Foreign Media: rich Western countries were explosive 78 trillion dollar pension shortfall | pensions _ news
"Our reporter Wei Lai" United States CNBC cable television stations reported on the 17th, Western OECD good day for welfare in developed countries are facing reality, serious, financial "embarrassment". These pensions in developed countries clearly insufficient to cover lifetime costs of the elderly, there is a huge gap. Future, the elderly upon their retirement and want to travel by boat in Western developed countries, on the beach, lying in the Sun, carefree elderly welfare dream is "broken".
CNBC said in a report, United States Citigroup on the West′s richest 20 countries carried out a special economic studies. Studies have found that the richest 20 countries total $ 78 trillion in pension funding shortfalls facing.
"The social security system, national pension scheme, private pensions and individual retirement account problems, or no funds or insufficient funds," Citigroup economic report made the statement, and analysts believe that the "Government services and corporate earnings and retirement benefits must be adjusted and reduced to protect the social security system works properly. It gives global enterprises of employers, employees and policy makers posed a huge challenge. ”
Citigroup reports, pension funds shortage crisis prevailing in OECD countries. These countries include the United Kingdom, and France, and Germany, Central Europe and the welfare States of Western Europe, including the United States, and Japan, and Canada and Australia. Investigation of the actual application, businesses often cannot continuously complete the obligation to pay the pensions for their employees, while the United States and the United Kingdom company pension schemes are also "insufficient funds" problems. Among them, the European public pension and welfare system seems the most serious problem. Germany, and France, and Italy and the United Kingdom, and Portugal as well as Spain′s public pension liabilities have reached 300% per cent of GDP, its sustainability is worrying.
Improving the health care system means that employees have to set aside more in their daily wages portion for pension, more long-term planning. Meanwhile, in the Western developed economies, more and more of the elderly population, young workforce have been decreasing, the contradiction is to Western Governments, greater pressure on the pension system.
After 2010, the European States to take a number of measures to deal with the crisis, including working-age linked to life expectancy was extended to 70 years, realization of 70% employment of the labour force participation rate, increase the relevance of pension and payment, established as early as the late increase in pension reduction mechanism, guide national employment growth and delayed pensions.
In addition, according to the global times, a journalist investigating, at the end of 2013, the 21 OECD countries pensions over 70% of portfolio investment in bonds and shares of two asset classes. Value is the main intention of asset allocation, not for high yields, but stability and can return. Even with such investment arrangements, in fact, OECD countries costly welfare policy is to let Government finances was "lack of money" and had to go on deficit model of development. The patterns go, encountered greater resistance in the market of sustainable development. Challenge is increasing.
European Governments on the reform of the pension system did not ease Wall Street′s concerns. 17th told CNBC that Citigroup Bank and some European countries, including the United Kingdom, and France and Italy are slowly raising the retirement age, in order to alleviate the financial pressure. Citigroup believes that average life expectancy increased in the West, raising the retirement age is a stop-gap solution. In addition, government pensions are mainly acts as a "safety net" role, rather than acting as pension provider for major roles. Corporate pensions should choose "exit" system, rather than "in" medical insurance system, to encourage greater pension liability of individuals actually, higher medical benefits prior to retirement.
School of public administration, said Yang Yansui, a professor at Tsinghua University, "the pension welfare dream" when faced with the challenges of an ageing population and low economic growth, the cornerstone of social stability is likely to evolve into "time bombs." In the 1970 of the 20th century, developed countries have entered the depth of an aging society, the labour force and the proportion of the ageing population is about 5:1, taxes on population and the proportion of pensioners is approximately 3:1, pension tax 17% per cent of wages, pension payments accounted for about 20% spending. If conventional means independently after the aging of the population by the State pension payment risk, Governments face financial burdens and weaker labour market risk on both sides. Young people lose confidence in the public pension, in order to avoid high taxes and choice of informal employment, older people take "public vehicle" tried to take early retirement, with numbers that are in greater numbers to get the money, social problems will lead to economic vicious circle, tragedies public pensions could erupt at any time. A few years ago, Greece facing bankruptcy is a classic.
Responsible editor: Chen yan SN225
Article keywords: Pension
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外媒:西方富裕国家被爆78万亿美元养老资金短缺|养老金_新闻资讯
【本报记者 魏莱】美国CNBC有线电视台17日报道称，西方OECD发达国家的高福利的好日子正在面临现实的、严重的、财政“困窘”。这些发达国家的养老金明显不够支付老年人有生之年的开销，存在巨额资金缺口。今后，西方发达国家老年人退休后想乘坐游艇旅行，在海滩上躺着晒太阳，无忧无虑地养老福利梦正在“破碎”。
CNBC在报道中称，美国花旗集团对西方最富裕的20个国家进行了专项的经济研究。研究发现，最富裕的20个国家一共面临78万亿美元的养老金资金短缺。
“社会保障体系、国家养老金计划、私营部门养老金以及个人退休账户存在问题，要么是没有资金保障，要么是资金保障不足，”花旗银行的经济研究报告作出了以上表述，并且分析认为，“政府服务、公司利润以及退休福利必须调整和降低，以保障社会保障系统能正常运转。这给全球的企业雇主、雇员以及政策制定者带来了巨大的挑战。”
花旗集团的研究报告称，OECD国家普遍存在养老金资金短缺的危机。这些国家包括英国、法国、德国、中欧与西欧的一些福利国家，还包括美国、日本、加拿大和澳大利亚。实际的调查研究报名，企业通常不能持续地完成为员工支付养老金的义务，而美国和英国的企业养老金计划也存在“资金不足”的问题。其中，欧洲的公共养老金福利体系看上去问题最严重。德国、法国、意大利、英国、葡萄牙以及西班牙的公共养老金负债规模已经达到国内生产总值的300%，其可持续性令人担忧。
改善医疗体系意味着员工要在日常的工资收入中预留更多的一部分比例以用来养老，达到更长远的规划。同时，在西方发达经济体中，老年人口越来越多，年轻的劳动力人口却不断减少，这些突出的矛盾正在给西方政府的养老金机制带来更大的压力。
2010年后，欧洲国家采取了一些措施来应对危机，包括劳动年龄与人均寿命挂钩，延长到70岁，实现劳动人口70%就业参与率，增加养老金待遇与缴费的关联性，建立早减晚增的养老金领取机制，引导国民增加就业和延迟领取养老金等。
此外，据《环球时报》记者调查了解，截至2013年底，21个OECD国家养老金投资组合中超过70%投资于债券和股票两个资产类别。资产配置的主要意图是保值增值，并不追求高收益，但要求回报稳定与可期。即便有这样的投资安排，实际上，OECD国家高昂的福利政策还是让政府财政感到“缺钱”，不得不继续走赤字财政的发展模式。这个模式越往前走，可持续性发展遇到的市场阻力越大。质疑的呼声越来越高。
欧洲政府关于养老金改革的制度安排并没有缓解华尔街的担忧。花旗银行17日对CNBC表示，欧洲的一些国家，包括英国、法国和意大利正在慢慢地增加退休年龄，以缓解财政支出压力。花旗银行认为，西方的人均预期寿命不断增加，提高退休年龄是一种权宜的办法。此外，政府的养老金主要充当“安全保障网”的角色，而不是充当主要的养老金提供方的角色。企业养老金应当选择“退出”保障体系，而不是“进入”医疗保障体系，以鼓励实际上由个人承担更大养老责任，在退休前就投入更高的医疗保障金，。
清华大学公共管理学院教授杨燕绥表示，“养老金福利梦”一旦遇到人口老龄化和经济低增长的挑战，稳定社会的基石就可能演化为“定时炸弹”。20世纪70年代，发达国家纷纷进入深度老龄社会，劳动人口与老龄人口的比例约为5：1，缴纳税费人口与养老金领取人口比例约为3：1，养老金税费约占工资的17%，养老金支付约占财政支出的20%。如果沿用传统方式由国家独立承担人口老龄化后养老金支付风险，政府将面临财政负担趋重和劳动力市场趋弱的双面风险。年轻人对公共养老金失去信心，为避高额税费而选择非正规就业，大龄人员为搭乘“公共便车”而拼命提前退休，随着领钱的人数多于工作的人数，社会问题将导致经济陷入恶性循环圈，公共养老金悲剧随时可能爆发。几年前，希腊政府面临破产危机就是一个典型。
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文章关键词： 养老金
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