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published in(发表于) 2016/3/31 6:21:07
If the Earth by the Sun “locked“: people end

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If the Earth by the Sun "lock": the end of the human-Earth, Sun-IT information

Tidal lock, more than 2000 degrees of heat, lava everywhere. Such planets can also be used to do?

United States NASA "Spitzer" recent extrasolar planets in a "Super Earth" the surface temperature mapping for the first time. The planet′s mass is about twice the Earth times, survey results show that the two hemispheres of very large temperature differences, reason may be there is lava flows.

"People′s perception of this planet is constantly changing," Brice of the University of Cambridge and lead author of the paper, Olivier Demory said, "new discoveries show that its temperature was very high at midnight, but the daytime hemisphere temperature higher. This indicates that the planet cannot effectively carry heat to the global, and there are two reasons this may occur: one is the planet′s atmosphere only in the daytime hemisphere; the second is there are lava flows on the surface of the planet. ”

This hot Super Earth called "55 Cancri e," and is relatively close to the Earth, about 40 light-years away.

It and its stars are in close proximity, and orbital period of only 18 hours. Because of this, the planet is tidally locked by its main star.

This is like the Moon is to the Earth, only one hemisphere towards its main star, so "55 Cancri e" a dome is always the day, the temperature was high, and the other side is always night, temperature is relatively cool.

▲ "55 Cancri e" artistic imagination

"Spitzer Space Telescope ′55 cancer e′ phase was observed. Phase and phase on the same principle. This small extrasolar planets can also be divided into first, last quarter, new and full phase, "Demory said," through this kind of observation, people are able to create a heat map of the planet, where is the understanding of the planet′s hottest. ”

On the Spitzer Space Telescope at infrared wavelengths, while on the planet up to 80 hours of observation, run multiple times during the planet orbiting its star.

Scientists use the data for mapping the planet′s surface temperature variation as a whole. Was shocking, it was found that the two hemispheres of the planet temperature vary daytime hemisphere maximum temperature nearly 2,427 degrees Celsius, the lowest temperature and the midnight ball "only" 1127 degrees Celsius.

▲ Observed in infrared by the Spitzer Space Telescope "55 Cancri e" brightness

This animation below shows the "55 Cancri e" this volume twice the Earth′s extrasolar planets. Observations show that this side of the planet′s temperature is much higher than the other side, which may be caused by lava flow ( click here to watch the video ).

This finding suggests that "55 Cancri e" night ball temperature significantly lower than the daytime hemisphere, the planet′s heat is not evenly distributed to global. This is guessing different people before.

Previously people believed, thick atmosphere and strong winds will spread to heat the planet global. But the fact that the planet′s atmosphere is not as strong, but there may be a lot of lava flows on the surface of the planet, the solidification of lava in the middle of the ball, thus blocking heat transfer.

"′55 cancer e′ the day hemisphere there may be many rivers of lava and extremely robust large lava Lake, but in his midnight ball, a lava flow that will harden, just like we see on Earth," Belgium University of Liège, MichaelGillon said.

Meanwhile, the Spitzer Space Telescope found the day hemisphere of the planet′s most hot compared with the previously estimated the offset. Usually people think that, on the most direct point of the hot spots in the main star, but in reality is not. Indicating that the heat of the day hemisphere circulation are subject to certain restrictions, also possible with its high temperature on the surface of landforms, such as a lava flow.

Published in the March 30 issue of the journal nature.


如果地球被太阳“锁定”:人类末日 - 地球,太阳 - IT资讯

潮汐锁定,两千多度的高温,熔岩遍地。这样的行星还能用来干什么呢?

美国航空航天局“斯皮策太空望远镜”最近对系外行星中一个“超级地球”的表面温度进行了首次测绘。这个行星的体积大约是地球的两倍,测绘结果表明其两个半球的温度差异非常大,原因则有可能是那里存在着熔岩流。

“人们对这个行星的看法在不断地发生变化,”论文的主要作者、英国剑桥大学的Brice Olivier Demory说,“新发现表明其夜半球的温度就已经很高,但其昼半球的温度更高。这说明这个行星无法有效地将热量带往全球,而出现这种情况可能有两种原因:一是这个行星的大气层只在昼半球存在;二是这个行星表面存在着熔岩流。”

这个炽热的超级地球名为“55巨蟹座e”,和地球相对较近,大约只有40光年。

它和它的主星距离非常近,公转周期只有18个小时。正因如此,这个行星是被它的主星潮汐锁定的。

这种情况就像月亮之于地球一样,永远只有一个半球朝向它的主星,所以“55巨蟹座e”的一个半球永远是白天,温度极高,而另一个半球永远是黑夜,温度相对较为凉爽。

▲“55巨蟹座e”艺术想象图

“斯皮策太空望远镜对‘55巨蟹座e’的相位进行了观察。这样的相位和月相原理是一样的。人们同样可以将这个小小的系外行星相位分成上弦、下弦、新相和满相,”Demory说,“通过这样的观察,人们能够为这个行星制作出一幅热量地图,了解这个行星表面最热的地方在哪里。”

斯皮策太空望远镜在红外波段上,对这个行星进行了总计时长达80个小时的观测,期间行星围绕其主星运行了多次。

科学家利用获得的数据,对整个行星表面的温度变化进行了测绘。令人震惊的是,人们发现这个行星的两个半球温度差异极大,昼半球的最高温度将近2427摄氏度,而夜半球的最低温度“只有”1127摄氏度。

▲斯皮策太空望远镜在红外波段上观测到的“55巨蟹座e”亮度变化

下边这段动画展示了“55巨蟹座e”这颗体积两倍于地球的系外行星。观测结果表明,这个行星一侧的温度要远远高于另一侧,而这种现象可能是熔岩流造成的(点此观看视频)。

这一发现表明,“55巨蟹座e”夜半球的温度要明显低于昼半球,这个行星上的热量没有均匀地分布到全球。这与之前人们的猜想不同。

此前人们认为,浓厚的大气和强风,会把热量扩散到行星全球。但事实上,这个行星的大气并没有那么浓厚,而且这个行星表面可能存在着大量的熔岩流,这些熔岩会在夜半球凝固,进而阻断热量的传递。

“‘55巨蟹座e’的昼半球可能存在着许多熔岩河和极度炽热的大型熔岩湖,但在其夜半球,熔岩流就会硬化,就像我们在地球上看到的那样,”比利时列日大学的MichaelGillon这样说。

与此同时,斯皮策太空望远镜还发现,这个行星昼半球的最热点与之前人们的预计相比发生了偏移。通常人们认为,最热点就在主星的直射点上,但实际情况并不是。这表明其昼半球的热量循环受到了一定限制,也有可能与其表面的高温地貌,如熔岩流有关。

相关论文发表在3月30日的《自然》杂志上。






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