more critical to consolidate the credibility of charitable organizations. ”
In addition, many users on a peer review of the draft provides that "does not have the qualification of public subscription, open donations in public donations may be taken" question, that the law should not interfere with individual acts of self-defense.
Second peer review of the draft of this provision also unchanged, still does not have a public subscription requirements of organizations or individuals, with public subscription qualified charitable organizations to carry out a public subscription.
Zheng Gongcheng believes that if left unchecked by any organization or individual is free to the public or others to raise money, while not excluding most of the fund-raisers are based on kindness in doing good work, but does not rule out real wrong for of charity fraud. "In fact, lied to MU in China is not uncommon. ”
But in the eyes of Jin Jinping, to discuss this issue, first of all to "raise" the concept clear. "When rescue object is a specific individual and not part of a specific public or public, such behavior is considered in law gifts. ”
In her view, charitable fund-raising activities under the law, is a charitable organization based on the charitable purposes of the specific fund-raising activities in useful projects for the benefit of the public. Fundraising is a public service project, open, all eligible can receive help from the projects for the benefit of the public, a few and not to a specific person, this is the fundamental difference.
Restrictions on Internet fundraising problems, Beijing Normal University School of law Professor Liu Peifeng believes that a lot of people think this article is to prevent Internet fraud, but this is outside the scope of charity law, not into an anti-phishing law of charity law, or anti-phishing law, behave differently in different laws, Charities Act do not let too much of the burden.
15% annual administration costs on the most hotly disputed provisions, Vice President of China Charity Federation Xu Yongguang believes that Foundation is very diverse, used 15% for hard and fast rules, in fact, is a planned economy thinking, "the market should be allowed to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, do not make 15% mandatory. ”
Wang zhenyao, told Sohu news about charity law, the discussion was normal, the dispute is normal, triggered heated discussion, it means it worked.
"The exchange of different ideas to get the truth. ”
Four sample, democracy legislation
Charities Act throughout the legislative process, fully demonstrated the public's democratic principles.
Wang zhenyao, the NPC legislation's biggest advantage is open. "Including the second peer review of the draft, the past is not open to the public in the legislative process. The second peer review open Internet access, is to solicit views on the Conference. ”
In fact, last year a step ahead "on the General Assembly" of the legislative act, as "tube method" for their later provides for the rules to be followed. This year's draft Charities Act was last year on the basis of practical experience, a step before the General Assembly.
According to the law, the law enacted by the General Assembly, must be representative of the draft will be sent to Congress a month ago to collect views.
Since the national people's Congress Standing Committee passed a motion in late December last year, decided to submit the draft Charities Act since the consideration of the General Assembly, the NPC Law Committee into the running of busy.
Internal requirements on second review draft of the Internet on the same day (January 11, 2016), cardboard letters sent to nearly 3,000 NPC deputies must be mailed, to this end, the Law Committee had to deploy more staff bag has been working overtime in the evening.
The same day, the Congress also opened up to representatives of service-oriented, can be viewed include the NPC Law Committee amended draft Charities Act and instructions.
Meanwhile, Law Committee invited the country's 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous region people's Congress Law Committee or its representative to the Office of Legislative Affairs of the Standing Committee of Beijing, the convening of a Special Conference on the draft interpretation of, not only the interpretation of the draft on how to organize and listen to views, and describes how to gather feedback.
But the Charities Act itself, such a procedure is not surprising. As the "open door legislation" examples of charity law, the legislative process has been maintained with academic institutions, administrative bodies, local governments, social organizations interact closely, apart from the 2014 draft 7 civil collection sample twice during the deliberations, also collected thousands of community opinion.
On March 13, the 12 session of the national people's Congress vote at the second meeting of the Bureau of the meeting of the charity law (draft), the revised version, 12 session of the legal Committee of the national people's Congress, according to the delegation's comments and the views of members and interested parties, to modify the draft for a total of 92, in which substantive changes to 34.
On the question of personal assistance, legal research, the Commission believes that individuals facing difficulties to the community for help in itself, is a legitimate right, and individuals for help do not belong to the charity, not by charity law.
On 15% of management costs, legal research, the Commission believes that "administrative costs" should be amended to read "administrative expenses", and the annual management fee shall not exceed the total expenditure of that year 10%.
Charities Act throughout the legislative process, from the draft to the second modified, to the national people's Congress considered modifications, questioning, debating and eventually reach a consensus. This is the charm of the democratic legislation.
(Editor: Yang Lei UN873)
2016-03-16 10:08:22
Sohu
慈善法怀胎11年：中国民主立法的典型样本
今天（3月16日）上午，十二届全国人大四次会议举行闭幕会，全国人大表决通过慈善法草案。
经过11年的呼吁和推进，这部让人望眼欲穿的慈善领域基本法，终于落地开花。更重要的是，作为公开立法、民主立法的典型样本，整个过程为公民参与立法提供了重要的演练场。
从全国人大内务司法委员会牵头起草，到民间组织提交7份慈善法草案样稿，从两次公开审议，到最终提交全国人大，慈善组织、志愿者、捐赠人、受益人、监管部门等利益相关方均可以发出自己的声音。
继去年《中华人民共和国立法法》（以下简称《立法法》）“上大会”之后，《慈善法（草案）》再次实践开门立法，一步步走到全国人民面前。
一、“怀胎”十一年
1000亿元，这是目前中国慈善基金会行业的净资产值。在2014年，中国境内接收国内外社会捐款捐物的总额就已达1042.26亿元，占当年GDP的0.16%。
吊诡的是，在如此庞大体量的慈善产业背后，竟没有一部相关的基本法，甚至没有任何一部国家层面的法律法规，名称中含有“慈善”一词。
不仅法律法规脱节，民众的慈善理念也相对落后。直到1994年中华慈善总会组建时，“慈善是伪善”的观念在社会上仍是根深蒂固。
近20多年来，慈善事业迅猛发展，2008年汶川地震后，慈善开始逐渐走进人们的生活。但郭美美事件、施乐会收取置顶费等丑闻的接连曝光，让国内慈善行业的公信力一落千丈。
人们翘首企盼，立法部门能够尽快出台一部规范慈善领域的基本法，溯本清源。
目前，中国现行慈善方面的立法只有1999年的《公益事业捐赠法》，以及规范3种社会组织（基金会、社会团体、民办非企业单位）的行政法规——《基金会管理条例》、《社会团体登记管理条例》和《民办非企业单位登记管理暂行条例》。
除了《基金会管理条例》制定于2004年之外，其余2部条例年代较早，规定粗疏，而且立法层级较低。而一些针对公益慈善组织的税收优惠政策，更是散见于一些税收的单行法和规范性文件中。
在北京师范大学中国公益研究院院长王振耀看来，没有基本法律，就如同在不划边界的球场开展比赛，完全依赖社会自觉，怎么可能会有健康的公共管理和公共道德规范？
事实上，早在2005年，中国就已启动慈善立法的工作。
当年9月，民政部正式向全国人大和国务院法制办公室提出起草《慈善事业促进法》的立法建议。2006年，民政部拿出草案，慈善法进入立法程序。2007年初，民政部发布《2006年中国民政事业发展统计公报》，慈善法草案已起草完毕。
2006年“两会”期间，慈善法被列入了国务院2006年立法工作和2007年全国人大常委会的审议安排。
彼时，参与讨论环节的专家乐观地认为，法案马上就会出台。
但大家失望地发现，在2007年正式公布的全国人大立法和监督计划中，慈善法并不在其列。这意味着十届全国人大将无法完成慈善立法的任务，慈善法将推至下一届全国人大来制定。
2008年，慈善法被列入十一届全国人大常委会立法规划，并再次被列入国务院立法工作计划。
在《全国人大内务司法委员会关于第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议主席团交付审议的代表提出的议案审议结果的报告》写到：在今年5·12汶川大地震后开展的抗震救灾和恢复重建活动中，慈善力量发挥了重要作用，社会各界也提出了不少完善慈善立法的建议。建议国务院在慈善立法过程中，注意妥善处理与现行公益事业捐赠法的关系，统筹研究慈善事业立法相关问题。
然而，慈善立法工作依旧举步维艰，分歧和争论导致日程表一再推迟。
2009年，在全国人大常委会立法工作计划中，慈善事业法被列为预备项目之一，按照安排，该法将视情况在2009年或者以后年度安排全国人大常委会审议。这一年，由民政部起草的慈善法草案递交国务院法制办，但其后几年时间均未提交全国人大。
直到2013年11月，慈善法终于被列入了十二届全国人大常委会立法规划第一类项目，并最终确定由全国人大内务司法委员会牵头起草。
2014年，成为慈善立法的一个重要转折点。2月24日，全国人大内务司法委员会召开慈善事业立法领导小组第一次全体会议，列出了立法时间表和路线图。
那年两会，全国人大常委会专门成立慈善法草案起草领导小组，法律草案起草领导小组召开慈善法立法研讨会，邀请有过慈善法规立法经验的地方机关、民政部门代表和专家对立法过程中的重大问题进行初步讨论。
按照计划，草案将在2014年底前完成，并在2015年提交全国人大常委会审议。
二、七份民间样稿
2014年3月初，北京大学非营利组织法研究中心主任金锦萍受邀参加全国人大内务司专家论证会，论证慈善法起草事宜。
当获知慈善法立法路线图时，金锦萍内心激动不已，慈善法制定终于步入加速轨道。
她觉得，作为研究法律的专家，自己理应尽一把力。她打算举办系列论坛，研究慈善法的立法事宜。
考虑到法律条文要靠社会实践做辅导，金锦萍想到了全国政协委员、清华大学NGO研究所所长王名，后者常年关注社会组织。
一个电话后，两人一拍即合。
在王名的办公室，俩人一边喝茶，一边敲定联合举办13次慈善法论坛，并拟定慈善立法专家建议稿的想法。喝茶中，俩人将北京师范大学法学院教授刘培峰纳入核心成员。
4月26日，慈善立法半月谈“开坛”。
论坛邀请嘉宾既有实践派，也有理论派，还有民政部和全国人大的官员，如民政部政策法规司副司长李健、全国人大内务司法委员会内务室主任于建伟、全国人大法工委法制工作委员会社会法室主任陈佳林等。
一直到当年12月1日，慈善法论坛共举办13次。论坛中，三人分工协作，一人主持，一人解题，另一人破题。然后是针对同一问题请现场近20位嘉宾发言讨论。
“我不同意王名老师的观点”、“你这样说不对，你是官本位”，现场常常爆发出争论，甚至有时争得面红耳赤。
最让金锦萍感动的是官方的态度。她记得，民政部、全国人大内务司法委员会、全国人大法工委等有关领导几乎场场都参与，本来以为是走个过场，没想到每个人都积极踊跃发言。
最终，经清华、北大联手合作，在13次探讨的基础上，三位教授及其团队整理出了4万余字的慈善法（专家建议稿），建议稿包含14章共205条细则，进一步修改完善后给立法部门参考。
2014年底，全国人大内务司法委员会汇总收到的7份慈善法民间草案样稿。次年10月30日，《慈善法（草案）》首次被提交十二届全国人大常委会第十七次会议审议。
2个月后，第十二届全国人大常委会第十八次会议审议了《慈善法（草案）》二次审议稿，并决定将草案提请十二届全国人大四次会议审议。
王振耀感叹，从2014年全国人大内务司法委员会主持慈善法的起草工作以后，仅用一年多的时间，立法的进度就取得如此大的进展，这背后，民间团体的力量不可或缺
三、真理越辩越明
在郑功成看来，《慈善法（草案）》在立法过程中尽可能地吸收了众人的智慧，兼顾了现实与长远。
作为全国人大常委会委员、全国人大内务司法委员会委员，郑功成全程参与草案的起草过程。
不可避免的，草案中的一些规定，引发了行业内外的争议。
一审稿公开后，对于公开募捐的一些地域限制、层级限制，遭到了网上的质疑和批评。
北京师范大学中国公益研究院慈善法律中心在提交给全国人大的一审稿修改建议中提出，通过广播、电视、报刊、互联网等媒体发布的募捐信息很难确定其边界，建议取消对开展慈善募捐的地域限制。
草案二审稿中，立法机关采纳了这一建议，规定“对通过广播、电视、报刊、互联网等媒体发布募捐信息开展募捐不作地域限制。”
但对于争议较大的“慈善组织获得公募资格需要两年考察期”的规定，二审稿并没有修改。
在郑功成看来，这条可视为对慈善组织公募资格的更加谨慎之规，“好处是有利于增强慈善组织的公信力，不利之处是可能使一些想从事善业的人士难以跨越自立二年的门槛。”
郑功成曾在一次采访中说，“两相权衡，我以为还是以夯实慈善组织的公信力更为紧要。”
除此之外，很多网友对草案一审稿规定“不具有公开募捐资格的个人，不得采取公开募捐方式开展公开募捐”提出质疑，认为法律不应干预个人自救行为。
而草案二审稿对这一规定同样未作改动，依旧规定不具有公开募捐资格的组织或个人，可以与有公开募捐资格的慈善组织合作开展公开募捐。
郑功成认为，如果放任任何组织或个人都可以自由地向公众或他人募捐，虽然不排除多数募捐者是基于善心在做善事，但也不排除不法者供慈善之名行诈骗之实。“事实上，骗募现象在中国并不罕见。”
但在金锦萍看来，讨论这个问题，首先要把“募捐”的概念界定清楚。“当救助的对象都是特定的个体，而不是不特定的社会公众或者公众的一部分的话，这种行为在法律上被认为是赠与。”
在她看来，慈善法规定的募捐活动，就是慈善组织基于慈善宗旨开展的对不特定公众有益的公益项目而开展的募捐活动。募捐是公益项目，是开放的，所有符合条件的公众都可以得到这个公益项目的救助，而并不是为特定的某几个人，这是根本区别所在。
关于互联网募捐的限制问题，北京师范大学法学院教授刘培峰认为，很多人觉得这一条是要防止网络欺诈，但是这超出了慈善法的范围，不要把慈善法变成一个防网络欺诈法，或者防网络诈骗法，不同行为要用不同法律，不要让慈善法有过多的负担。
而关于争议最为激烈的15%年度管理成本的规定，中国慈善联合会副会长徐永光认为，基金会形态是千差万别的，用15%进行硬性规定，实际上是一种计划经济的思维，“应该让市场在资源配置中起到决定作用，不要做15%的硬性规定。”
王振耀告诉搜狐新闻，关于慈善法，讨论是正常的，争议也是正常的，能引发热议，就说明它成功了。
“不同意见反复交流，才能得到真理。”
四、民主立法的样本
纵观慈善法的立法过程，充分显示了公开民主的立法原则。
在王振耀看来，全国人大立法最大的优势就是开放。“包括草案二审稿，过去的立法过程中是不公开的。这次二审稿公开上网，就是要在会议上征求大家意见。”
事实上，去年抢先一步“上大会”的《立法法》，作为“管法的法”对其后来者要遵循的规矩作出了规定。今年的慈善法草案，正是在去年的实践经验基础上，一步步走到了大会前。
根据法律规定，由大会制定的法律，必须在大会召开一个月前将草案发给代表，以便收集意见。
自去年12月底全国人大常委会常委会通过议案，决定将慈善法草案提交大会审议以来，全国人大法工委就陷入了马不停蹄的忙碌之中。
内部要求，在二审稿修改稿上网的同一天（2016年1月11日），发给近3000名全国人大代表的纸版函件必须全部寄出，为此，法工委不得不加派人手装袋，一直加班到晚上。
当天，中国人大网还开放了面向代表的服务专区，可以阅览包含全国人大法律委员会修改意见和说明的慈善法草案。
同时，法工委邀请全国31个省、直辖市、自治区人大的法制委或其常委会法制工作机构的代表到北京，召开了专门的草案解读会议，不仅解读了草案，还对如何组织、听取代表意见、如何收集反馈进行了说明。
但就慈善法本身而言，这样的过程并不令人意外。作为“开门立法”的表率，慈善法草案的立法过程一直保持着与学术机构、各行政机关、各地政府、社会组织的密切互动，除了2014年收集的7个民间草案样稿，两次审议期间，也搜集了数千条社会意见。
3月13日，十二届全国人大四次会议主席团第二次会议表决通过了《慈善法(草案)》的修改稿，十二届全国人大法律委员会根据各代表团的审议意见以及政协委员和有关方面的意见，对草案共作了92处修改，其中实质性修改34处。
其中关于个人求助的问题，法律委员会经研究认为，个人在自身面临困难时向社会求助，是一项正当的权利，个人求助不属于慈善活动，不受慈善法调整。
而关于15%的管理成本问题，法律委员会经研究认为，“管理成本”应修改为“管理费用”，且年度管理费用不得超过当年总支出的10%。
纵观慈善法的立法过程，从民间草案，到二度修改，再到全国人大会议审议修改，人们质疑、辩论，最终达成共识。这正是民主立法的魅力所在。
(责任编辑：杨磊 UN873)
2016-03-16 10:08:22
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