Who had pulled down GDP growth? State-owned resources contributed a lower
(Mrs Selina CHOW/photo)
On March 13, 2016, the Beijing Great Hall of SASAC Director channel, Xiao yaqing, the Minister told reporters. (CFP/photo)This year during the two sessions of the national people's Congress examined and adopted the national budget for the 2015 and 2016, the national budget (draft) (hereinafter referred to as the 2016 budget report), we see that in 2015, the State-owned capital management income contributions to the State budget, State-owned capital management, are still not satisfactory.
And compared to the resources, State-owned enterprise's contribution to the country is low, need to be improved. Because of the large State-owned enterprises asset resources, share of GDP than big, if not State property operating income slowed sharply, even negative growth, China's economic growth will be more difficult.
State-owned enterprise revenue growth
On January 18, 2016 according to NBS data, 2015 annual gross domestic product (GDP) of 67.67 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.9%, first time in 1990 to below 7%.
On January 26, the Treasury data showed that "2015 1 in December, State-owned enterprises operating income of 45,470,410,000,000 yuan, down 5.4%. ”
The above two sets of data with a little calculation, we can get two results: first, the 2015 gross revenue in State-owned enterprises accounted for 67.17% of the country's GDP last year; the second, in 2015, the State-owned enterprises operating income was 2.6 trillion less than the previous year.
In various interpretations of the 2015 economic slowdown at present, popular myth is that investment demand slump and a sharp drop in export growth is the main reason. However, the above figures so that we found out from another angle, although the proportion of State-owned enterprises in China are still huge, the contribution to GDP is also great, but operating income growth of State-owned enterprises is an important factor in dragging down China's economic growth as a whole.
In fact, in 2014, the State-owned enterprises operating income growth rate is well below the year's GDP growth. Also from data released by the Ministry of finance in early 2015, 2014 1 in December, State-owned enterprises operating income of 48,063,640,000,000 yuan, compared with only 4%, and the growth in GDP that year was 7.3%.
This fact tells us that on the other side, 2014-2015 of China's economic growth largely from non-State-owned enterprises and growth support for economic growth.
Assets of State-owned enterprises
Into 2016 fiscal budgets of Central and local State-owned enterprises totaled 28439 households. Because these companies have a lot of company, under the huge number of corporate businesses. Because there are no 2015 year data, by 2014 year of data for reference. According to the data released by the national statistical office in 2014, 10,617,154 corporate units, of which State-owned enterprise legal person units at 263,348, collective holding enterprises unit: 248,221, privately-held Enterprise unit: 9,027,688, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan holding corporate units 98,661, foreign-controlled enterprises units 97,793. We see from the above figures, number of State-owned enterprises accounted for only the number of 2.5%.
According to 2016 budget report, to the end of 2015, including Central and local State-owned enterprises (non-financial companies) over 131 trillion yuan in total assets, and total liabilities of 83.5 trillion yuan, interest was 47.7 trillion yuan. These three numbers are huge.
Another number can also give us a comparison according to flush software data, as at the third quarter of 2015, a-share listed companies there were 2,808, of which the total number of non-financial enterprises to 2,755, 38 trillion yuan in total assets, and total liabilities of 24.8 trillion yuan. Such a large a-share plates, compared with total assets of State-owned enterprises, was a "little brother".
Seen from the debt, according to the recently announced by the people's Bank of China, four-quarter by 2015, Chinese society raised the stock of 138.14 trillion yuan, of which RMB loans was 92.75 trillion yuan, while foreign currency loans of 3.02 trillion yuan, 18.8 trillion yuan for entrusted loan, trust 10.93 trillion yuan of loans, corporate bonds of 14.63 trillion yuan. Total liabilities of 83.5 trillion compares the data released by the people's Bank of China State-owned enterprises, can conclude that the total stock of debt financing established in the whole of State-owned enterprises accounted for around two-thirds or so.
Contribution of State-owned enterprises to national tax
In 2016, 2015 1 published in budget and finance in December, the national State-owned and State-controlled enterprises in the economic operation of published data, we see that the 2015 national 12.49 trillion yuan in tax revenue, State-owned enterprise taxes 3.86 trillion yuan. In the tax, not to one-third.
2016 budget report shows in 2015, the profit of 2.6 trillion yuan of State-owned enterprises, according to the budget report of the 2015 national implementation of the State-owned capital management income form, in 2015, the State-owned capital gains actually submitted to the budgeted amount of revenue was 256.016 billion yuan. However, in the 2015 national implementation of the State-owned capital expenditures in the table, we see that the 2015 budget actual budget expenditures of the State-owned enterprises was 207.8 billion yuan, which means 81% of the collected money was returned to its State-owned enterprises. In the remaining few funds, "into the general public spending budget to ensure and improve people's livelihood" is 24.698 billion yuan, which transferred 23 billion yuan of Central State-owned enterprises, local State-owned enterprises into 1.698 billion yuan. 2015 national public budget in general revenue to 15.22 trillion yuan.
(Editor: Li UN659)
2016-03-18 12:15:08
Integrated
谁拉低了GDP增长率？国企资源占有巨大贡献较低
（梁淑怡/图）2016年3月13日，北京人民大会堂，国资委主任肖亚庆在部长通道接受记者采访。（CFP/图） 从今年两会期间全国人大审议通过的《2015年全国预算执行情况与2016年全国预算（草案）》（以下简称2016年预算报告）中，我们看到，2015年国有资本经营的情况、国有资本经营收入对国家预算的贡献，依然难如人意。
与所占有的资源相比，国有企业对国家所做的贡献是较低的，急待提高。由于国企资产资源占有巨大，在GDP中的占比巨大，如果不解决国有资产经营收入大幅放缓，甚至负增长的状况，中国经济的增长将会更加吃力。
国企收入负增长
2016年1月18日国家统计局发布的数据显示，2015全年国内生产总值（GDP）为67.67万亿元，同比增长6.9%，1990年来首次跌破7%。
1月26日，财政部公布的数据显示，“2015年1-12月，国有企业营业总收入454704.1亿元，同比下降5.4%。”
对上面两组数据稍加计算，我们可以得到两个结果：一、2015年国有企业营业总收入在去年全国GDP中的占比为67.17%；二、2015年国有企业的营业收入比上年减少了2.6万亿。
目前对2015年经济增速下滑的各种解释中，流行的说法是，投资需求的低迷和出口增速的大幅下降是主要原因。但是，上面的数字让我们从另一个角度发现，尽管国有企业在中国经济中的占比仍然巨大，对GDP的贡献也是巨大的，但是，国有企业的经营收入负增长却是拉低整个中国经济增长的重要因素。
其实，在2014年，国有企业营业总收入增长的速度也是低于当年的GDP增速的。同样来自财政部在2015年初公布的数据，2014年1-12月，国有企业营业总收入480636.4亿元，同比只增长了4%，而当年GDP的增速是7.3%。
这个事实的另一面告诉我们，2014—2015年中国经济的增长和增速很大程度是来自非国有企业经济增长的支撑。
国企的资产规模
纳入2016年财政预算的中央和地方国有企业总数为28439户。由于这些公司有大量的下属公司，下属法人企业的数目巨大。由于目前还没有2015年的数据，我们用2014年的数据做参考。据国家统计局公布的数据，2014年全国企业法人单位总数为10617154家，其中，国有控股企业法人单位数为263348家，集体控股企业法人单位数248221家，私人控股企业法人单位数9027688家，港、澳、台商控股企业法人单位数98661家，外商控股企业法人单位数97793家。从上述数字我们看到，国有企业数量只占全国企业数量的2.5%。
根据2016年预算报告，至2015年底，包括中央和地方的国有企业（非金融企业）的总资产超过131万亿元，总负债为83.5万亿元，权益为47.7万亿元。这三个数字都是巨大的。
另外一个数字也可以给我们提供一个对比，据同花顺软件的数据，截至2015年三季度，A股上市公司有2808家，其中非金融企业的总数为2755家，总资产为38万亿元，总负债为24.8万亿元。这么大的A股盘子，与国企总资产相比，还是个“小弟弟”。
从负债上看，中国人民银行最近公布的数据显示，截至2015年四季度，中国社会融资规模存量是138.14万亿元，其中，人民币贷款为92.75万亿元，外币贷款3.02万亿元，委托贷款18.8万亿元，信托贷款10.93万亿元，企业债券14.63万亿元。将国企的总负债83.5万亿对比中国人民银行公布的数据，可以得出，国有企业的总债务在全社会融资规模存量中的占比大约在三分之二左右。
国企对国家财税的贡献
结合2016年预算报告和财政部公布的《2015年1-12月全国国有及国有控股企业经济运行情况》中公布的数据，我们看到，2015年全国税收收入12.49万亿元，国有企业应交税金3.86万亿元。在整个税收中，不到三分之一。
2016年预算报告显示，2015年全国国有企业的利润为2.6万亿元，根据预算报告中的《2015年全国国有资本经营收入执行情况表》，2015年国有资本收益实际提交给预算收入的金额是2560.16亿元。但是，在《2015年全国国有资本经营支出执行情况表》中，我们看到，2015年国家预算对国有企业的实际预算支出是2078亿元，也就是说收上来的钱的81%又还给了国有企业。而在剩余很少的资金中，“调入一般公共预算用于保障和改善民生支出”的数目是246.98亿元，其中中央国有企业调入230亿元，地方国有企业调入16.98亿元。而2015年的全国一般公共预算收入为15.22万亿元。
(责任编辑：李辉 UN659)
2016-03-18 12:15:08
综合