Why do Chinese fishing boats went to Argentina: inshore fisheries resources are nearly exhausted | Chinese fishing boats went to Argentina _ news

Original title: why the Chinese fishing boat came all the way to South America

Sharp decline in the inshore fishery resources, fishery enterprises in China have to take guns to "target" the rich offshore fishing resources

Zhang Ke

Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang has confirmed, a Chinese fishing boat "robust fisheries No. 010 smoke away" on March 14 in Argentina when fishing, being chased by a maritime police vessel for several hours, Alfonso shot after shot, gradually led to the hull into the water and sank. 4 Chinese crew on the ship were rescued by maritime police vessel and 28 other crew members were rescued by Chinese fishing boats in the vicinity, with no casualties.

In fact, China's ocean-going fishing in recent years has repeatedly suffered physical and property threats, there are casualties. The frequency of such incidents is the reality behind China fishery enterprises already in the midst of inshore fisheries resources are exhausted and have to go abroad to "open up Xinjiang soil" dilemma.

Luannan, Hebei province Xu Aifa Nan Bao Cun, fishermen told the newspaper: "rarely fight back out to sea the fish at a time, and is smaller than ten or twenty years ago. "On the ground in front of Xu Ai, Sun fish shrimp," dried up, only for animal feed. "He said.

Inshore fisheries encounter "three-sided attack"

"We will still have to go to sea, remove dried small fish and crabs to market and sell it, to catch fewer fish. "Zhou Jianxing beipu village fishermen told the newspaper reporters.

Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea areas of the North where the Bao village, due to the pressure of population and economic growth, and engaged in a large-scale reclamation was in full swing, vast tidal flats become salt ponds, aquaculture ponds, farms, recreational area or industrial zone.

The famous ornithologist, College of life sciences, Beijing Normal University is Mong Kok told reporters that is China's densely-populated areas, economic development of Bohai Bay areas, "we are very pleased to see the rapid economic development of Bohai Bay region, but at the same time very worried to see that the ongoing loss of biodiversity in this region. ”

And Zhang zhengwang, College of life sciences, Beijing Normal University led the research team found that after the excesses of the reclamation, a lot of fish, shrimps, crabs and shellfish important marine economic organisms such as spawning and feeding grounds are destroyed, continued fisheries resource difficulties.

China Council for international cooperation on environment and development (hereinafter "the State") marine research group's report also showed that China's "fisheries resources have entered a period of deep recession".

Diked tidal flat economic growth at the same time, fishery fleets and fishing capacity continues to grow, resulting in overfishing.

Ocean Research Group survey shows, in the late 1960 of the 20th century into a period of comprehensive development and utilization of offshore fisheries resources in China, and persistence of the massive increase in the number of marine fishing motor vessels, there is only more than 10,000 in the late 60 and mid 90 has reached more than 200,000.

Due to the increasing number of horsepower and fishing vessels, together with modernization of fishing gear, leading to pirate fishing inshore fisheries resources, resources the deepening recession.

Capture objects from the 60 's big bottom and near-bottom type changed to anchovy fish Carassius auratus and yellow small pelagic fish, such as mackerel SCAD, economic value is significantly reduced.

Environmental pollution is the sharp decline in the inshore fishery resources in China the third important factor. Is one of three Bay of laizhou Bay, Shandong in the Bohai Sea an important coastal wetland areas, spawning grounds and the fishery. Environmental Protection Department found that since 2006, the main rivers into sea water quality in the laizhou Bay as the inferior five, an area of about 30% per cent of the entire Bay area, continuing decline in number of fish eggs and larvae, fisheries resources in a severe recession, features traditional spawning grounds, feeding grounds and fishing grounds destroyed.

Offshore fishing "great leap forward"

Sharp decline in the inshore fishery resources, fishery enterprises of China put the guns to "target" the rich offshore fishing resources.

Since 2011, China's offshore fishing industry to enter the "great leap forward" period, new construction professional offshore fishing vessels of more than more than 1300. In 2015, the national job number of ocean-going fishing vessels to reach 2500, power 2.2 million-kilowatt, 2.05 million tons of total output, output value of 19 billion yuan.

"China's fishery plays an important role in the world, has become the first country of the global marine fisheries. "Fisheries Fisheries Administration Deputy Director Cui Lifeng said. At present, China's ocean fishing waters has spread to 40 countries and areas of the exclusive economic zone, as well as the Pacific, India Ocean, Atlantic and Antarctic waters of the high seas.

Offshore fishing in departments and municipalities, Shandong province's fastest. Introduction the Office of Shandong Provincial Oceanic and fishery, at the end of June 2015, with the Ministry of Agriculture of the province of offshore fishing qualification 31 enterprises, development of offshore fishing vessels, to 434 466,000, 259,000 tons gross tonnage, total power kW.

"Robust smoke far fishing No. 010" belongs to the Yantai marine fishery company limited official website an article that "Argentina fishery yield is higher in the flood season," "Argentina fishing period, Nissan often dozens of tons of even hundreds of tonnes." Peru fishing ground, vessel much smaller ranges of Central fishing ground, there have been scenes of fierce competition.

The company "Shun 2nd" 2014 in Argentina production reached more than 2,530 tons in fishery production in the flood season, which Argentina fisheries 20 squid fishing ships in the first. The companies when they yield more than 80,000 tons of squid fleet.

Deep-sea fishing in other coastal provinces are also "good".

Qingdao Oceanic and fishery Bureau introduced, Qingdao ocean fishing company from Russia purchased 1 7700-ton large trawls processing vessel, arrived in Antarctic waters last April engaged in krill production, captured in less than a month more than 1300 tons of Antarctic krill, processing of frozen shrimp, shrimp powder 500 tons to 130 tons.

Ningbo city, Zhejiang Province Bureau of oceans and fisheries, last year, Ningbo in lead of ocean-going fishing boats about 30 offshore fishing output 32,500 tons worth 203 million Yuan, up about 45% and 40%, respectively over the previous year.

How to avoid offshore fishing dispute

Ocean rich fisheries resources allowing the Chinese fishermen and fishing enterprises to taste the sweetness, but similar "robust fisheries No. 010 smoke away" event of fishing disputes are on the rise.

"Based on the reality of China's distant water fisheries started later, as well as the international community's fishery resources ' head start ' historical distribution, my country at a disadvantage in international competition for fishery resources. "CPPCC National Committee member, former Vice Minister of agriculture Niu DUN said.

Compared with Argentina, and Japan and other countries, although China has a long coastline, but not an ocean marine resources. This absolute disparity coupled with factors of China's huge population, China's per-capita amount of marine resources is obviously vulnerable. It is in this situation, offshore fishing overseas conflicts triggered by China's Government departments are required to resolve the issue.

China Ocean introduce Professor Zhou Qiulin, of Chinese fishermen to fish within the exclusive economic zones of other countries know little about the rules, some luck.

October 2015, the General Office of the Ministry of agriculture issued the strict adherence to the North Pacific fisheries management organizations informed about management measures (nongban fishing [2015]64), without authorization in the North Pacific high seas illegal Chinese fishing boats engaged in fisheries on the high seas, excluding fishing vessels concerned policy subsidy throughout that year, and shall be held accountable or dealing with liability.

Ocean University of China School of economics professor Yang suggested, we should actively carry out fisheries resource of international and interregional cooperation in all aspects. He said liquidity and migratory fishery resources, fishery resources become a shared resource from several countries, determine the fisheries resources management and protection must be close cooperation between international and regional.

Institute for prospective industries 2015-2020, published by China's deep-sea fishing industry market report on strategic planning and investment analysis predicts that by 2020, China's offshore fishing industry output value is expected to exceed 65 billion yuan in 2015, representing a compound annual growth rate of 20%.

Responsible editor: Ni Zi Jiang

Article keywords:
A Chinese fishing boat went to Argentina

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中国渔船为何远赴阿根廷:近海渔业资源已近枯竭|中国渔船远赴阿根廷_新闻资讯

　　原标题：中国渔船为何 不远万里去南美

　　近海渔业资源锐减，中国渔业企业不得不把渔枪“瞄准”丰富的远洋渔业资源

　　章轲

　　外交部发言人陆慷日前证实，中国渔船“鲁烟远渔010号”3月14日在阿根廷渔场作业时，被阿海警船追赶数小时，后阿方开枪射击，导致船体进水并逐渐沉没。船上4名中国船员被阿海警船救起，其他28名船员被附近中国渔船救起，未发生人员伤亡。

　　事实上，我国远洋捕捞人员近年来已多次遭遇人身和财产威胁，此前也不乏人员伤亡的情况。这类事件频发背后的现实是，中国渔业企业已身陷近海渔业资源日益枯竭、不得不到海外“开疆拓土”的窘境。

　　河北省滦南县南堡村渔民许爱发曾告诉《第一财经日报》记者：“每次出海打回来的鱼都很少，个头也比不上一二十年前。”在许爱发房前的空地上，晒着小鱼小虾，“晒干了，只能作饲料。”他说。

　　近海渔业遭遇“三面夹击”

　　“我们每天都要出海，捞些小鱼和螃蟹晒干后拿到市场上去卖，能捞到的鱼越来越少了。”北堡村渔民周建兴告诉《第一财经日报》记者。

　　北堡村所在的黄渤海区域内，由于人口和经济增长的压力，大规模滩涂围垦正如火如荼地进行着，大片滩涂变成了盐池、水产养殖池、农田、休闲娱乐区或工业区。

　　著名鸟类学家、北京师范大学生命科学学院张正旺对本报记者表示，渤海湾是我国人口密集、经济高度发展的地区，“我们非常高兴地看到渤海湾地区经济高速发展，但同时也非常担忧地看到，这个地区的生物多样性正在不断丧失。”

　　张正旺领衔的北京师范大学生命科学学院研究小组调查发现，无节制的围填海后，许多鱼、虾、蟹和贝类等重要海洋经济生物的产卵场和索饵场被破坏，渔业资源延续困难。

　　中国环境与发展国际合作委员会（下称“国合会”）海洋课题组的一份报告也显示，目前我国“渔业资源已进入严重衰退期”。

　　围垦滩涂发展经济的同时，渔业企业的船队和捕捞能力却在不断壮大，导致过度捕捞。

　　国合会海洋课题组的一项统计显示，我国近海渔业资源在20世纪60年代末进入全面开发利用期，之后海洋捕捞机动渔船的数量持续大量增加，上世纪60年代末尚仅1万余艘，90年代中期就已达20余万艘。

　　由于捕捞船只数和马力数不断增大，加之渔具现代化，导致对近海渔业资源进行掠夺式捕捞，资源衰退加剧。

　　捕捞对象也由60年代大型底层和近底层种类转变为以鳀鱼、黄鲫、鲐鲹类等小型中上层鱼类为主，经济价值大幅度降低。

　　环境污染则是我国近海渔业资源锐减的第三个重要因素。渤海三大湾之一的莱州湾是山东重要的滨海湿地分布区、产卵场及渔场。环保部门调查发现，2006年以来，莱州湾主要河流入海断面水质多为劣五类，面积约占整个海湾面积的30%，鱼卵仔鱼数量持续下降，渔业资源严重衰退，传统产卵场、索饵场、渔场功能受到破坏。

　　远洋渔业“大跃进”

　　近海渔业资源锐减，使中国的渔业企业把渔枪“瞄准”了丰富的远洋渔业资源。

　　2011年以来，我国远洋渔业进入“大跃进”时期，新建造专业远洋渔船达1300多艘。2015年，全国作业远洋渔船数量达到2500艘，总功率220万千瓦，总产量205万吨，总产值190亿元。

　　“我国渔业在世界上占有重要地位，已成为全球海洋渔业第一大国。”农业部渔业渔政管理局副局长崔利锋说。目前，我国远洋渔业作业海域已扩展到40个国家和地区的专属经济区，以及太平洋、印度洋、大西洋公海和南极海域。

　　在各省市远洋渔业中，山东省发展最快。山东省海洋与渔业厅介绍，截至2015年6月底，该省具有农业部远洋渔业资格企业31家，远洋渔船发展到434艘、总吨位25.9万吨、总功率46.6万千瓦。

　　“鲁烟远渔010号”所属的烟台海洋渔业有限公司官网一篇文章介绍，“阿根廷渔场汛期产量比较高”“在阿根廷渔场作业期间，日产经常几十吨甚至上百吨”。在秘鲁渔场，中心渔场范围小、船只多，已经出现了激烈竞争的场面。

　　这家公司的“长顺2号”，2014年在阿根廷渔场汛期生产中产量达到2530余吨，列该公司阿根廷渔场20艘鱿钓船之首。该公司当年鱿钓船队产量超过8万吨。

　　其他沿海省市的远洋捕捞也成绩“不俗”。

　　青岛市海洋与渔业局介绍，青岛市远洋捕捞公司从俄罗斯购置的1艘7700吨级大型拖网加工船，去年4月抵达南极公海海域从事磷虾生产，不到一个月就捕获南极磷虾1300余吨，加工冻虾500吨、虾粉130吨。

　　浙江省宁波市海洋与渔业局介绍，去年，宁波市实际投产的远洋渔船约30艘，远洋渔业总产量3.25万吨，产值2.03亿元，比上年同期分别增长约45%和40%。

　　如何避免远洋捕鱼纠纷

　　远洋丰富的渔业资源确实让中国渔民和渔业企业尝到了甜头，但类似“鲁烟远渔010号”事件的渔业纠纷也在增多。

　　“基于我国远洋渔业起步较晚的现实，以及国际社会对渔业资源‘先占先得’的历史分配格局，我国在国际渔业资源的竞争中处于劣势。”全国政协委员、农业部原副部长牛盾曾说。

　　相比阿根廷、日本等国家，虽然中国拥有漫长的海岸线，却没有一处大洋型海洋资源区。这种绝对量的差距加上中国巨大的人口因素，使中国的人均海洋资源拥有量处于明显弱势。也正是在这种格局中，远洋渔业引发的海外冲突成为中国政府部门必须要解决的问题。

　　中国海洋局研究员周遒麟介绍，中国渔民对赴他国专属经济区内捕鱼的规定知之甚少，有些也存在侥幸心理。

　　2015年10月，农业部办公厅下发《关于严格遵守北太平洋渔业管理组织有关管理措施的通知》（农办渔[2015]64号）称，对于未经批准在北太平洋公海违法从事公海渔业生产的中国渔船，扣除涉事渔船当年全年政策性补贴，并依法追究企业法人的法律责任。

　　中国海洋大学经济学院教授杨林建议，我国应积极开展渔业资源的国际和区域间的各方面合作。他说，渔业资源的流动性和洄游性，使得一些渔业资源成为几个国家的共有资源，决定了渔业资源的管理和保护必须要进行国际和区域间的密切合作。

　　前瞻产业研究院发布的《2015-2020年中国远洋渔船行业市场前瞻与投资战略规划分析报告》预测，到2020年，中国远洋渔业工业总产值有望超过650亿元，较2015年年复合增速为20%。

责任编辑：倪子牮

文章关键词：
中国渔船远赴阿根廷

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