Current minimum wage is rising too fast now? -Salaries, minimum wages-IT information

In Hainan province recently announced that from May 1, raising the minimum wage of 160 Yuan.

In recent years, the region has raised the minimum wage and allow low-income workers to share the fruits of economic development. However, as the economy slows, many fear, minimum wages adjust quickly, increasing the burden on enterprises and, ultimately, employment.

Minimum wages have risen fast enough? Is not considered "too fast"? How big is the effect on the cost? Exacerbating unemployment? Journalists in an interview.

--The editors

▲ Chongchuan district, Nantong city, Jiangsu Province, trade unions, representatives of the computer industry and worker representatives of the three parties, around minimum wage, paid vacation and other consultations and consensus.

Cannot simply say "too fast"

--"Twelve-Five" minimum wage by an average increase for the period 13.1%, outperforming GDP; but most of the urban minimum wage does not meet the average 40%, in General within an appropriate range

How fast rise in the minimum wage?

In 2015, the 28 regions across the country to raise the minimum wage. The first 9 months, a total of 21 regions adjust minimum wages by an average of 13.3%. Shanghai, Shenzhen′s minimum monthly wage of more than 2000 Yuan.

The "Twelve-Five" period, the data released by the Department of human resources and social security showed that annual growth in the minimum wage is 13.1%. Wide adjustment range, frequency, and for 2011-2013, each year over more than 20 areas of the country raising the minimum wage, 2014 19 regions to adjust in 2015, even up to the 28 districts, is much higher than the minimum wage in the "adjusted at least once every two years" requirements.

11 years of implementation of the minimum wage, according to the Institute for one Department of labor wage average according to the level of the minimum wage measure, with an average annual growth rate is about 12.3%. In 2004, the minimum wage was 685 Yuan in Guangzhou with the highest and lowest parts of Heilongjiang province for 235. By 2015, Shenzhen City with the highest up to 2030, the most upscale of all provincial minimum wage standard more than 1100 Yuan. Minimum wages have risen more than twice times in 11 years.

Minimum wage does "run" is not slow, outperforming GDP, more than CPI. However, the minimum wage is not running "too fast", but also depends on the reference system.

The "Twelve-Five" plan suggested that "Twelve-Five" 13% annual increase in the minimum wage above minimum wage in most of the area to meet the local practitioner average salary of more than 40%. Control objectives, minimum wage average annual growth of 13.1%, surpassing the target of 13%, but only just over and not say "too fast".

"40%" target implementation is not satisfactory. Society Institute of Ministry of labor wage calculation, by 2014, 31 municipalities and provincial capital of minimum wage and the average wage of employees, above 40% city has 9 per cent, in 30%-40% 18 per cent, accounting for more than the minimum of only 26%. It is understood that most countries set a minimum wage standard, the standard was 40% with the average wage in society-60% of the relationship, generally considered more than 40% to the distribution of equity.

Rises in the minimum wage, workers ′ average wages also rose, the gap between them widened. Society Institute of Ministry of labor wages of 31 municipalities and provincial city survey, one year on the minimum wage with the highest percentage of the average wage of fully employed staff from 2004 about 34% about 31% down to 2014. Among the highest percentage of cities, their ratio in 2004 was 50%, in 2014 fell to 40.6%. From this point of view, the beneficiaries in the minimum wage have not been able to with most employee groups to wage growth.

Man Liu xuemin researcher at the Institute of labor and salary, the Department said, "Twelve-Five" and during the past 11 years, achieved faster growth in the minimum wage, but you can′t just assume "too fast", China′s current minimum wage levels overall are still in the moderate range, and there is considerable room for improvement.

Labor Vice President SU Hainan, China believes that more and faster adjustment of minimum wages in recent years, including factor scores. Before 2007 is slow to adjust frequency, amplitude is low, and in 2008 when the financial crisis broke out, China once China suspends minimum wages.

Is not a drag on employment

--Over the past few years the minimum wage adjustment did not have a significantly negative effect on the overall employment situation, rising labor costs on labor-intensive enterprises have booster function

For adjustment of the minimum wage, and for many years have had different views. Not someone is unwilling to let lower-wage workers a raise, but minimum wage system the objective is "double-edged sword" – rising too slowly not conducive to protect the interests of low-income people, rose too fast might affect employment. "Raising the minimum wage so that enterprises are burdened with heavy, reducing jobs, leading to some workers lose their jobs, apparently lower-wage workers do not want to see, or does not meet the original intention of setting up a minimum wage system. "Su Hainan said.

So, if adjustments of the minimum wage was a drag on job opportunities?

One Department of labor wage Research Institute study shows, the "Twelve-Five" period, rapid annual growth in the national minimum wage, overall stability in employment over the same period, the registered unemployment rate remained at low 4.1% 4%-town jobs "Eleven-Five" has increased. Areas, the fastest annual growth in the minimum wage, Lanzhou, Kunming, Chengdu and other cities, the registered urban unemployment rate has been at a low level in the same period. Tianjin, Chengdu had in adjustment of the minimum wage on the labour market to ask for rate comparison, found labor demand did not change significantly.

Liu xuemin said that "This shows that the past few years the minimum wage adjustment on the overall employment situation in China did not have a significant adverse impact. "He believes that job the past few years is mainly due to the optimization of the economic structure, effect on employment of tertiary industry has developed rapidly. Minimum wage adjustments had little effect on employment. When the Government adjusted the minimum wage, both the purpose of adjusting income distribution, also considers the economic development, labour market changes. In recent years, "recruitment difficulties" spread from the local to the national, low wages and difficult to recruit people. In fact, as the economy slows, the minimum wage adjustments has been reduced. Adjustments have been made in 2013, the average increase was 17%, in 2014, to 14.2%.

Increasing cost pressures in recent years, some people think that is raising the minimum wage too fast cause. Liu xuemin, said, "the past few years the minimum wage adjustment, the rising labor costs in labour-intensive industry has some role in boosting, but limited sphere of influence and impact. ”

Foreign research shows that changes in the minimum wage for those workers wages standard 1.4 times the minimum wage and more enterprises had little effect. According to this calculation, wholesale and retail trade, accommodation, catering, the mining industry and other labor-intensive industries of the private sector will be affected by the minimum wage adjustment effects. Due to minimum wage adjustments affecting business fixed wages, overtime pay, social security contribution base, the basis of calculation, so rising labor costs in some enterprises in these industries will be promoted, but given the industry′s proportion of labor costs to total costs of 5%-30%, the proportion is not high, limited impact overall.

GDP deceleration, adjustment of the minimum wage in the future to grasp

--First of all, the bottom line, and concerns the minimum wage adjustment and coordination per capita GDP growth, and productivity, taking into account the capacity of enterprises to labor cost increase

How do minimum wages should be adjusted in the future?

Ai Jun when hourly workers in Beijing have been almost 10 years, and she′s very sensitive about minimum wage. "Basically the minimum wage increase, we charge per hour will rise a little. Beijing′s cost of living is so high that young people are not willing to do it, if not then rose, who still work here! ”

Jiangsu boss Mr Jiang was too much pressure on labor costs. His company′s main textile machinery accessories, this years staff salaries will rise once every six months, it is hard to retain people. "Our workers ′ wages 1 time times higher than minimum wage, but the Government adjusted the minimum wage, I would stress, and then adjust. Such a rise, and could be done. ”

The new characteristics of economic operation, adjustment of the minimum wage "degree" puts forward new requirements.

Su Hainan believes that GDP growth has slowed down, does not mean that the minimum wage is not moved. However, in the new normal economy adjust how high frequency, amplitude, and economical operation of main index maintain a kind of relationship, we really have to carefully consider. "Minimum wage growth should be established on the basis of economic development. Current GDP growth down to about 7%, two or three also declined industrial productivity, also need to cut their minimum wage increases, otherwise it could lead to incompatible with economic development. ”

Adjustment of the minimum wage regulations on minimum wages to combine 6 factors refers to local employment and the maintenance of the population of the minimum cost of living, the urban consumer price index, employee contributions to social insurance and housing Provident Fund, employees, economic development level, employment status, by employees, employers, tripartite joint research on political decisions. Su Hainan said that strictly follows the method of calculation, the minimum wage adjustment would not exceed the reasonable interval, the key is not horizontal comparisons, racking their brains around decisions.

Workers demand and cost pressures, how to balance?

One Department of labor wage Institute issues report on minimum wage adjustment, "bottom line, sustainable" should be "Thirteen-Five" the basic orientation of the minimum wage. Liu xuemin explained that the bottom line is to meet the basic needs of low-income workers and to maintain populations, this level is higher than at least one of the local residents in the low level and above enjoy unemployment insurance personnel in the local standard of living. Sustainable is to guide them in the new normal, more concerned about minimum wage adjustment and coordination per capita GDP growth, and productivity, taking into account the capacity of enterprises to labor cost increase.

There is a contradiction between certain hours to do? Liu xuemin said the minimum wage should first protect the bottom line, is to protect workers ′ rights. Cost consists of various, labor cost is only one, you can consider tax cuts reduced costs for enterprises and reduce costs in other ways, such as, improving the ability of enterprises to provide, so employers have room to give workers a raise.

"The relationship between labour supply and demand changes, companies want to retain people, certainly to raise employee wages. "Su Hainan stressed.

目前的最低工资涨得太快了吗？ - 工资,最低工资 - IT资讯

海南省近日宣布，从5月1日起上调最低工资标准160元。

近年来，全国各省区市多次上调最低工资标准，让低收入劳动者分享经济发展成果。但是，随着经济增速放缓，很多人担心，最低工资调整过快，会增加企业负担，最终影响就业。

最低工资标准涨得有多快？算不算“过快”？对企业成本影响有多大？是否加剧了失业？记者进行了采访。

——编者

▲江苏省南通市崇川区总工会、电脑行业企业代表和职工代表三方，围绕行业最低工资标准、带薪休假等问题进行协商并达成一致意见。

不能简单说“太快”

——“十二五”期间最低工资标准平均涨幅13.1%，跑赢GDP；但多数城市最低工资标准未达到平均工资40%，总体处于适度区间

最低工资标准究竟涨得有多快？

2015年，全国有28个地区上调了最低工资标准。其中前9个月，共有21个地区调整了最低工资标准，平均增幅13.3%。上海、深圳的月最低工资标准超过2000元。

“十二五”期间，人力资源和社会保障部公布的数据显示，最低工资标准年均增幅达到13.1%。调整的范围广、频率快，其中2011年—2013年，每年全国都有20多个地区上调最低工资标准，2014年有19个地区调整，2015年更达到28个地区，远远高于《最低工资规定》中“每两年至少调整一次”的要求。

《最低工资规定》实施11年间，据人社部劳动工资研究所按最低工资标准各档次平均值测算，年均增速约为12.3%。2004年，最低工资标准最高的广州市为685元，最低的黑龙江省部分地区为235元。到2015年，最高的深圳市达到2030元，所有省区市最低工资标准的最高档都超过了1100元。最低工资标准11年间涨了两倍多。

最低工资的确“跑”得不慢，跑赢GDP，更远超CPI。然而，最低工资是不是跑得“太快”，还要看参照体系。

“十二五”规划纲要提出，“十二五”期间最低工资标准年均增长13%以上，绝大多数地区最低工资标准达到当地城镇从业人员平均工资的40%以上。对照规划目标，最低工资年均增长13.1%，超过了13%的目标，但只是刚刚超过，尚不能说“过快”。

“40%”的目标，实现得并不算理想。人社部劳动工资研究所测算，到2014年，31个直辖市和省会城市最低工资标准与从业人员平均工资比较，占比达到40%以上的城市有9个，占比在30%—40%为18个，占比最低的仅为26%左右。据了解，目前多数市场经济国家设立最低工资标准，其标准与社会平均工资呈40%—60%的比例关系，一般认为超过40%有利于分配公平。

最低工资标准在涨，劳动者平均工资也在涨，二者的差距还在拉大。人社部劳动工资研究所对31个直辖市和省会城市的调查显示，最低工资标准最高档占上一年在岗职工平均工资的比例，从2004年的34%左右下降到2014年的31%左右。其中最高占比的城市，其占比值在2004年为50%，2014年下降到40.6%。从这个角度看，最低工资标准受益人群并没有能够与多数在岗职工群体实现工资的同步增长。

人社部劳动工资研究所刘学民研究员表示，“十二五”期间以及过去11年，最低工资标准实现了较快增长，但不能简单地认为“过快”，中国当前最低工资水平总体仍处于适度区间，且有相当大的提高空间。

中国劳动学会副会长苏海南认为，近些年最低工资调整得多一些、快一些，其中有还旧账的因素。2007年前调整频次是较慢的，幅度也是较低的，而且在2008年金融危机爆发时，我国还一度暂缓调整最低工资。

目前并未拖累就业

——过去几年最低工资调整对我国就业总体状况未产生明显不利影响，对劳动密集型企业人工成本上涨有一定助推作用

对于调整最低工资标准，多年来一直存在不同看法。倒不是有人不愿意让低收入劳动者涨工资，而是最低工资制度客观上是把“双刃剑”——涨得太慢不利于保障低收入者权益，涨得太快有可能影响就业。“如果上调最低工资标准使企业感到负担太重、减少岗位需求，最后导致一些劳动者失去工作机会，显然是低收入劳动者不愿意看到的，也不符合设立最低工资制度的初衷。”苏海南解释说。

那么，最低工资标准的调整是否拖累了就业呢？

人社部劳动工资研究所的研究显示，“十二五”期间，全国最低工资标准年均增速较快，同期我国就业总体稳定，登记失业率保持在4.0%—4.1%的低位，城镇新增就业人数较“十一五”更有所提高。分地区看，最低工资标准年均增幅最快的兰州、昆明、成都等市，同期城镇登记失业率一直处在较低水平。天津、成都曾在最低工资调整前后对劳动力市场求人倍率进行比较，发现用工需求没有明显变化。

刘学民分析说，“这表明过去几年最低工资的调整对我国总体就业状况未产生明显的不利影响。”他认为，过去几年就业稳定主要得益于经济结构优化，对就业拉动作用大的第三产业发展迅速。而最低工资标准调整对就业的影响不大。政府在调整最低工资标准时，既有调节收入分配的目的，也综合考虑了经济发展、劳动力市场变化。近年来“招工难”从局部蔓延至全国，低工资越来越难招到人。事实上，随着经济增速放缓，最低工资调整的幅度已在缩小。已做出调整的地区2013年平均上调幅度为17%，2014年则降至14.2%。

近年来企业成本压力增大，有人认为是最低工资提高过快导致。刘学民介绍说，“这几年最低工资标准调整，对劳动密集型行业企业人工成本上涨有一定助推作用，但影响范围和影响程度都很有限。”

国外研究表明，最低工资标准的变动对于那些员工工资水平在最低工资标准1.4倍及以上的企业影响较小。按此测算，我国批发零售业、住宿餐饮业、采矿业等劳动密集型行业的私营企业会受最低工资标准调整的影响。由于最低工资标准调整影响企业固定工资水平、加班工资计算基数、社保缴费基数等，所以对于这些行业中部分企业的人工成本上涨会有推动，但考虑到这些行业的人工成本占企业总成本的比重在5%—30%，比重不高，整体上影响有限。

GDP降速，今后调整最低工资要把握好度

——首先保底线，同时关注最低工资标准调整与人均GDP增长、与劳动生产率提高相协调，兼顾企业对人工成本提高的承受能力

今后最低工资标准应该怎么调？

艾军在北京当小时工已经近10年，她对小时最低工资格外敏感。“基本上最低工资一调，我们每小时的收费就会涨一点。北京生活成本这么高，年轻人都不愿意干这行，要是不接着涨，谁还在这儿干呀！”

江苏做小老板的姜先生则深感用工成本压力太大。他的企业主营纺织机械配件，这几年员工工资几乎每半年就要涨一次，否则很难留住人。“我们工人的工资比最低工资高出近一倍，但是政府一调最低工资，我就有压力，也得接着调。再这么涨下去，没法干了。”

经济运行的新特征，给最低工资调整的“度”提出了新要求。

苏海南认为，GDP增速放缓，不意味着最低工资标准就不调了。然而，在经济新常态下其调整频率多高、幅度多大、与经济运行的主要指标保持一种什么样的关系，的确要审慎考量。“最低工资增长应建立在经济发展的基础上。目前GDP增速降到了7%左右，二、三产业的劳动生产率也有所下降，最低工资的增幅相应也需下调，否则就会导致与经济发展不相匹配。”

《最低工资规定》提出最低工资的调整要结合6项影响因素，即参考当地就业者及其赡养人口的最低生活费用、城镇居民消费价格指数、职工个人缴纳的社会保险费和住房公积金、职工平均工资、经济发展水平、就业状况等，由劳、资、政三方共同研究决定。苏海南说，只要严格遵循这样的计算方式，最低工资调整幅度不会超出合理区间，关键是各地不要横向攀比、拍脑袋决策。

劳动者诉求与企业成本压力间，该如何平衡？

人社部劳动工资研究所关于最低工资调整的课题报告提出，“兜底线、可持续”应当是“十三五”最低工资的基本定位。刘学民解释说，兜底线就是要满足低收入劳动者及其赡养人口的基本生活需要，这一水平至少要高于当地居民低保水平、高于当地享受失业保险金人员的生活水平。可持续就是要引导各地在新常态下更加关注最低工资标准调整与人均GDP增长、与劳动生产率提高相协调，兼顾企业对人工成本提高的承受能力。

二者在某些时段有矛盾怎么办？刘学民表示，最低工资首先应该保底线，就是保劳动者权益。企业成本的构成是多方面的，人工成本只是其中之一，可以考虑通过减税降费等其他方式为企业降成本，提高企业的承受能力，让用工方有空间给劳动者涨工资。

“劳动力供求关系在改变，企业要想留住人，肯定要提高员工工资待遇。”苏海南这样强调。